scholarly journals Reviews and syntheses: influences of landscape structure and land uses on local to regional climate and air quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 2369-2408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raia Silvia Massad ◽  
Juliette Lathière ◽  
Susanna Strada ◽  
Mathieu Perrin ◽  
Erwan Personne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Radiative Energy ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
Physical Chemical

Abstract. The atmosphere and the land surface interact in multiple ways, for instance through the radiative-energy balance, the water cycle or the emission and deposition of natural and anthropogenic compounds. By modifying the land surface, land use and land cover changes (LULCCs) and land management changes (LMCs) alter the physical, chemical, and biological processes of the biosphere and therefore all land–atmosphere interactions, from local to global scales. Through socio-economic drivers and regulatory policies adopted at different levels (local, regional, national, or supranational), human activities strongly interfere in the land–atmosphere interactions, and those activities lead to a patchwork of natural, semi-natural, agricultural, urban, and semi-urban areas. In this context, urban and peri-urban areas, which have a high population density, are of particular attention since land transformation can lead to important environmental impacts and affect the health and life of millions of people. The objectives of this review are to synthesize the existing experimental and modelling works that investigate physical, chemical, and/or biogeochemical interactions between land surfaces and the atmosphere, therefore potentially impacting local/regional climate and air quality, mainly in urban or peri-urban landscapes at regional and local scales. The conclusions we draw from our synthesis are the following. (1) The adequate temporal and spatial description of land use and land management practices (e.g. areas concerned, type of crops, whether or not they are irrigated, quantity of fertilizers used and actual seasonality of application) necessary for including the effects of LMC in global and even more in regional climate models is inexistent (or very poor). Not taking into account these characteristics may bias the regional projections used for impact studies. (2) Land–atmosphere interactions are often specific to the case study analysed; therefore, one can hardly propose general solutions or recommendations. (3) Adaptation strategies, proposed after climatic impacts on the targeted resource have been derived, are often biased as they do not account for feedbacks on local/regional climate. (4) There is space for considering atmospheric chemistry, through land–atmosphere interactions, as a factor for land management, helping to maintain air quality and supporting ecosystem functioning. (5) There is a lack of an integrated tool, which includes the many different processes of importance in an operational model, to test different land use or land management scenarios at the scale of a territory.

scholarly journals Reviews and syntheses: Influences of landscape structure and land uses on local to regional climate and air quality

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raia Silvia Massad ◽  
Juliette Lathiére ◽  
Mathieu Perrin ◽  
Erwan Personne ◽  
Marc Stefanon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Radiative Energy ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
Physical Chemical

Abstract. The atmosphere and the land surface interact in multiple ways, for instance though the radiative-energy balance, the water cycle or the emission-deposition of natural and anthropogenic compounds. By modifying the land surface, land-use and land-cover changes (LULCCs) and land management changes (LMCs) alter the physical, chemical and biological processes of the biosphere and therefore all land-atmosphere interactions, from local to global scales. Through socio-economic drivers and regulatory policies adopted at different levels (local, regional, national or supranational), human activities strongly interfere in the land-atmosphere interactions, at those activities lead to a patchwork of natural, semi-natural, agricultural, urban and semi-urban areas. In this context, urban and peri-urban areas are of particular attention since land transformation can lead to important environmental impacts and affect the health and life of millions of people. The objectives of this review is to synthesize the existing experimental and modelling works that investigate physical, chemical and/or biogeochemical interactions between land surface and the atmosphere mainly in urban or peri-urban landscapes at regional and local scales. In the context of LULCCs, the importance of land-atmosphere interactions for climate and air quality have been analysed in many studies published over the last years, with a large range of spatial and temporal scales investigated. The conclusions from such a synthesis is first that (i) the description of land-use and land-management (e.g. areas concerned, type of crops, whether or not they are irrigated, quantity of fertilizers used and actual seasonality of application), including surface properties and emission sources, is inexistent (or very poor) in global and even more in regional climate models. Not taking into account these characteristics may bias the regional projections used for impact studies. (ii) Land-atmosphere interactions are often specific to the case study analysed; therefore, in this perspective, one can hardly propose general solutions or recommendations. (iii) Adaptation strategies, proposed after the evaluation of climatic impacts on the targeted resource have been derived, but are often biased as they do not account for feedbacks on local/regional climate. (iv) There is space for considering atmospheric chemistry, through land-atmosphere interactions, as a decision parameter for land-management, helping to maintain air quality and supporting ecosystem functioning. (v) There is a lack of an integrated tool, which includes the many different processes of importance in an operational model, to test different land use or land management scenarios at the scale of a territory.

