scholarly journals Tracing atmospheric nitrate in groundwater using triple oxygen isotopes: evaluation based on bottled drinking water

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 16493-16519
Author(s):  
U. Tsunogai ◽  
A. Suzuki ◽  
S. Daita ◽  
T. Ohyama ◽  
D. D. Komatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Oxygen Isotopes ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Natural Background ◽  
Bottled Drinking Water ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
Atmospheric Nitrate ◽  
Forested Areas

Abstract. The stable isotopic compositions of nitrate dissolved in 49 types of bottled drinking water collected worldwide were determined, to trace the fate of atmospheric nitrate (NO3–atm) that had been deposited into subaerial ecosystems, using the 17O anomalies (Δ17O) of nitrate as tracers. The use of bottled water enables collection of groundwater recharged at natural, background watersheds. The nitrate in groundwater had small Δ17O values ranging from −0.2‰ to +4.5‰ (n = 49). The average Δ17O value and average mixing ratio of atmospheric nitrate to total nitrate in the groundwater samples were estimated to be 0.8‰ and 3.1%, respectively. These findings indicated that the majority of atmospheric nitrate had undergone biological processing before being exported from the surface ecosystem to the groundwater. Moreover, the concentrations of atmospheric nitrate were estimated to range from less than 0.1 μmol l−1 to 8.5 μmol l−1, with higher NO3–atm concentrations being obtained for those recharged in rocky, arid or elevated areas with little vegetation and lower NO3–atm concentrations being obtained for those recharged in forested areas with high levels of vegetation. Additionally, many of the NO3–atm-depleted samples were characterized by elevated δ15N values of more than +10‰. Uptake by plants and/or microbes in forested soils subsequent to deposition and the progress of denitrification within groundwater likely plays a significant role in the removal of NO3–atm.

scholarly journals Tracing atmospheric nitrate in groundwater using triple oxygen isotopes: evaluation based on bottled drinking water

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 3547-3558 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Nakagawa ◽  
A. Suzuki ◽  
S. Daita ◽  
T. Ohyama ◽  
D. D. Komatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Oxygen Isotopes ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Natural Background ◽  
Bottled Drinking Water ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
Atmospheric Nitrate ◽  
Forested Areas

Abstract. The stable isotopic compositions of nitrate dissolved in 49 brands of bottled drinking water collected worldwide were measured, to trace the fate of atmospheric nitrate (NO3− atm) that had been deposited into subaerial ecosystems, using the 17O anomalies (Δ17O) of nitrate as tracers. The use of bottled water enables collection of groundwater recharged at natural, background watersheds. The nitrate in groundwater had small Δ17O values ranging from −0.2‰ to +4.5‰ n = 49). The average Δ17O value and average mixing ratio of atmospheric nitrate to total nitrate in the groundwater samples were estimated to be 0.8‰ and 3.1%, respectively. These findings indicated that the majority of atmospheric nitrate had undergone biological processing before being exported from the surface ecosystem to the groundwater. Moreover, the concentrations of atmospheric nitrate were estimated to range from less than 0.1 μmol L−1 to 8.5 μmol L−1 with higher NO3−atm concentrations being obtained for those recharged in rocky, arid or elevated areas with little vegetation and lower NO3−atm concentrations being obtained for those recharged in forested areas with high levels of vegetation. Additionally, many of the NO3−atm-depleted samples were characterized by elevated δ15N values of more than +10‰. Uptake by plants and/or microbes in forested soils subsequent to deposition and the progress of denitrification within groundwater likely plays a significant role in the removal of NO3−atm.

scholarly journals Quantifying nitrate dynamics in an oligotrophic lake using Δ<suP>17</sup>O

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Tsunogai ◽  
S. Daita ◽  
D. D. Komatsu ◽  
F. Nakagawa ◽  
A. Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Active Nitrogen ◽  
Isotopic Compositions ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
Atmospheric Nitrate ◽  
Oligotrophic Water ◽  
Rapid Removal ◽  
Continuous Feeding

