scholarly journals Global patterns of leaf nutrient resorption in herbaceous plants

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Wang ◽  
Zhexuan Fan ◽  
Qi Zhao ◽  
Jinzhi Ran ◽  
Karl J. Niklas
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Plant Ecology ◽  
Nutrient Resorption ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Herbaceous Species ◽  
Resorption Efficiency

Abstract. Nutrient resorption plays an important role in plant ecology because it plays a key role in nutrient conservation strategies of plants. However, our current knowledge about the patterns of nutrient resorption among herbaceous species at a global scale is still inadequate. Here, we present a meta-analysis using a global dataset of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) resorption efficiency spanning 521 observations and 248 herbaceous species. This analysis shows that the N resorption efficiency (NRE) and P resorption efficiency (PRE) across all herbaceous plant groups are 54.7 % and 64.5 %, respectively. Across all species, NRE, PRE and N : P resorption ratios (NRE : PRE) vary statistically significantly at a global scale, i.e., NRE, PRE and NRE : PRE increase with increasing latitude but decrease with increasing mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP). For different functional groups, similar patterns of NRE, PRE and NRE : PRE with respect to latitude, MAT and MAP are observed. Our study are very important complementary to global-scale studies of nutrient resorption and also can inform attempts to model biogeochemical cycling at a global scale.

scholarly journals Nutrient resorption strategies of three oak tree species in response to interannual climate variability

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoming Du ◽  
Huawei Ji ◽  
Shirong Liu ◽  
Hongzhang Kang ◽  
Shan Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Nutrient Resorption ◽  
Central China ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Climate Variations ◽  
Resorption Efficiency ◽  
Oak Tree ◽  
Warm Temperate Forest ◽  
Interannual Climate Variability ◽  
Nutrient Conservation

Abstract Background Nutrient resorption is critical for plants toward balancing their nutritional requirements and adapting to environmental variabilities, which further impacts litter quality and nutrient cycling. However, the interannual variability of nutrient resorption under climate change remains unclear. Methods We investigated the five-year nutrient resorption efficiencies (NuRE, %) of 14 elements in three deciduous oak tree species (Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata, Q. glandulifera, and Q. variabilis) in a warm-temperate forest of Central China and assessed their relationships with interannual climate and soil factors. Results Nutrient resorption did not differ between species but varied significantly between different years. For each year, N, P, S, K, C, Mg, and Zn were preferentially resorbed in all of the oak species in contrast to Ca, Na, Mn, Ba, Al, Fe, Cu, which were to some extent discriminated. Among the 14 elements, the NuRE of C, N, P, S, Ca, and Mg was more sensitive to interannual climate variations in the three oak species. The carbon resorption efficiency was significantly increased during the driest year of the study (2014); N resorption efficiency was reduced with temperature; whereas N and P resorption efficiency initially decreased and then increased with precipitation. Moreover, the elements with higher NuREs typically had lower coefficient of variation (CV) in all three oak species. Conclusions Different oak species exhibited analogous nutrient conservation strategies in response to annual climate variabilities, and interannual climate variations strongly impacted plant nutrient resorption. Deciduous plants may establish a tradeoff mechanism to rebalance somatic nutrients for regrowth at the end of the growing season.

Foliar physiognomic climate estimates for the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian–Turonian) Lark Quarry fossil flora, central-western Queensland, Australia

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara L. Fletcher ◽  
Patrick T. Moss ◽  
Steven W. Salisbury
Keyword(s):  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Fossil Flora ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Leaf Margin ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Growth Season ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Leaf Analysis

Although there is a broad knowledge of Cretaceous climate on a global scale, quantitative climate estimates for terrestrial localities are limited. One source of terrestrial palaeoproxies is foliar physiognomy. The use of foliar physiognomy to explore Cretaceous assemblages has been limited, and some of its potential sources of error have not been fully explored. Although museum collections house a wealth of material, collection bias toward particular taxa or preservation qualities of specimens further magnifies existing taphonomic bias to cold temperatures. As a result, specific collection for foliar physiognomy can be necessary. Here, we conduct three foliar physiognomic analyses on the early Late Cretaceous Lark Quarry flora and assess the results in the context of other proxies from the same formation. Our results suggest that the climate at the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary in central western Queensland was warm and had high precipitation (leaf-area analysis: 1321 mm + 413 mm – 315 mm mean annual precipitation; leaf-margin analysis: 16.4°C mean annual temperature, 5.3°C binomial sample error; climate leaf-analysis multivariate program: 16 ± 2°C for mean annual temperature, 9-month growth season, 1073 ± 483 mm growth-season precipitation). Our analysis also gave higher mean annual temperature estimates than did a previous analysis by climate leaf-analysis multivariate program, based on museum collections for the Winton Formation.

