scholarly journals Natural risk warning: comparison of two methodologies

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 335-338
Author(s):  
A. Cavallo ◽  
F. Giannoni
Keyword(s):  
Back Analysis ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Thresholds ◽  
Natural Risk ◽  
Flood Warning ◽  
Risk Warning ◽  
Risk Forecasting ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract. The Italian network of "Centri Funzionali" is now reaching operational status both in hydro-meteorological risk forecasting and support to the decision making of administrations that issue natural risk warning. Each centre operates for its district of influence. In order to have a nationwide common standard the National Civil Protection Department proposed a quantitative warning methodology based on the definition of rainfall thresholds correlated to historical damages. In the first phase the thresholds have been defined using two studies that cover all Italy: the VAPI (statistics of extreme rainfall and discharges, see reference) and the AVI (database of historical flood and landslide events and reported damages, see reference). This work presents one year back analysis that compares the new methodology and the one that has been usied since 2000 by the Liguria Region Meteorological Centre with regard to flood warning, pinpointing the performance differences in terms of false and missed alerts.

scholarly journals The Tutte polynomial of symmetric hyperplane arrangements

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (03) ◽  
pp. 2050004
Author(s):  
Hery Randriamaro
Keyword(s):  
Hyperplane Arrangement ◽  
Dual Graph ◽  
Tutte Polynomial ◽  
Hyperplane Arrangements ◽  
Weyl Groups ◽  
Reflection Groups ◽  
Tutte Polynomials ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

The Tutte polynomial is originally a bivariate polynomial which enumerates the colorings of a graph and of its dual graph. Ardila extended in 2007 the definition of the Tutte polynomial on the real hyperplane arrangements. He particularly computed the Tutte polynomials of the hyperplane arrangements associated to the classical Weyl groups. Those associated to the exceptional Weyl groups were computed by De Concini and Procesi one year later. This paper has two objectives: On the one side, we extend the Tutte polynomial computing to the complex hyperplane arrangements. On the other side, we introduce a wider class of hyperplane arrangements which is that of the symmetric hyperplane arrangements. Computing the Tutte polynomial of a symmetric hyperplane arrangement permits us to deduce the Tutte polynomials of some hyperplane arrangements, particularly of those associated to the imprimitive reflection groups.

scholarly journals Using Tabu Search Adjusted with Urban Sewer Flood Simulation to Improve Pluvial Flood Warning via Rainfall Thresholds

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao-Yu Liao ◽  
Tsung-Yi Pan ◽  
Hsiang-Kuan Chang ◽  
Chi-Tai Hsieh ◽  
Jihn-Sung Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tabu Search ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Initial Boundary ◽  
Rainfall Threshold ◽  
Hydrodynamic Modeling ◽  
Rainfall Thresholds ◽  
Flood Warning

Pluvial floods are the most frequent natural hazard impacting urban cities because of extreme rainfall intensity within short duration. Owing to the complex interaction between rainfall, drainage systems and overland flow, pluvial flood warning poses a challenge for many metropolises. Although physical-based flood inundation models could identify inundated locations, hydrodynamic modeling is limited in terms of computational costs and sophisticated calibration. Thus, herein, a quick pluvial flood warning system using rainfall thresholds for central Taipei is developed. A tabu search algorithm is implemented with hydrological-analysis-based initial boundary conditions to optimize rainfall thresholds. Furthermore, a cross test is adopted to evaluate the effect of each rainfall event on rainfall threshold optimization. Urban sewer flood is simulated via hydrodynamic modeling with calibration using crowdsourced data. The locations and time of occurrence of pluvial floods can be obtained to increase the quality of observed data that dominate the accuracy of pluvial flood warning when using rainfall thresholds. The optimization process is a tabu search based on flood reports and observed data for six flood-prone districts in central Taipei. The results show that optimum rainfall thresholds can be efficiently determined through tabu search and the accuracy of the issued flood warnings can be significantly improved.

scholarly journals Migraine and other headaches in transient ischemic attacks

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3S) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
E. R. Lebedeva ◽  
N. M. Gurary ◽  
J. Olesen
Keyword(s):  
Tension Headache ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Neurological Dysfunction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Transient Ischemic Attacks ◽  
New Type ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