Abstract. The stable isotopic compositions of nitrate, including the 17O anomalies (Δ17O), were determined twice in 1 yr (June and August 2007) in the oligotrophic water column of Lake Mashu, Japan. These data were then used to quantify the geochemical dynamics of nitrate in the lake, by using the deposition rate of the atmospheric nitrate onto the entire catchment area of the lake. The total amount of nitrate in the lake water decreased from 4.2 to 2.1 Mmol during the period between the observations, while the average Δ17O values remained uniform at +2.5‰. The Δ17O values corresponded to an small and uniform mixing ratio of atmospheric nitrate to total nitrate of 9.7 ± 0.8%. These results indicate that 0.52 ± 0.34 Mmol of the remineralized nitrate was fed into the water column through nitrification, while 2.6 ± 0.4 Mmol of nitrate was simultaneously removed from the water column by assimilation, during the period between the observations. The lake water dissolved nitrate was characterized by rapid removal through assimilation during summer until it was almost completely removed from the euphotic layer, as well as continuous feeding into the lake through nitrification (3.2 ± 0.3 Mmol a−1) and deposition (0.35 ± 0.2 Mmol a−1), regardless of the seasons. The 15N-depleted nitrogen isotopic compositions of nitrate were as low as −6.5‰ in June, which also indicates that in-lake nitrification is the major source of nitrate in the lake and suggests that there is low potential for denitrification in and around the lake. Atmospheric nitrate deposited into the lake will be assimilated quickly, having a mean residence time of 1.2 ± 0.1 yr. In addition, more than 90% of the assimilated nitrate will be remineralized to nitrate and re-assimilated via active nitrogen cycling in the lake.

The Relationship between Concentration and Sensory Properties of 2-Methylisoborneol and Geosmin in Drinking Water

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ito ◽  
T. Okumura ◽  
M. Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Consumer Panel ◽  
Triangle Method ◽  
Musty Odor ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mixed Samples

The study of the relations between the senses of smell and taste and odorant concentration is important for the solution of odor problems. The threshold concentrations of odor and taste (TOC, TTC) of 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) and geosmin were measured by the non-forced choice triangle method using 12-20 panelists. Both TOC and TTC were found to be functions of water temperature and the concentration of residual chlorine. The TOC and TTC of mixed samples were rather lower than the concentrations calculated from the mixing ratio. The sensitivities of the consumer panel and the number of musty odor complaints from consumers are related to MIB or geosmin concentration. The ratio of the number of complaints to MIB (or geosmin) concentration decreased after maximum complaint, but the sensitivity of the consumer panel remained the same.

scholarly journals Hydrochemical Characterisation of High-Fluoride Groundwater and Development of a Conceptual Groundwater Flow Model Using a Combined Hydrogeological and Hydrochemical Approach on an Active Volcano: Mount Meru, Northern Tanzania

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2159
Author(s):  
George Bennett ◽  
Jill Van Reybrouck ◽  
Ceven Shemsanga ◽  
Mary Kisaka ◽  
Ines Tomašek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Active Volcano ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Northern Tanzania ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
High Fluoride ◽  
Arusha National Park ◽  
The Impact

This study characterises high-fluoride groundwater in the aquifer system on the flanks of Mount Meru, focusing on parts of the flanks that were only partially or not at all covered by previous research. Additionally, we analyse the impact of rainwater recharge on groundwater chemistry by monitoring spring discharges during water sampling. The results show that the main groundwater type in the study area is NaHCO3 alkaline groundwater (average pH = 7.8). High F− values were recorded: in 175 groundwater samples, the concentrations range from 0.15 to 301 mg/L (mean: 21.89 mg/L, median: 9.67 mg/L), with 91% of the samples containing F− values above the WHO health-based guideline for drinking water (1.5 mg/L), whereas 39% of the samples have Na+ concentrations above the WHO taste-based guideline of 200 mg/L. The temporal variability in F− concentrations between different seasons is due to the impact of the local groundwater recharge. We recommend that a detailed ecohydrological study should be carried out for the low-fluoride springs from the high-altitude recharge areas on the eastern and northwestern flanks of Mount Meru inside Arusha National Park. These springs are extracted for drinking purposes. An ecohydrological study is required for the management of these springs and their potential enhanced exploitation to ensure the sustainability of this water extraction practice. Another strategy for obtaining safe drinking water could be to use a large-scale filtering system to remove F− from the groundwater.

