scholarly journals Annual cycle in scots pine's photosynthesis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pertti Hari ◽  
Veli-Matti Kerminen ◽  
Liisa Kulmala ◽  
Markku Kulmala ◽  
Steffen Noe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
The State ◽  
Solar Light ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Physical Knowledge ◽  
Photosynthetic Machinery ◽  
Biochemical Regulation

Abstract. Photosynthesis, i.e. the assimilation of atmospheric carbon to organic molecules with the help of solar energy, is a fundamental and well understood process. Here, we connect theoretically the fundamental concepts affecting C3 photosynthesis with the main environmental drivers (ambient temperature and solar light intensity), using six axioms based on physiological and physical knowledge and yield straightforward and simple mathematical equations. The light and carbon reactions in photosynthesis are based on the coherent operation of the photosynthetic machinery, which is formed of a complicated chain of enzymes, membrane pumps and pigments. A powerful biochemical regulation system has emerged in evolution to match photosynthesis with the annual cycle in solar light and temperature. The action of the biochemical regulation system generates the annual cycle of photosynthesis and emergent properties, the state of photosynthetic machinery, and the efficiency of photosynthesis. The state and the efficiency of the photosynthetic machinery is dynamically changing due to biosynthesis and decomposition of the molecules. The mathematical analysis of the system, defined by the very fundamental concepts and axioms, resulted in exact predictions of the behaviour of daily and annual patterns in photosynthesis. We tested the predictions with extensive field measurements of Scots pine photosynthesis in Northern Finland. Our theory gained strong corroboration for the theory in the rigorous test.

scholarly journals Annual cycle of Scots pine photosynthesis

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 15045-15053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pertti Hari ◽  
Veli-Matti Kerminen ◽  
Liisa Kulmala ◽  
Markku Kulmala ◽  
Steffen Noe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
The State ◽  
Solar Light ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Physical Knowledge ◽  
Photosynthetic Machinery ◽  
Biochemical Regulation

Abstract. Photosynthesis, i.e. the assimilation of atmospheric carbon to organic molecules with the help of solar energy, is a fundamental and well-understood process. Here, we connect theoretically the fundamental concepts affecting C3 photosynthesis with the main environmental drivers (ambient temperature and solar light intensity), using six axioms based on physiological and physical knowledge, and yield straightforward and simple mathematical equations. The light and carbon reactions in photosynthesis are based on the coherent operation of the photosynthetic machinery, which is formed of a complicated chain of enzymes, membrane pumps and pigments. A powerful biochemical regulation system has emerged through evolution to match photosynthesis with the annual cycle of solar light and temperature. The action of the biochemical regulation system generates the annual cycle of photosynthesis and emergent properties, the state of the photosynthetic machinery and the efficiency of photosynthesis. The state and the efficiency of the photosynthetic machinery is dynamically changing due to biosynthesis and decomposition of the molecules. The mathematical analysis of the system, defined by the very fundamental concepts and axioms, resulted in exact predictions of the behaviour of daily and annual patterns in photosynthesis. We tested the predictions with extensive field measurements of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) photosynthesis on a branch scale in northern Finland. Our theory gained strong support through rigorous testing.

CONSIDERATION OF THE VALIDITY OF THE STATISTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF pH IN SURFACE WATERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
V. B. Korobov ◽  
I. V. Miskevich ◽  
A. S. Lokhov ◽  
K. A. Seredkin
Keyword(s):  
Field Measurements ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
The State ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
River Waters ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
State Of Water ◽  
Environment Temperature ◽  
Unit Characteristic

Abstract: pH is one of the most important parameters characterizing the state of water systems. The arithmetic mean values of samples are often used when averaging serial pH measurements in water bodies, as is usually done for other characteristics of the state of the natural environment (temperature, salinity, oxygen concentrations, suspended solids, etc.). However, in this case such an operation is illegal, since the addition of logarithms, which by definition are pH, is non-additive. The authors conducted a study to determine the extent to which pH variability in natural objects such an operation would not distort the results. For this, several samples of the pH index were generated in various ranges of its theoretically possible and natural variability. It was established that with pH variability of less than a unit characteristic of marine pH values, the statistical characteristics of the indicator and [H+ ] concentrations differ slightly, and the medians of the samples coincide. It is concluded that with such ranges characteristic of the waters of the oceans, there is no need to recalculate previously obtained results. However, for the estuaries of rivers flowing into tidal seas, as shown by field measurements, the pH variability in the mixing zone of sea and river waters is several times higher. Similar situations may occur when heavy precipitation falls on the water surface, as well as during floods. In these cases, a simple averaging of the pH values will no longer be correct. In such cases, the use of other averaging algorithms and the choice of stable statistical characteristics are required.

