Identifying Heritage Sites using Data Fusion on Location of Spiritual Sites and Geodata: A Case Study of Archeological Investigations in Brunei Darussalam

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Becek ◽  
Khairunisa Ibrahim ◽  
Joanna Krupa-Kurzynowska
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Human Settlements ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The North ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
Clay Deposits

<p>Human civilization and culture on Borneo had generally developed in strong spatial relationship with rivers. Borneo rivers, almost constantly filled in by heavy tropical rains, were ideal topographic features for humans to build their dwellings over and along their banks. Also, as the rivers were full of fish and the banks rich in sago palms and animals, they provided a diversified livelihood for the population limiting agricultural activities. The rivers were also almost exclusive means of transportation to support the trade. These spatial constraints successfully harnessed by the Borneo population ensured the size of the human footprint remained small, thus maintaining the pristine forests with only a very limited space taken up by human settlements. Construction materials for houses were exclusively forest products, which tend to decay quickly because of the high humidity and air temperature. The only durable remains of abandoned human settlements are pottery, clay deposits, some stone and metal objects brought from the North, e.g., China. Therefore, the quest to uncover the cultural heritage of Brunei Darussalam is an extremely challenging one. In this contribution, we report on an attempt to use remote sensing and geoinformation to identify the most likely locations of long-abandoned human settlements. An initial data set is the location of cemeteries and mosques. Besides, topographic data, including LiDAR data, the location of rivers and ponds, abandoned rice fields, landslides, secondary forest plots, historical records, are utilized. Developed maps from this geodata will support possible subsequent archaeological investigations by helping to identify the location of sites of interests. The outcomes of this project may be of interest not only to government departments in charge of the historical and cultural heritage of Brunei Darussalam but also to ecologists documenting the interactions between human civilization and nature.</p>

Visual Representations of the Spatial Relationship Between Bermuda High Strengths and Hurricane Tracks

2007 ◽  
pp. 37-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason T. Knowles ◽  
Michael Leitner
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Storm Track ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
The North ◽  
Nao Index ◽  
Hurricane Tracks ◽  
Point Coverage

The 2004 and 2005 hurricane seasons dramatically demonstrated the magnitude of the societal significance of hurricanes, negatively impacting on all scales from the personal to the national. Although definitive identification of the forcing mechanisms controlling hurricane tracks and landfall patterns remains elusive, increasing evidence supports the hypothesis that the increase in hurricane activity along the Gulf Coast is due to a southwestward shift in the position of the Bermuda High. This research uses multiple visualization techniques to explore the spatial correlation between Bermuda High strengths - as interpreted from the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index - and hurricane tracks. Using hurricane vector data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA) Hurricane Data set (HURRDAT) and NAO index data since 1947, the hypothesized spatial relationships were investigated. Due to the vast number of storm track segments (more than 17,000), displaying all segments in the same map failed to reveal any coherent spatial pattern. For this reason, storm track segments were converted into a point coverage, each point representing the mid-point of an original storm segment. Other visualization methods were applied to this new point coverage, including choropleth mapping and continuous 2-D and enhanced 3-D surface displays. The latter two methods were novel approaches for the visualization of large numbers of hurricane tracks and can be applied to any large data sets consisting of linear features. Results visually support a spatial relationship between hurricane tracks and Bermuda High strengths.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PROFIL RESORT CAGAR ALAM DOLOK SIBUAL-BUALI SEBAGAI PENENTU STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN KAWASAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wienda Lestari Br. Gurusinga ◽  
Siti Latifah ◽  
Siti Noor Chasanatun
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
The North ◽  
Vegetation Disturbance ◽  
Biodiversity Preservation ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products ◽  
Resources Conservation