Geochemical modeling and multivariate statistical approach for assessing the groundwater quality, and mechanism of arsenic mobilization in Bahraich region, Indo-Gangetic plains, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Usman Khan ◽  
Nachiketa Rai ◽  
Mukesh Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Geochemical Modeling ◽  
Sulfide Oxidation ◽  
Dissolution Mechanism ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Gangetic Plains ◽  
Groundwater Samples

&lt;p&gt;As contamination in groundwater has been reported from various regions of the Indian subcontinent but no data related to heavy metal contamination of groundwater has been reported for the Bahraich area in the Indo-Gangetic plains. We report the first dataset on arsenic contamination and groundwater hydrogeochemistry, in Bahraich. This includes concentrations of heavy metal such as As, Mn, and Fe, along with major cations (Na&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;, K&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;, Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;and Mg&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;) and anions (F&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt;, Cl&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt;, NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt;, SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2-&lt;/sup&gt; and PO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3-&lt;/sup&gt;), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), along with various physico-chemical parameters such as EC, pH, and Eh from samples collected during two extensive field campaigns conducted during pre-monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons respectively. The combined use of geochemical modeling and multivariate statistical approaches such as principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis (CA) suggest several processes affecting the geochemistry of groundwater including the lithological characteristics of aquifers and anthropogenic activities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The groundwater of the study area predominantly belongs to the Ca-Mg-HCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; type hydrochemical facies. HCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&amp;#8722;&lt;/sup&gt;/Na&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; and Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;/Na&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; signatures of groundwater indicate the influence of silicate weathering and carbonate dissolution processes with the insignificant role of evaporate dissolution mechanism. As concentration was found to range from 0.6 &amp;#956;g/L to ~100 &amp;#956;g/L with almost 40% of the collected samples exceeding the WHO defined limit of 10 &amp;#956;g/L for drinking water. 70 % of the groundwater samples were found to have very high Fe concentrations exceeding the WHO guideline of 0.3 mg/l in drinking water. Mn concentrations in the groundwater samples were relatively low with only ~10 % of the samples exceeding the WHO defined limit for Mn (400 &amp;#956;g/L). The majority of the groundwater samples were found to be anoxic in nature showing low NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&amp;#8722;&lt;/sup&gt; &amp; SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2-&lt;/sup&gt; concentrations, high Fe &amp; Mn and DOC concentrations, and negative Eh values.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Results from this study show that the reductive dissolution mechanism of iron oxyhydroxide is the dominant mechanism responsible for arsenic release in groundwater of the region, ruling out any role of sulfide oxidation and alkali desorption.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

PROBLEMS OF QUALITY AND SAFETY OF BOTTLED DRINKING WATER

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л.И. АМБАРЦУМЯН ◽  
Е.Н. ГУБА ◽  
М.В. ГУСЕВА ◽  
С.Н. ДИЯНОВА ◽  
В.В. ИЛЛАРИОНОВА
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Testing Laboratory ◽  
Bottled Drinking Water ◽  
Microelement Composition ◽  
Microbiological Indicators

Проведены исследования качества 12 образцов питьевой бутилированной воды в условиях аккредитованной испытательной лаборатории. Исследование информативности маркировки образцов воды выявило, что не все производители выполняют требования ТР ТС 022/2011. Дана оценка органолептических, физико-химических и микробиологических показателей питьевой воды. Определены критерии безвредности химического состава образцов. Исследован макро- и микроэлементный состав. Выявлена необходимость повышения степени ответственности производителей при формировании качества. The quality of 12 samples of bottled drinking water was studied in an accredited testing laboratory. The study of informative labeling of water samples revealed that not all manufacturers fulfill the requirements of TR TS 022/2011. The evaluation of organoleptic, physicochemical and microbiological indicators of drinking water is given. Criteria of harmlessness of the chemical composition of samples are defined. It is investigated macro- and microelement composition of drinking water. The necessity to increase the degree of responsibility of producers in the formation of quality is revealed.

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