scholarly journals The spatial patterns of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of seed plants with the climate factors across Ethiopia and Eritrea

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biyansa H. Boru ◽  
Shengwei Wang ◽  
Antony W. Njogu ◽  
Anne C. Ochola ◽  
Haiping Xin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Clustering Patterns ◽  
Evolutionary Perspectives

Abstract Back ground: Biodiversity is the basic units and measures of the health of ecosystems that provide diverse goods and services for the well-being of human societies and other life forms. However, in this era due to the threats from climatic change and other human-driven environmental changes the earth’s biodiversity is in a grave danger in the world wide. Here, we explored and mapped how the patterns of plant taxonomic diversity, phylogenetic diversity and structures vary across the geographical regions and with respect to environmental factors in Ethiopia and Eritrea in the horn of Africa by using different analyzing methods and diversity measuring indices for the same reasons.Results: Our analysis showed varied spatial distribution patterns of plant diversity across the region and with the gradients of climatic factors. While the central and southern highland parts of Ethiopia were found to be the primary centers of taxonomic diversity, the centers with higher phylogenetic diversity were found scattered in the region. The phylogenetic structures also vary greatly. About 70% of the floristic compositions in the region showed phylogenetically clustering patterns. Significant and different relationships were observed between the climatic variables and plant diversity and phylogenetic structures. Generally mean annual temperature were found to negatively and mean annual precipitation and elevational range have a positively impact the patterns of plant diversity in the region while variable patterns were observed among different plant growth forms. The phylogenetic structure patterns of woody and herbaceous plant groups in terms of NTI were found to be differently impacted by environmental factors.Conclusions: The patterns of plant diversity both from taxonomic and evolutionary perspectives vary greatly across the geographic and with climatic gradients in Ethiopia and Eritrea. Phylogenetic clustering patterns dominate the floristic compositions assembly in the region though considerable areas were found with floristics of phylogenetically overdispersing patterns. The patterns observed from evolutionary perspectives can provide more crucial information for conservation plans. It provide insights that enable the areas with high phylogenetic diversity and phylogenetically overdispersing assemblages to gain as much conservation attention as that of areas with high taxonomic diversity, given their species richness.

scholarly journals Assessing Terrestrial Ecosystem Resilience using Satellite Leaf Area Index

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 595
Author(s):  
Jinhui Wu ◽  
Shunlin Liang
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Ecosystem Resilience ◽  
Area Index

Quantitative approaches to measuring and assessing terrestrial ecosystem resilience, which expresses the ability of an ecosystem to recover from disturbances without shifting to an alternative state or losing function and services, is critical and essential to forecasting how terrestrial ecosystems will respond to global change. However, global and continuous terrestrial resilience measurement is fraught with difficulty, and the corresponding attribution of resilience dynamics is lacking in the literature. In this study, we assessed global terrestrial ecosystem resilience based on the long time-series GLASS LAI product and GIMMS AVHRR LAI 3g product, and validated the results using drought and fire events as the main disturbance indicators. We also analyzed the spatial and temporal variations of global terrestrial ecosystem resilience and attributed their dynamics to climate change and environmental factors. The results showed that arid and semiarid areas exhibited low resilience. We found that evergreen broadleaf forest exhibited the highest resilience (mean resilience value (from GLASS LAI): 0.6). On a global scale, the increase of mean annual precipitation had a positive impact on terrestrial resilience enhancement, while we found no consistent relationships between mean annual temperature and terrestrial resilience. For terrestrial resilience dynamics, we observed three dramatic raises of disturbance frequency in 1989, 1995, and 2001, respectively, along with three significant drops in resilience correspondingly. Our study mapped continuous spatiotemporal variation and captured interannual variations in terrestrial ecosystem resilience. This study demonstrates that remote sensing data are effective for monitoring terrestrial resilience for global ecosystem assessment.