Headache is a common symptom in acute cerebrovascular diseases; however, no studies have evaluated the prevalence of specific headache types in patients with transient ischemic attacks (ТIАs).Objective: to analyze all headaches within the last year and the last week before and during ТIАs.Patients and methods. TIA patients included in the study (female 55% (n=120); mean age, 56.1 years) according to the existing definition of TIAs had a transient neurological dysfunction episode caused by focal brain damage or retinal ischemia for up to 24 hours without forming a new acute heart attack on diffusion-weighted MRI (n=112) or CT (n=8). All the patients were examined by one neurologist within one day after their admission. Patients (female 64% (n=192); mean age, 58.7 years) who had been admitted with a diagnosis of lumbago, lumbar spine osteochondrosis, or gastrointestinal ulcer were examined as a control group. A clinical semistructured face-to-face interview with the patients of both groups was carried out to analyze headache.Results and discussion. The prevalence of migraine without aura during one year before TIA was substantially higher in patients with TIA than in control ones: 20.8 and 7.8%, respectively (p=0.002). Twenty-two (18.3%) patients had sentinel or warning headache within the last week before a TIA that manifested as an increase in and greater frequency of previous headache, as lack of effect of painkillers, and as the emergence of a new type of headaches, which were previously absent. During TIAs, 16 (13.3%) patients developed a new type of headache. Twelve of these 16 patients had migraine-like headache; three patients had headache resembling tension headache; one patient had a thunderclap headache. None of the control patients was found to have a new type of headache. TIAs were significantly more common in the vertebrobasilar basin than in the carotid artery one in patients with headache during the last week before and during TIA.Conclusion. The one year prevalence of migraine was significantly higher in ТIА patients than in control patients, and so was the prevalence of headache within the last week before and during TIA. Migraine-like headache prevailed among the new types of headaches in the development of TIA. A previous headache with a change in characteristics and a new type of headache can be predictors for TIA. 

scholarly journals Rainfall thresholds and flood warning: an operative case study

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Montesarchio ◽  
F. Lombardo ◽  
F. Napolitano
Keyword(s):  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Rainfall Threshold ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Rainfall Thresholds ◽  
Flood Warning ◽  
Operative Case ◽  
Critical Discharge ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Abstract. An operative methodology for rainfall thresholds definition is illustrated, in order to provide at critical river section optimal flood warnings. Threshold overcoming could produce a critical situation in river sites exposed to alluvial risk and trigger the prevention and emergency system alert. The procedure for the definition of critical rainfall threshold values is based both on the quantitative precipitation observed and the hydrological response of the basin. Thresholds values specify the precipitation amount for a given duration that generates a critical discharge in a given cross section and are estimated by hydrological modelling for several scenarios (e.g.: modifying the soil moisture conditions). Some preliminary results, in terms of reliability analysis (presence of false alarms and missed alarms, evaluated using indicators like hit rate and false alarm rate) for the case study of Mignone River are presented.

scholarly journals Landslides in the Mountain Region of Rio de Janeiro: A Proposal for the Semi-Automated Definition of Multiple Rainfall Thresholds

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ascanio Rosi ◽  
Vanessa Canavesi ◽  
Samuele Segoni ◽  
Tulius Dias Nery ◽  
Filippo Catani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Rainfall Thresholds ◽  
One Year ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Very High ◽  
Rain Data ◽  
Janeiro State ◽  
Heavy Rainfalls

In 2011 Brazil experienced the worst disaster in the country’s history. There were 918 deaths and thousands made homeless in the mountainous region of Rio de Janeiro State due to several landslides triggered by heavy rainfalls. This area constantly suffers high volumes of rain and episodes of landslides. Due to these experiences, we used the MaCumBa (Massive CUMulative Brisk Analyser) software to identify rainfall intensity–duration thresholds capable of triggering landslides in the most affected municipalities of this region. More than 3000 landslides and rain data from a 10-year long dataset were used to define the thresholds and one year was used to validate the results. In this work, a set of three thresholds capable of defining increasing alert levels (moderate, high and very high) has been defined for each municipality. Results show that such thresholds may be used for early alerts. In the future, the same methodology can be replicated to other Brazilian municipalities with different datasets, leading to more accurate warning systems.

Resources: Internet Resources for the Independent Medical Evaluator – 2007

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Brigham ◽  
Jenny Walker
Keyword(s):  
Head Trauma ◽  
Clonic Seizure ◽  
Acute Subdural Hematoma ◽  
Orbital Fracture ◽  
Orbital Wall ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Neurological Injuries ◽  
Medial Orbital Wall

Abstract Rating patients with head trauma and multiple neurological injuries can be challenging. The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Fifth Edition, Section 13.2, Criteria for Rating Impairment Due to Central Nervous System Disorders, outlines the process to rate impairment due to head trauma. This article summarizes the case of a 57-year-old male security guard who presents with headache, decreased sensation on the left cheek, loss of sense of smell, and problems with memory, among other symptoms. One year ago the patient was assaulted while on the job: his Glasgow Coma Score was 14; he had left periorbital ecchymosis and a 2.5 cm laceration over the left eyelid; a small right temporoparietal acute subdural hematoma; left inferior and medial orbital wall fractures; and, four hours after admission to the hospital, he experienced a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. This patient's impairment must include the following components: single seizure, orbital fracture, infraorbital neuropathy, anosmia, headache, and memory complaints. The article shows how the ratable impairments are combined using the Combining Impairment Ratings section. Because this patient has not experienced any seizures since the first occurrence, according to the AMA Guides he is not experiencing the “episodic neurological impairments” required for disability. Complex cases such as the one presented here highlight the need to use the criteria and estimates that are located in several sections of the AMA Guides.