Innovations in the state regulation system for prices of shipbuilding products

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-90
Author(s):  
Yuri Vladimirovich Kangur ◽  
Elena Sergeyevna Palkina
Keyword(s):  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Regulation System

scholarly journals Assessment of the current status of youth employment in Kazakhstan and the system of its state support

2021 ◽  
pp. 107-120
Author(s):  
G. Zh. Doskeyeva
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Youth Employment ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
State Support ◽  
Youth Labor Market

The purpose of the study is to analyze the current state of the youth labor market in Kazakhstan and its main indicators, consider and assess the mechanism of functioning of the system of state support for youth employment; also in reviewing the possibilities of government programs aimed at combating unemployment, including youth unemployment resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.The research methodology includes statistical and economic, dialectical and comparative methods that were used in writing this scientific article. Since statistical and economic methods are a set of methods used in a comprehensive analysis of the dynamics of the development of certain economic processes, in this article, using the method under consideration, indicators of youth employment in Kazakhstan were grouped, statistical information was developed and analyzed, and also with the help of graphs and diagrams, the analysis results are displayed and assessed the state of the youth labor market. And with the help of the dialectical method, the state of development of economic processes in the labor market, in particular the relationship and interaction between the elements of the mechanism of state support was revealed. Using the comparative method, a comparative analysis of the indicators of the youth labor market and the experience of the functioning of the mechanism of state regulation, as well as the dynamics of changes in the indicators of youth unemployment over a five-year period was carried out.The originality / value of the study lies in a comprehensive analysis of youth employment indicators in Kazakhstan for 2015-2019 and an assessment of the mechanism for the functioning of state programs and other elements of the state regulation system aimed at supporting the youth labor market in the context of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic.Findings - main focus andfindings of the article. The research results are related to the analysis of the main indicators of the youth labor market in Kazakhstan and the identification of the main priorities of social policy aimed at improving the system of state support for youth employment.

scholarly journals Improving state regulation of the insurance services market

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
Olha Klymenko
Keyword(s):  
Financial Market ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Insurance Market ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Insurance Premiums

An urgent task in the field of public administration of non-banking financial services markets is to improve the regulation of the insurance market. On the example of the insurance services market, the problems of the functioning of the financial market regulation system are highlighted. Suggestions for its improvement are presented to increase the competitiveness of these markets. The development of the Ukrainian insurance market after 2015 to the present has a positive trend, which indicates the effectiveness and managerial ability of the state regulation system. The indicators of the state of the insurance market of Ukraine in comparison with similar indicators of such markets in the countries of the European Union are considered. The dynamics of concentration of the insurance market of Ukraine over the past 15 years has been analyzed. The main trends in the development of competition in this financial sphere have been identified. The necessity of state regulation of the concentration of the insurance market is substantiated. Views on the methodology and tools used in the study of the concentration and competitiveness of the insurance market are presented. Suggestions for improving the methods are given. It is shown that from 2012 to 2019 the Herfindahl - Hirschman index for risky types of insurance and for the insurance market as a whole has been increasing. It is established that according to the gradation of financial market concentration levels using the Herfindahl - Hirschman index, the insurance market of Ukraine corresponds to the degree of low concentration. According to the value of the Herfindahl - Hirschman indicator, the concentration of the life insurance market during 2003 – 2019, with the exception of 2015, is moderate. But the total share of gross insurance premiums collected by the three largest insurance companies in 2017 – 2019 exceeded 50 % of all gross insurance premiums. According to the Ukrainian law, such a market is considered a monopoly. It is shown that when analyzing the state and development of the insurance market of Ukraine, it is advisable to supplement the values of the Herfindahl - Hirschman index with corrective coefficients that take into account regional characteristics of the market, types of insurance, additional indicators of its functioning efficiency. Measures are proposed to accelerate the development of the insurance market of Ukraine by improving its regulation system.

scholarly journals Environmental and Climatic Risk Factors for Zika and Chikungunya Virus Infections in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2015–2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S56-S56
Author(s):  
Trevon Fuller ◽  
Guilherme A Calvet ◽  
Camila Genaro Estevam ◽  
Patricia Brasil ◽  
Jussara Rafael Angelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Health Department ◽  
The State ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Vector Ecology ◽  
Mosquito Abundance ◽  
Larval Stages