Dolok Sibual Buali Nature Reserve with area’s large + 5000 hectares is one of the five resort models resort based management scope Hall of the North Sumatera’s Natural Resources Conservation. Before implement resort based management, must be known the resort profile. This research aims to known the resort profile of Dolok Sibual Buali Nature Reserve based the cover of vegetation and disturbance area by human activity. This research was conducted in the Nature Reserve Dolok Sibual Buali South Tapanuli on May-June 2013. The methods of data collection are observation and interviews. The data analysis consist of maps analysis and interview results analysis. The cover of vegetation in Dolok Sibual Buali Nature Reserve included safe category  with the secondary forest area’s large 4624.84 hectares or about 92.26 % of the total area. The other cover of vegetation are mixed farms, dry land farms, shrubs and rice fields. The form of disturbance area that comes from villages around the area are illegal logging, land conversion, wildlife hunting, theft of non-timber forest products and ecotourism. The conflicts that often occur between communities and area manager are conflicts about area boundaries. Communities also felt anxious caused the wildlife damaged their gardens. The management strategies that should be done are improved the area security and optimization the function of biodiversity preservation by apply the resort based management. Keywords: Cover of vegetation, disturbance area, Dolok Sibual Buali nature reserve, resort based management, resort profile

Illegal rattan extraction trends in the Ankasa Conservation Area in Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 84-92
Author(s):  
R. Obour, D. Amankwaa, A. Asare
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
The North ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products

Protected Areas (PAs) are created for the protection and maintenance of biological diversity, but many of Ghana’s PAs are subjectto severe pressures and threats, the main pressures being the illegal extraction of natural resources. Rattans are indisputablyone of the most important Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) in Ghana’s Protected Areas that is without doubt one of thereasons for which it has drawn the attention of researchers. In this study the illegal rattan extraction patterns in the AnkasaConservation Area (ACA) in Ghana was inspected. Simple random sampling and Snowball sampling techniques were used. Datacollection employed the use of semi-structured questionnaires, interviews and field enumeration of rattans as well as an analysisof Effective Patrol Man-days (EPMDS) from 2004 to 2012. The results showed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.75, p<0.05, r2 = 0.557) between patrol effort and rattan extraction encounters. In addition, there was a general reduction in illegalrattan extraction encounters from 2004 to 2012 at a rate of 4.3 per year. The highest illegal rattan extraction incidences wererecorded in 2006 (76 encounters), 2005 (35 encounters), 2008 (22 encounters), 2004 (18 encounters) and the least incidencewere recorded in both 2010 (3 encounters) and 2011 (3 encounters).The research also revealed that Eremospatha macrocarpawas the most extracted rattan species followed by Laccosperma secundiflorum. The major rattan extraction and trade routesoriginate in the northern parts and in the area east of the reserve and also south of Draw River Forest Reserve. Generally, rattanpoaching in Ankasa Conservation Area has declined, but there are still human incursions in the northern part of the reserve. Thestudy recommended an intensification of patrols in the north of the reserve. Also, enrichment planting and Agroforestry practicesof inter-cropping rattans with seasonal crops should be pursued vigorously for the local communities.

scholarly journals Regional differences in the evolution of the merger of /ʃ/ and /ç/ in Luxembourgish

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
François Conrad
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Sound Change ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
The South ◽  
Data Set ◽  
West Germanic ◽  
The North ◽  
Minimal Pairs ◽  
Old Men ◽  
Middle Generation

The merger of post-alveolar /ʃ/ and palatal /ç/ into alveolopalatal /ɕ/ has recently gained growing interest in sociophonetic research, especially in the Middle German dialect area. In Luxembourgish, a Continental West Germanic language, the sound change has been linked to age differences, while its origins remain unclear. Two studies with a regional focus are presented in this paper. The first study examines the merger in the Centre and the South of Luxembourg. The acoustic examination of both the spectral peak and the centre of gravity of a spoken data set of five minimal pairs embedded in read and orally translated sentences from 48 speakers (three generations (old generation, 65–91 years; middle generation, 40–64 years; young generation, 20–39 years; each generation, n = 16), men and women) reveals interesting results related to their regional background. In the old generation, the merger is further advanced in the speech of old men from the former mining region in the South compared to their peers in the Centre, the former leading this sound change. On the other hand, young speakers in both regions produce only alveolopalatal /ɕ/, the merger being complete in this generation. The second study presents exploratory data from the East and the North of the country. The analysis of this smaller sample (n = 6 speakers) reveals patterns similar to the central region. Pointing to language contact with Romance in the South as cradle and/or catalyser of the merger, these results not only give further clues as to the development in Luxembourg, but also add to a deeper understanding of sound changes in process in complex sibilant systems.

