scholarly journals Combined effects of inorganic carbon and light on <i>Phaeocystis globosa</i> Scherffel (Prymnesiophyceae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1885-1896 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hoogstraten ◽  
M. Peters ◽  
K. R. Timmermans ◽  
H. J. W. de Baar
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Harmful Algal Bloom ◽  
High Light ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Phaeocystis Globosa ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
Dissolved Carbon

Abstract. Phaeocystis globosa (Prymnesiophyceae) is an ecologically dominating phytoplankton species in many areas around the world. It plays an important role in both the global sulfur and carbon cycles, by the production of dimethylsulfide (DMS) and the drawdown of inorganic carbon. Phaeocystis globosa has a polymorphic life cycle and is considered to be a harmful algal bloom (HAB) forming species. All these aspects make this an interesting species to study the effects of increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, due to anthropogenic carbon emissions. Here, the combined effects of three different dissolved carbon dioxide concentrations (CO2(aq)) (low: 4 μmol kg−1, intermediate: 6–10 μmol kg−1 and high CO2(aq): 21–24 μmol kg−1) and two different light intensities (low light, suboptimal: 80 μmol photons m−2 s−1 and high light, light saturated: 240 μmol photons m−2 s−1) are reported. The experiments demonstrated that the specific growth rate of P. globosa in the high light cultures decreased with increasing CO2(aq) from 1.4 to 1.1 d−1 in the low and high CO2 cultures, respectively. Concurrently, the photosynthetic efficiency (FV/FM) increased with increasing CO2(aq) from 0.56 to 0.66. The different light conditions affected photosynthetic efficiency and cellular chlorophyll a concentrations, both of which were lower in the high light cultures as compared to the low light cultures. These results suggest that in future inorganic carbon enriched oceans, P. globosa will become less competitive and feedback mechanisms to global change may decrease in strength.

scholarly journals Combined effects of inorganic carbon and light on <i>Phaeocystis globosa</i> Scherffel (Prymnesiophyceae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 12353-12380
Author(s):  
A. Hoogstraten ◽  
M. Peters ◽  
K. R. Timmermans ◽  
H. J. W. de Baar
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Harmful Algal Bloom ◽  
High Light ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Phaeocystis Globosa ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
Dissolved Carbon

Abstract. Phaeocystis globosa (Prymnesiophyceae) is a globally dominating phytoplankton species. It plays an important role in both the global sulfur and carbon cycles, by the production of dimethylsulfide (DMS) and the drawdown of inorganic carbon. Phaeocystis globosa has a polymorphic life cycle and is considered to be a harmful algal bloom (HAB) forming species. All these aspects make this an interesting species to study the effects of increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, due to anthropogenic carbon emissions. Here, the combined effects of three different dissolved carbon dioxide concentrations (CO2(aq)) (low: 4 μmol kg−1, intermediate: 6–10 μmol kg−1 and high CO2(aq): 21–24 μmol kg−1) and two different light intensities (low light, suboptimal: 80 μmol photons m−2s–1 and high light, light saturated: 240 μmol photons m−2s−1) are reported. The experiments demonstrated that the specific growth rate of P. globosa in the high light cultures decreased with increasing CO2(aq) from 1.4 to 1.1 d−1 in the low and high CO2 cultures respectively. Concurrently, the photosynthetic efficiency increased with increasing CO2(aq) from 0.56 to 0.66. The different light conditions affected photosynthetic efficiency and chlorophyll-a concentrations, both of which were lower in the high light cultures as compared to the low light cultures. These results suggest that in the future, inorganic carbon enriched oceans, P. globosa will become less competitive and feedback mechanisms to global change may decrease in strength.

scholarly journals Impact of seawater <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> on calcification and Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios in benthic foraminifera calcite: results from culturing experiments with <i>Ammonia tepida</i>

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Dissard ◽  
G. Nehrke ◽  
G. J. Reichart ◽  
J. Bijma
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Shell Weight ◽  
Dissolved Carbon

Abstract. Evidence of increasing concentrations of dissolved carbon dioxide, especially in the surface ocean and its associated impacts on calcifying organisms, is accumulating. Among these organisms, benthic and planktonic foraminifera are responsible for a large amount of the globally precipitated calcium carbonate. Hence, their response to an acidifying ocean may have important consequences for future inorganic carbon cycling. To assess the sensitivity of benthic foraminifera to changing carbon dioxide levels and subsequent alteration in seawater carbonate chemistry, we cultured specimens of the shallow water species Ammonia tepida at two concentrations of atmospheric CO2 (230 and 1900 ppmv) and two temperatures (10 °C and 15 °C). Shell weights and elemental compositions were determined. Impact of high and low pCO2 on elemental composition are compared with results of a previous experiment were specimens were grown under ambient conditions (380 ppvm, no shell weight measurements of specimen grown under ambient conditions are, however, available). Results indicate that shell weights decrease with decreasing [CO32−], although calcification was observed even in the presence of calcium carbonate under-saturation, and also decrease with increasing temperature. Thus both warming and ocean acidification may act to decrease shell weights in the future. Changes in [CO32−] or total dissolved inorganic carbon do not affect the Mg distribution coefficient. On the contrary, Sr incorporation is enhanced under increasing [CO32−]. Implications of these results for the paleoceanographic application of foraminifera are discussed.

scholarly journals Impact of seawater <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> changes on calcification and on Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca in benthic foraminifera calcite (<i>Ammonia tepida</i>): results from culturing experiments

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 3771-3802 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Dissard ◽  
G. Nehrke ◽  
G. J. Reichart ◽  
J. Bijma
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Dissolved Carbon ◽  
Seawater Carbonate Chemistry ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Levels ◽  
Shallow Water Species