Catheter-directed foam sclerotherapy treatment of saphenous vein incompetence

VASA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asciutto ◽  
Lindblad
Keyword(s):  
Saphenous Vein ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Foam Sclerotherapy ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Ulcer Healing Rate ◽  
Complete Obliteration ◽  
Ceap Classification ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

Background: The aim of this study is to report the short-term results of catheter-directed foam sclerotherapy (CDFS) in the treatment of axial saphenous vein incompetence. Patients and methods: Data of all patients undergoing CDFS for symptomatic primary incompetence of the great or small saphenous vein were prospectively collected. Treatment results in terms of occlusion rate and patients’ grade of satisfaction were analysed. All successfully treated patients underwent clinical and duplex follow-up examinations one year postoperatively. Results: Between September 2006 and September 2010, 357 limbs (337 patients) were treated with CDFS at our institution. Based on the CEAP classification, 64 were allocated to clinical class C3 , 128 to class C4, 102 to class C5 and 63 to class C6. Of the 188 patients who completed the one year follow up examination, 67 % had a complete and 14 % a near complete obliteration of the treated vessel. An ulcer-healing rate of 54 % was detected. 92 % of the patients were satisfied with the results of treatment. We registered six cases of thrombophlebitis and two cases of venous thromboembolism, all requiring treatment. Conclusions: The short-term results of CDFS in patients with axial vein incompetence are acceptable in terms of occlusion and complications rates.

Understanding functional illiteracy from a policy, adult education, and cognition point of view: Towards a joint referent framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-122
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Bulajić ◽  
Miomir Despotović ◽  
Thomas Lachmann
Keyword(s):  
Adult Education ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Functional Illiteracy ◽  
Scale Levels ◽  
Components Of Reading ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract. The article discusses the emergence of a functional literacy construct and the rediscovery of illiteracy in industrialized countries during the second half of the 20th century. It offers a short explanation of how the construct evolved over time. In addition, it explores how functional (il)literacy is conceived differently by research discourses of cognitive and neural studies, on the one hand, and by prescriptive and normative international policy documents and adult education, on the other hand. Furthermore, it analyses how literacy skills surveys such as the Level One Study (leo.) or the PIAAC may help to bridge the gap between cognitive and more practical and educational approaches to literacy, the goal being to place the functional illiteracy (FI) construct within its existing scale levels. It also sheds more light on the way in which FI can be perceived in terms of different cognitive processes and underlying components of reading. By building on the previous work of other authors and previous definitions, the article brings together different views of FI and offers a perspective for a needed operational definition of the concept, which would be an appropriate reference point for future educational, political, and scientific utilization.

Regional household poverty and mobility analysis – a transition probability approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-302
Author(s):  
Damian Mowczan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Probability ◽  
General Level ◽  
Transition Matrices ◽  
Equivalent Unit ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Probability Matrices ◽  
General Mobility ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

The main objective of this paper was to estimate and analyse transition-probability matrices for all 16 of Poland’s NUTS-2 level regions (voivodeship level). The analysis is conducted in terms of the transitions among six expenditure classes (per capita and per equivalent unit), focusing on poverty classes. The period of analysis was two years: 2015 and 2016. The basic aim was to identify both those regions in which the probability of staying in poverty was the highest and the general level of mobility among expenditure classes. The study uses a two-year panel sub-sample of unidentified unit data from the Central Statistical Office (CSO), specifically the data concerning household budget surveys. To account for differences in household size and demographic structure, the study used expenditures per capita and expenditures per equivalent unit simultaneously. To estimate the elements of the transition matrices, a classic maximum-likelihood estimator was used. The analysis used Shorrocks’ and Bartholomew’s mobility indices to assess the general mobility level and the Gini index to assess the inequality level. The results show that the one-year probability of staying in the same poverty class varies among regions and is lower for expenditures per equivalent units. The highest probabilities were identified in Podkarpackie (expenditures per capita) and Opolskie (expenditures per equivalent unit), and the lowest probabilities in Kujawsko-Pomorskie (expenditures per capita) and Małopolskie (expenditures per equivalent unit). The highest level of general mobility was noted in Małopolskie, for both categories of expenditures.

From Scarcity to Abundance: Achieving Quality-Assured Mass Higher Education

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter P. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Secondary System ◽  
Mass Higher Education ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

The United States is in a bind. On the one hand, we need millions of additional citizens with at least one year of successful post-secondary experience to adapt to the knowledge economy. Both the Gates and Lumina Foundations, and our President, have championed this goal in different ways. On the other hand, we have a post-secondary system that is trapped between rising costs and stagnant effectiveness, seemingly unable to respond effectively to this challenge. This paper analyzes several aspects of this problem, describes changes in the society that create the basis for solutions, and offers several examples from Kaplan University of emerging practice that suggests what good practice might look like in a world where quality-assured mass higher education is the norm.

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