scholarly journals The regional impact of urban emissions on air quality in Europe: the role of the urban canopy effects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Huszar ◽  
Jan Karlický ◽  
Jana Marková ◽  
Tereza Nováková ◽  
Marina Liaskoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Urban Canopy ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Urban Emissions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Urban areas are hot-spots of intense emissions and they influence air-quality not only locally but on regional or even global scales. The impact of urban emissions over different scales depends on the dilution and chemical transformation of the urban plumes which are governed by the local and regional scale meteorological conditions. These are influenced by the presence of urbanized land-surface via the so called urban canopy meteorological forcing (UCMF). In this study, we investigate for selected central European cities (Berlin, Budapest, Munich, Prague, Vienna and Warsaw), how the urban emission impact (UEI) is modulated by the UCMF for present day climate conditions (2015–2016) using three regional climate-chemistry models: the regional climate models RegCM and WRF-Chem (its meteorological part), the chemistry transport model CAMx coupled to either RegCM and WRF and the “chemical” component of WRF-Chem. The UCMF was calculated by replacing the urbanized surface by rural one while the UEI was estimated by removing all anthropogenic emissions from the selected cities. We analyzed the urban emissions induced changes of near surface concentrations of NO2, O3 and PM2.5. We found increases of NO2 and PM2.5 concentrations over cities by 4–6 ppbv, and 4–6 μgm−3, respectively meaning that about 40–60 % and 20–40 % of urban concentrations of NO2 and PM2.5 are caused by local emissions and the rest is the result of emissions from surrounding rural areas. We showed that if UCMF is included, the UEI of these pollutants is about 40–60 % smaller, or in other words, the urban emission impact is overestimated if urban canopy effects are not taken into account. In case of ozone, models due to UEI usually predict decreases around −2 to −4 ppbv (about 10–20 %), which is again smaller if UCMF is considered (by about 60 %). We further showed that the impact on extreme (95th percentile) air-pollution is much stronger, as well as the modulation of UEI is larger for such situations. Finally, we evaluated the contribution of the urbanization induced modifications of vertical eddy-diffusion to the modulation of UEI, and found that it alone is able to explain the modelled decrease of the urban emission impact if the effects of UCMF are considered. In summary, our results showed that the meteorological changes resulting from urbanization have to be included in regional model studies if they intend to quantify the regional fingerprint of urban emissions. Ignoring these meteorological changes can lead to strong overestimation of UEI.

scholarly journals Inter-comparison of two land-surface models applied at different scales and their feedbacks while coupled with a regional climate model

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 1017-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Zabel ◽  
W. Mauser ◽  
T. Marke ◽  
A. Pfeiffer ◽  
G. Zängl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Net Radiation ◽  
Land Surface Models ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Temporal Behaviour ◽  
Surface Models ◽  
The Alps

Abstract. Downstream models are often used in order to study regional impacts of climate and climate change on the land surface. For this purpose, they are usually driven offline (i.e., 1-way) with results from regional climate models (RCMs). However, the offline approach does not allow for feedbacks between these models. Thereby, the land surface of the downstream model is usually completely different to the land surface which is used within the RCM. Thus, this study aims at investigating the inconsistencies that arise when driving a downstream model offline instead of interactively coupled with the RCM, due to different feedbacks from the use of different land surface models (LSM). Therefore, two physically based LSMs which developed from different disciplinary backgrounds are compared in our study: while the NOAH-LSM was developed for the use within RCMs, PROMET was originally developed to answer hydrological questions on the local to regional scale. Thereby, the models use different physical formulations on different spatial scales and different parameterizations of the same land surface processes that lead to inconsistencies when driving PROMET offline with RCM output. Processes that contribute to these inconsistencies are, as described in this study, net radiation due to land use related albedo and emissivity differences, the redistribution of this net radiation over sensible and latent heat, for example, due to different assumptions about land use impermeability or soil hydraulic reasons caused by different plant and soil parameterizations. As a result, simulated evapotranspiration, e.g., shows considerable differences of max. 280 mm yr−1. For a full interactive coupling (i.e., 2-way) between PROMET and the atmospheric part of the RCM, PROMET returns the land surface energy fluxes to the RCM and, thus, provides the lower boundary conditions for the RCM subsequently. Accordingly, the RCM responses to the replacement of the LSM with overall increased annual mean near surface air temperature (+1 K) and less annual precipitation (−56 mm) with different spatial and temporal behaviour. Finally, feedbacks can set up positive and negative effects on simulated evapotranspiration, resulting in a decrease of evapotranspiration South of the Alps a moderate increase North of the Alps. The inconsistencies are quantified and account for up to 30% from July to Semptember when focused to an area around Milan, Italy.