scholarly journals Nutrient Resorption Strategies of Three Oak Tree Species in Response to Interannual Climate Variability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoming Du ◽  
Huawei Ji ◽  
Shirong Liu ◽  
Hongzhang Kang ◽  
Shan Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Nutrient Resorption ◽  
Central China ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Resorption Efficiency ◽  
Acid Protein ◽  
Oak Tree ◽  
Warm Temperate Forest ◽  
Interannual Climate Variability

Abstract Background：Nutrient resorption is critical for plants toward balancing their nutritional requirements and adapting to environmental variabilities, which further impacts litter quality and nutrient cycling. However, the interannual variability of nutrient resorption under climate change remains unclear.Methods: We investigated the five-year nutrient resorption efficiencies (NuRE, %) of 14 elements in three deciduous oak tree species, Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata, Q. glandulifera, and Q. variabilis species in a warm-temperate forest of Central China, and assessed their relationships with interannual climate and soil factors. Results：Nutrient resorption did not differ between species but varied significantly between different years. For each year, nucleic acid-protein elements (N, P, S, and K) were preferentially resorbed in all of the oak species in contrast to photosynthesis-enzymic (C, Mg, and Zn) and structural (Ca, Na, Mn, and Ba) elements, which were to some extent discriminated, and toxic (Al and Fe) elements that were completely excluded. Among the 14 elements, the NuRE of N, P, S, Ca, and Mg was closely associated with interannual climate in the three oak species, showing N and S resorption efficiency were reduced with temperature, while N, P, and S resorption efficiency initially decreased and then increased with precipitation. Moreover, the elemental coefficient variations between different years generally decreased with higher NuREs in all three oak species.Conclusions: Different oak species have analogous nutrient conservation strategies in response to annual climate variability, and interannual climate variations strongly impacted plant nutrient resorption. Deciduous plants may establish a trade-off mechanism to rebalance somatic nutrients for regrowth at the end of growing season.

Nutrient resorption and stoichiometric responses of poplar (Populus deltoids) plantations to N addition in a coastal region of eastern China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalong Jiang ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
Qinghong Geng ◽  
Menghua Zhang ◽  
Chonghua Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern China ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Nutrient Resorption ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Resorption Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Resorption Efficiency ◽  
Poplar Plantations ◽  
Populus Deltoids

Abstract Aims Leaf nutrient resorption is sensitive to changes in soil nutrients. However, the effects of N deposition on nutrient resorption efficiency (NuRE) in plant macro-nutrients remain unclear. Poplar (Populus deltoids) is one of the most extensively cultivated hardwood species worldwide. We explored general patterns and dominant drivers of NuRE and stoichiometry of poplar plantations in response to N addition. Methods We conducted a 4-year N-addition experiment to explore NuRE and stoichiometric responses to N addition in two poplar (Populus deltoids) plantations (8- and 12-year-old stands) in a coastal region of eastern China. We measured soil and foliar (green and senesced leaves) concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) for a series of N addition treatments including N0 (0 kg N ha ‒1 yr ‒1), N1 (50 kg N ha ‒1 yr ‒1), N2 (100 kg N ha ‒1 yr ‒1), N3 (150 kg N ha ‒1 yr ‒1), and N4 (300 kg N ha ‒1 yr ‒1). Important Findings Consistent for (both) 8- and 12-year-old stands, N addition did not affect the NuRE and stoichiometry (with the exception of CaRE and CaRE:MgRE ratio). NRE-PRE scaling slopes were consistently less than 1.0 under N addition. These results suggest that NRE generally decouples from PRE within each N treatment. Moreover, these results point to robust control of green leaf nutritional status on nutrient resorption processes as indicated by the positive relationships between nutrient resorption efficiency and green leaf nutrient concentrations. Our findings provided a direct evidence that growth in 12-year-old poplar plantations was N-limited in a coastal region of eastern China.