scholarly journals THE CULTURAL HERITAGE SPATIAL DATA SET OF KLAIPĖDA OLD TOWN / SAUGOMŲ KLAIPĖDOS SENAMIESČIO OBJEKTŲ ERDVINIŲ DUOMENŲ RINKINYS / НАБОР ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННЫХ ДАННЫХ ОХРАНЯЕМЫХ ОБЪЕКТОВ СТАРОГО ГОРОДА КЛАЙПЕДЫ

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 172-176
Author(s):  
Lina Kuklienė ◽  
Dainora Jankauskienė ◽  
Indrius Kuklys
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
Cultural Heritage Management ◽  
Input Devices ◽  
Relevant Point ◽  
Cultural Heritage Objects

The purpose of the thesis is to analyze the main geodetic databases of Lithuania and to create a geodetic database of cultural heritage objects in Klaipėda using program ArcGIS 9.3. The problem is that the geodetic database storing graphical and attributive information about cultural heritage in Klaipeda city has not been created yet. Thus, in order to incorporate GIS technologies into the management of cultural heritage, starting the creation of such a database seems to be a relevant point. The fully completed and regularly updated geodetic database can be used for cultural heritage management, planning, design, road construction, etc. Therefore, the following objectives have been set: 1) describing geo-data collection and input devices; 2) stimulating the geodetic database that introduces information about buildings, building complexes, cemeteries, locations of archaeological and cultural heritage; 3) giving a detailed description of the database creation process; 4) analyzing the need for establishing a geodetic database of cultural heritage objects in Klaipėda. Santrauka Lietuvoje GIS pagrindu sukurta daug įvairiems tikslams skirtų georeferencinių bei teminių erdvinių duomenų rinkinių. Viena iš šių rinkinių panaudojimo sričių – valstybės registruose esančių duomenų kaupimas. Tokiu principu yra sukurta Kultūros vertybių registro duomenų bazė, kurios pagrindiniai duomenys buvo panaudoti kuriant Klaipėdos miesto kultūros paveldo objektų erdvinių duomenų rinkinį. Siekiant kuo operatyviau įtraukti GIS technologijas į kultūros paveldo objektų tvarkybą, aktualu Klaipėdoje pradėti kurti kultūros paveldo objektų erdvinių duomenų rinkinį. Nuolat atnaujinamas erdvinių duomenų rinkinys palengvins įvairių sričių specialistų atliekamus kultūros paveldo objektų administravimo, teritorijų planavimo, projektavimo, kelių tiesimo ir kitus darbus. Резюме В Литве на основе ГИС для различных целей создано множество гео-ссылок, а также тематических наборов пространственных данных. Область использования одного из множеств – сбор данных, имеющихся в государственном учете. По такому принципу создана регистрационная база культурных ценностей, основные данные которой были использованы при создании набора пространственных данных объектов культурного наследия города Клайпеды. С целью оперативно обеспечить управление объектами культурного наследия технологиями ГИС следует начать создание набора пространственных данных объектов культурного наследия в Клайпеде. Полностью заполненный и постоянно обновляемый набор пространственных данных облегчит работу специалистов в различных областях: администрировании объектов культурного наследия, планировании территорий, проектировании, строительстве дорог и других.

Stochastic inversion of pressure and saturation changes from time-lapse AVO data

Geophysics ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. C81-C92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene Hafslund Veire ◽  
Hilde Grude Borgos ◽  
Martin Landrø
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Model ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Bayesian Framework ◽  
Reservoir Modeling ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The North ◽  
Fluid Saturation ◽  
Likelihood Model