scholarly journals PARAMETERS OF INTEREST FOR THE DESIGN OF GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE

2019 ◽  
pp. 92-101
Author(s):  
Marija Šperac ◽  
Dino Obradović
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Land Surfaces ◽  
Selection Of

The urbanization process significantly reduced the permeability of land surfaces, which affected the changes of runoff characteristics and the relations in the hydrological cycle. In urban environments, the relationships within the hydrological cycle have changed in quantity, in particular: precipitation, air temperature, evaporation, and infiltration. By applying the green infrastructure (GI) to urban environments is beneficial for the water resources and the social community. GI has an effect on the improvement of ecological, economic, and social conditions. Using GI into urban areas increases the permeability of land surfaces, whereby decreasing surface runoff, and thus the frequency of urban floods. It also has a significant influence on the regulation of air quality, water purification, climate change impact, and the changes in the appearance of the urban environment. When planning and designing the GI, it is necessary to identify the type of GI and determine the size and location of the selected GI. Since each urban environment has its own characteristics, it is necessary to analyze them before deciding on the GI. The paper analyzed meteorological parameters (precipitation, air temperature, insolation, air humidity) affecting the selection of GI types, using the specific example of an urban environment – the City of Osijek, Croatia. Significant parameters when designing GI are operation and maintenance These parameters directly affect the efficiency of GI. The proper selection of GI and its location results in maximum gains: the reduction of land surface drainage - drainage of the sewage system, purification and retention of precipitation at the place of production, the improvement of air quality, and the improvement of living conditions in urban environments

scholarly journals IMPACT OF LAND USE AND LAND USE HISTORY ON FRUITS PRODUCTION OF VITELLARIA PARADOXA (SHEA TREE) ACCORDING TO AGROCLIMATIC ZONES IN MALI (WEST AFRICA)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Site Effect ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Land Use History ◽  
The North ◽  
Sudanian Zone ◽  
Agroclimatic Zones

To understand how various factors influence phenological patterns like fruit production and the extent of phenological variability as survival strategy in different environments, fruit production of shea trees was studied in different agroclimatic zones (North Sudanian, South Sudanian and North Guinean) in Mali. Three sites were selected for this study and in each site; two stands (field and fallow) were concerned. For each stand, three “land use history or land management" i.e. new fields/fallows (1-5 years), medium (6-10 years) and old (10 years) were considered and permanent plots of 0.25 ha were established. 60 adult shea trees (DBH) ≥ 10 cm) were selected by site and monitored for fruit production assessment. The nested analysis of variance on the yield showed a significant site effect and significant effect of land use history within stand. However, stand effect within site was not significant. Factors like site and land management (land use history) appear to be determinant for fruit production of V. paradoxa. The site of Mperesso in the South Sudanian zone showed the highest fruit mean yield (11 kg/tree), significantly higher than the fruit mean yield observed at Daelan (7 kg/tree) in the North Sudanian zone and that observed at Nafégué (6 kg/tree) in the North Guinean zone. For field stand, old fields showed highest mean yield in all sites. For fallow stand, old fallows showed the lowest mean yield in most of cases. Different pattern was observed between field and fallow stands regarding the effect of land management. More fields are aged, more they influence positively fruit production whereas more fallows are aged, and more they influence negatively fruit production. This study highlighted the importance of land management practices and therefore, any domestication program to be successful should consider the potential effect of management practices.