Effects of defoliation timing on plant nutrient resorption and hay production in a semi-arid steppe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongrui Zhang ◽  
Frank Yonghong Li ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Lin Wu ◽  
Chunjun Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Nutrient Resorption ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Resorption Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Return ◽  
Peak Biomass ◽  
Arid Steppe ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract Aims Nutrient resorption is a key plant nutrient conservation strategy, and its response to environmental and management changes is linked to nutrient cycling and production of ecosystems. Defoliation is a major pathway of mowing affecting plant nutrient resorption and production in grasslands, while the effect of defoliation timing has not been unexplored. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of defoliation timing on plant nutrient resorption and production in a steppe ecosystem. Methods We conducted a field experiment in a semi-arid steppe of Inner Mongolia including four treatments: early defoliation, peak defoliation, late defoliation and non-defoliation. We measured plant nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) resorption at species and community levels, and quantified plant N and P fluxes in resorption, litter return and hay output. Plant production in the mowing system was assessed by hay production and quality. Important Findings Peak and late defoliation, but not early defoliation, reduced plant community N and P resorption proficiency (RP); and late defoliation reduced N resorption efficiency (RE) but not P resorption efficiency. Peak and late defoliation, but not early defoliation, reduced plant nutrient resorption flux and litter nutrient return flux. Defoliation timing did not alter root nutrient accumulation as nutrient uptake from soil likely compensated the deficit of nutrient resorption. Peak defoliation had the highest hay production and quality, while early defoliation had the lowest. Our results provide new insights into the nutrient cycling in mowing grassland, and imply that the mowing timing can be used as a tool to mediate the balance between conservation and production of steppes, and the early mowing before plant peak biomass period is recommended for conservation of the steppes while keeping sustainable pastoral production.

scholarly journals Biological and extrinsic correlates of extinction risk in Chinese lizards

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxi Zhong ◽  
Chuanwu Chen ◽  
Yanping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Habitat Specialization ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Extrinsic Factors

Abstract China is a country with one of the most species rich reptile faunas in the world. However, nearly a quarter of Chinese lizard species assessed by the China Biodiversity Red List are threatened. Nevertheless, to date, no study has explicitly examined the pattern and processes of extinction and threat in Chinese lizards. In this study, we conducted the first comparative phylogenetic analysis of extinction risk in Chinese lizards. We addressed the following three questions: 1) What is the pattern of extinction and threat in Chinese lizards? 2) Which species traits and extrinsic factors are related to their extinction risk? 3) How can we protect Chinese lizards based on our results? We collected data on ten species traits (body size, clutch size, geographic range size, activity time, reproductive mode, habitat specialization, habitat use, leg development, maximum elevation, and elevation range) and seven extrinsic factors (mean annual precipitation, mean annual temperature, mean annual solar insolation, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), human footprint, human population density, and human exploitation). After phylogenetic correction, these variables were used separately and in combination to assess their associations with extinction risk. We found that Chinese lizards with small geographic range, large body size, high habitat specialization, and living in high precipitation areas were vulnerable to extinction. Conservation priority should thus be given to species with the above extinction-prone traits so as to effectively protect Chinese lizards. Preventing future habitat destruction should also be a primary focus of management efforts because species with small range size and high habitat specialization are particularly vulnerable to habitat loss.

scholarly journals Loose Ends in the Cortinarius Phylogeny: Five New Myxotelamonoid Species Indicate a High Diversity of These Ectomycorrhizal Fungi with South American Nothofagaceae

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 420
Author(s):  
María Eugenia Salgado Salomón ◽  
Carolina Barroetaveña ◽  
Tuula Niskanen ◽  
Kare Liimatainen ◽  
Matthew E. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
South American ◽  
Edible Fungi ◽  
Rdna Its ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
High Diversity

This paper is a contribution to the current knowledge of taxonomy, ecology and distribution of South American Cortinarius (Pers.) Gray. Cortinarius is among the most widely distributed and species-rich basidiomycete genera occurring with South American Nothofagaceae and species are found in many distinct habitats, including shrublands and forests. Due to their ectomycorrhizal role, Cortinarius species are critical for nutrient cycling in forests, especially at higher latitudes. Some species have also been reported as edible fungi with high nutritional quality. Our aim is to unravel the taxonomy of selected Cortinarius belonging to phlegmacioid and myxotelamonioid species based on morphological and molecular data. After widely sampling Cortinarius specimens in Patagonian Nothofagaceae forests and comparing them to reference collections (including holotypes), we propose five new species of Cortinarius in this work. Phylogenetic analyses of concatenated rDNA ITS-LSU and RPB1 sequences failed to place these new species into known Cortinarius sections or lineages. These findings highlight our knowledge gaps regarding the fungal diversity of South American Nothofagaceae forests. Due to the high diversity of endemic Patagonian taxa, it is clear that the South American Cortinarius diversity needs to be discovered and described in order to understand the evolutionary history of Cortinarius on a global scale.

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