Abstract Background The objective of the present study was to identify drivers of the ZIV epidemic in the state of Rio de Janeiro to predict where the next hotspots will occur and prioritize areas for vector control and eventual vaccination once available. Methods To assess climatic and socio-economic drivers of arbovirus epidemics, we mapped rainfall, temperature, and sanitation infrastructure in the municipalities where individuals with laboratory confirmed cases of arboviral infection resided using our spatial pattern risk model. Results From March 2015 to May 2016, 3,916 participants from 58 municipalities in the state of Rio de Janeiro were tested for dengue, Chikungunya (CHKV), and ZIKV by RT-PCR and enzyme immunoassays. During the same period, 69,256 suspected cases of dengue, CHKV, and ZIKV were reported to the Rio Health Department, including 23,983 of dengue, 44,572 of ZIKV, and 701 of CHKV. Laboratory confirmed cases included 29 cases (0.7%) of dengue, 1,717 of ZIKV (43.8%), and 2,170 of CHKV (55.4%). Rains in Rio began in October 2015 and were followed one month later by the largest wave of the ZIKV epidemic (Figure 1). ZIKV cases markedly declined in February 2016, which coincided with the start of a CHKV outbreak. Rainfall predicted ZIKV and CHKV in Rio with a lead-time of 3 weeks each time. Social and environmental variables predicted the number of cases. The temporal dynamics of ZIKV and CHKV in Rio de Janeiro are explained by the shorter incubation period of the viruses in the mosquito vector; 2 days for CHKV vs 10 days for ZIKV. Conclusion The association between rainfall and ZIKV reflects vector ecology, as the larval stages of Aedes aegypti require pools of water to develop. Rainfall in October 2015 would have produced such pools resulting in increased mosquito abundance likely contributing to the ZIKV epidemic in humans the following month. The decrease in ZIKV in February 2016 and the increase in CHKV likely arose due to within-vector competition. The Pan American Health Organization’s ZIKV Strategic Plan states that controlling arboviruses requires mapping their social and environmental drivers. Our findings contribute to such control efforts. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

AUTOMATED WORKPLACES FOR FUNCTIONAL DIAGNOSTICS OF ATHLETES

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 137-149
Author(s):  
Nataliya Aralova ◽  
◽  
Larisa Shakhlina ◽  
Albina Aralova ◽  
Svetlana Kalytka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
General Characteristic ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Functional Diagnostics ◽  
Respiratory Gases

One of the most important tasks in modern sport's training for the sport of highest achievements is the ability to control the state of the athlete's body in the process of training and competitive activities. For this purpose, the use of systems registering and analyzing information about the functional capabilities of an athlete in the dynamics of his activity, allows you to provide an individual approach when planning and correcting training loads. This is especially important for medical and pedagogical examination. The development of methods and means for increasing physical performance and, in particular, in the practice of high-performance sports, is one of the most important principles of modern sports medicine, physiology of labor and sports. In the practice of modern sports medicine, when carrying out mass examinations of athletes, the approach based on the proposed A.Z. Kolchinskaya concept on the regulation of the body's oxygen regimes, which allows to give a general characteristic of gas homeostasis, to diagnose the main syndromes associated with disorders of the transport of respiratory gases in the body, to assess the functional state of the body at all stages of the annual cycle of sports training and during the post-exercise recovery period. Since this work is associated with a large number of calculations and subsequent processing of the information received, it is necessary to use modern means of modern information support. Thus, the automated information system (AIS) for the functional diagnostics of athletes allows many times to speed up the processing of data obtained during the examination of athletes, centrally accumulate information for its preprocessing, storage and collective use of the AIS, is equipped with convenient services for graphical and tabular presentation of data, allows analyzing the dynamics of functional the state of athletes in the annual cycle of their training, as well as at the stage of the 4-year training Olympic cycle.

The Implementation of Best Available Techniques as the Aspect of the Modern Industrial Policy of the Russian Federation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Denis Manturov
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
Economic Regulation ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Best Available Techniques ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth ◽  
State Of The Environment

In Russia, Best Available Techniques (BAT) form the modern instrument of the environmental industrial policy. One should consider BAT from the positions of the environmental and economic regulation. In Russia, harmonization of priority measures of the industrial and the environmental policy aims at the sustainable economic growth, technological renewal and environmental improvement of the industry. In the nearest future, over eight thousand Russian enterprises will turn to the new BAT-based regulation system; they will need to meet new legislative requirements. To achieve this, many companies will need to attract substantial investments; the state will have to work out additional instruments of the financial support for the BAT implementation. The transition to BAT will be organizes of a phased basis; to evaluate results being achieved, it is needed to select indicators characterizing, on one hand, the industrial growth, and on the other hand - the improvement of the production environmental and resource efficiency as well as the gradual reduction of the negative environmental impact. A whole system of indicators is needed because each industrial branch and each region have their specifics caused by the structure of industry and by the state of the environment and natural resources. To analyse the results of the transition to BAT at various levels, experts in Best Available Techniques will be called on; the formation of the society of BAT experts has already begun.

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