Abstract. Evidence is accumulating of increasing concentrations of dissolved carbon dioxide in the ocean and associated acidification impacts on calcifying organisms. Among these organisms, benthic and planktonic foraminifera are responsible for a large amount of the globally precipitated calcium carbonate. Therefore, their response to an acidifying ocean may have important consequences for future inorganic carbon cycling. To assess the sensitivity of benthic foraminifera to changing carbon dioxide levels and subsequent alteration in seawater carbonate chemistry, we cultured specimens of the shallow water species Ammonia tepida at two concentrations of atmospheric CO2 (120 and 2000 ppm) and two temperatures (10°C and 15°C). Shell weights and elemental compositions were determined. Results indicate that shell weights decrease with decreasing [CO32−], and increase with decreasing temperature. Changes in [CO32−] or total dissolved inorganic carbon do not affect the Mg partition coefficient. On the contrary, Sr incorporation is enhanced under increasing [CO32−]. Implications of these results for the paleoceanographic application of foraminifera are also discussed.

scholarly journals Algicidal Activity of Cyperus rotundus Aqueous Extracts Reflected by Photosynthetic Efficiency and Cell Integrity of Harmful Algae Phaeocystis globosa

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3256
Author(s):  
Yu Lan ◽  
Qi Chen ◽  
Ting Gou ◽  
Kaifeng Sun ◽  
Jin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Harmful Algal Bloom ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Quinic Acid ◽  
Harmful Algae ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Phaeocystis Globosa ◽  
Treatment Groups

Phaeocystis globosa is regarded as a notoriously harmful algal bloom species. Suppressing harmful algae using algicidal substances extracted from plants is considered an effective method. The physiological and biochemical processes of P. globosa were explored by exposure to different concentrations of aqueous extracts of Cyperus rotundus. All treatments indicated various inhibitory effects on the algal growth compared to the control samples without adding extracts. At 48 h, the 4, 8, and 16 mg/mL treatment groups showed a significant inhibitory effect, consistent with a decrease in the chlorophyll-a content and photosynthetic efficiency. The images of the transmission electron microscope (TEM) further confirmed that a subset of the cells in the treatment groups exhibited morphological anomalies. The algicidal active substances were mainly identified as phenolic acids containing maximal content of quinic acid in aqueous extracts according to the results of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometer (UPLC-HRMS). The 50% anti-algal effect concentration of quinic acid was 22 mg/L at 96 h (EC50–96h). Thus, the phenolic acids might be considered as major inhibitors of the growth of P. globosa. These results demonstrated that the aqueous extracts of C. rotundus could potentially control the growth of P. globosa.

scholarly journals Impactos da seca e das mudanças climáticas no metabolismo das plantas: Uma revisão

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e16710817060
Author(s):  
Juracy Barroso Neto ◽  
José Raliuson Inácio Silva ◽  
Cinara Wanderléa Felix Bezerra ◽  
Thialla Larangeira Amorim ◽  
Pedro José Hermínio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
Climatic Scenarios ◽  
The Face ◽  
High Co2 Concentration ◽  
C3 Metabolism

Drought and predicted changes in climate, such as increased atmospheric CO2 concentration and high temperature, may affect the growth and productivity of crop plants and generate varying responses, including morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular changes. Water deficit negatively affects photosynthesis, while increasing CO2 can benefit plants and attenuate photo-oxidative damage, especially in C3 metabolism species. However, the excess heat associated with this increase can affect photosynthetic efficiency differently, depending on the species and/or variety studied. In addition, the responses to the combination of these factors are poorly understood and cannot be extracted directly from the effects of each of these agents applied in isolation. This review sought to address the isolated and combined effects of water deficit and climate change on agricultural production, reporting how plant metabolism is affected by rising temperatures and high CO2 concentration. This understanding is important to monitor the behavior of plants in the face of future climatic scenarios in order to develop strategies that can confer resistance to plants and ensure food security for agricultural production.

Impact of Dursban and Abate on Microbial Numbers and Some Chemical Properties of Standing Ponds

1975 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Butcher ◽  
M. Boyer ◽  
CD. Fowle
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Carbon ◽  
Photosynthetic Productivity ◽  
Dissolved Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Microbial Numbers

Abstract Eleven small ponds, lined with polyethylene, were used to assess the consequences of applications of *DursbanR at 0.004, 0.030, 0.100 and 1.000 ppm and AbateR at 0.025 and 0.100 ppm active ingredient. The treated ponds showed a more pronounced long-term increase in pH and dissolved oxygen and decreasing total and dissolved carbon dioxide in comparison with untreated ponds. Algal blooms were of longer duration in treated ponds than in controls. Total photosynthetic productivity was higher in treated ponds but bacterial numbers did not change significantly. Photosynthetic productivity was estimated by following the changes in total carbon dioxide.

Strategies and adaptations to aquatic life at high altitude

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Jacobsen ◽  
Olivier Dangles
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cold Adaptation ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Dissolved Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Regulatory Capacity

Chapter 5 is focused on how organisms cope with the environmental conditions that are a direct result of high altitude. Organisms reveal a number of fascinating ways of dealing with a life at high altitude; for example, avoidance and pigmentation as protection against damaging high levels of ultraviolet radiation, accumulation of antifreeze proteins, and metabolic cold adaptation among species encountering low temperatures with the risk of freezing, oxy-regulatory capacity in animals due to low availability of oxygen, and root uptake from the sediment of inorganic carbon by plants living in waters poor in dissolved carbon dioxide. These and more adaptations are carefully described through a number of examples from famous flagship species in addition to the less well-known ones. Harsh environmental conditions work as an environmental filter that only allows the well-adapted species to slip through to colonize high altitude waters.

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