scholarly journals Impact of Multitemporal Land Use and Land Cover Change on Land Surface Temperature Due to Urbanization in Hefei City, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 809
Author(s):  
Jing Sun ◽  
Suwit Ongsomwang
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Lulc Change ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Impact

Land surface temperature (LST) is an essential parameter in the climate system whose dynamics indicate climate change. This study aimed to assess the impact of multitemporal land use and land cover (LULC) change on LST due to urbanization in Hefei City, Anhui Province, China. The research methodology consisted of four main components: Landsat data collection and preparation; multitemporal LULC classification; time-series LST dataset reconstruction; and impact of multitemporal LULC change on LST. The results revealed that urban and built-up land continuously increased from 2.05% in 2001 to 13.25% in 2020. Regarding the impact of LULC change on LST, the spatial analysis demonstrated that the LST difference between urban and non-urban areas had been 1.52 K, 3.38 K, 2.88 K and 3.57 K in 2001, 2006, 2014 and 2020, respectively. Meanwhile, according to decomposition analysis, regarding the influence of LULC change on LST, the urban and built-up land had an intra-annual amplitude of 20.42 K higher than other types. Thus, it can be reconfirmed that land use and land cover changes due to urbanization in Hefei City impact the land surface temperature.

scholarly journals Effects of land use and sustainable land management practices on runoff and soil loss in the Upper Blue Nile basin, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 648 ◽  
pp. 1462-1475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kindiye Ebabu ◽  
Atsushi Tsunekawa ◽  
Nigussie Haregeweyn ◽  
Enyew Adgo ◽  
Derege Tsegaye Meshesha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Sustainable Land Management ◽  
Nile Basin ◽  
Blue Nile ◽  
Blue Nile Basin ◽  
Runoff And Soil Loss ◽  
Effects Of Land Use

scholarly journals Baseline-Dependent Responses of Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics to Climate and Land Disturbances

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengxi Tan ◽  
Shuguang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Realistic Option ◽  
Managed Ecosystems ◽  
Land Use And Management

Terrestrial carbon (C) sequestration through optimizing land use and management is widely considered a realistic option to mitigate the global greenhouse effect. But how the responses of individual ecosystems to changes in land use and management are related to baseline soil organic C (SOC) levels still needs to be evaluated at various scales. In this study, we modeled SOC dynamics within both natural and managed ecosystems in North Dakota of the United States and found that the average SOC stock in the top 20 cm depth of soil lost at a rate of 450 kg C ha−1 yr−1in cropland and 110 kg C ha−1 yr−1in grassland between 1971 and 1998. Since 1998, the study area had become a SOC sink at a rate of 44 kg C ha−1 yr−1. The annual rate of SOC change in all types of lands substantially depends on the magnitude of initial SOC contents, but such dependency varies more with climatic variables within natural ecosystems and with management practices within managed ecosystems. Additionally, soils with high baseline SOC stocks tend to be C sources following any land surface disturbances, whereas soils having low baseline C contents likely become C sinks following conservation management.

Changes in Land Use Influenced by Anthropogenic Activity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lang Wang ◽  
Zong-Liang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Management Actions

The terms “land cover” and “land use” are often used interchangeably, although they have different meanings. Land cover is the biophysical material at the surface of the Earth, whereas land use refers to how people use the land surface. Land use concerns the resources of the land, their products, and benefits, in addition to land management actions and activities. The history of changes in land use has passed through several major stages driven by developments in science and technology and demands for food, fiber, energy, and shelter. Modern changes in land use have been increasingly affected by anthropogenic activities at a scale and magnitude that have not been seen. These changes in land use are largely driven by population growth, urban expansion, increasing demands for energy and food, changes in diets and lifestyles, and changing socioeconomic conditions. About 70% of the Earth’s ice-free land surface has been altered by changes in land use, and these changes have had environmental impacts worldwide, ranging from effects on the composition of the Earth’s atmosphere and climate to the extensive modification of terrestrial ecosystems, habitats, and biodiversity. A number of different methods have been developed give a thorough understanding of these changes in land use and the multiple effects and feedbacks involved. Earth system observations and models are examples of two crucial technologies, although there are considerable uncertainties in both techniques. Cross-disciplinary collaborations are highly desirable in future studies of land use and management. The goals of mitigating climate change and maintaining sustainability should always be considered before implementing any new land management strategies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document