Effects of pressure and fluid saturation can have the same degree of impact on seismic amplitudes and differential traveltimes in the reservoir interval; thus, they are often inseparable by analysis of a single stacked seismic data set. In such cases, time-lapse AVO analysis offers an opportunity to discriminate between the two effects. We quantify the uncertainty in estimations to utilize information about pressure- and saturation-related changes in reservoir modeling and simulation. One way of analyzing uncertainties is to formulate the problem in a Bayesian framework. Here, the solution of the problem will be represented by a probability density function (PDF), providing estimations of uncertainties as well as direct estimations of the properties. A stochastic model for estimation of pressure and saturation changes from time-lapse seismic AVO data is investigated within a Bayesian framework. Well-known rock physical relationships are used to set up a prior stochastic model. PP reflection coefficient differences are used to establish a likelihood model for linking reservoir variables and time-lapse seismic data. The methodology incorporates correlation between different variables of the model as well as spatial dependencies for each of the variables. In addition, information about possible bottlenecks causing large uncertainties in the estimations can be identified through sensitivity analysis of the system. The method has been tested on 1D synthetic data and on field time-lapse seismic AVO data from the Gullfaks Field in the North Sea.

Velocity changes across the Ganos segment of the North Anatolian Fault Zone in NW Turkey from systematic variations in body wave arrival times

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esref Yalcinkaya ◽  
Marco Bohnhoff ◽  
Patricia Martinez-Garzon ◽  
Ethem Görgün ◽  
Ali Pınar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Wave ◽  
Waveform Analysis ◽  
Marmara Region ◽  
Rupture Directivity ◽  
Data Set ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
The North ◽  
Nw Turkey ◽  
Geological Units

&lt;p&gt;Imaging and characterizing transform fault sections that are capable to produce large earthquakes is crucial for evaluating seismic hazard and subsequent risk for nearby population centers. The Marmara Fault near the megacity of Istanbul is one of the best defined seismic gaps in the world and its complexity is captured by seismological, geodetic and geological data. A local dense seismic array (MONGAN) provides a high resolution data set allowing to image the Ganos fault separating two different geological units in the western Marmara region. First results of the waveform analysis from this array present systematic early-phase arrivals at the seismic stations located on the northern block of the Ganos fault which comprises geological units including older and more compact materials than that of the southern block. This difference in the arrival times causes the earthquake epicenters to shift further north than the real locations. In this preliminary results, the early-arrivals will be evaluated according to source azimuths and distances, and possible earth models and wave paths will be discussed. The results have implications for rupture directivity during future earthquakes as input for hazard and risk models for the Marmara region.&lt;/p&gt;

Volcanogenic clays in Jurassic and Cretaceous strata of England and the North Sea Basin

Clay Minerals ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. V. Jeans ◽  
D. S. Wray ◽  
R. J. Merriman ◽  
M. J. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Hydrothermal Fluids ◽  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
The North ◽  
Clay Deposits ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Thermal Doming

AbstractThe nature and origin of authigenic clay minerals and silicate cements in the Jurassic and Cretaceous sediments of England and the North Sea are discussed in relation to penecontemporaneous volcanism in and around the North Sea Basin. Evidence, including new REE data, suggests that the authigenic clay minerals represent the argillization of volcanic ash under varying diagenetic conditions, and that volcanic ash is a likely source for at least the early silicate cements in many sandstones. The nature and origin of smectite-rich, glauconite-rich, berthierine-rich and kaolin-rich volcanogenic clay mineral deposits are discussed. Two patterns of volcanogenic clay minerals facies are described. Pattern A is related to ash argillization in the non-marine and marine environments. Pattern B is developed by the argillization of ash concentrated in the sand and silt facies belts in the seas bordering ash-covered islands and massifs. It is associated with regression/ transgression cycles which may be related to thermal doming and associated volcanism, including the submarine release of hydrothermal fluids rich in Fe. The apparent paucity of volcanogenic clay deposits in the Jurasssic and Early Cretaceous sediments of the North Sea is discussed.

scholarly journals Transport and storage of anthropogenic C in the North Atlantic Subpolar Ocean

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (14) ◽  
pp. 4661-4682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginie Racapé ◽  
Patricia Zunino ◽  
Herlé Mercier ◽  
Pascale Lherminier ◽  
Laurent Bopp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interannual Variability ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Meridional Overturning Circulation ◽  
Intermediate Water ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The North ◽  
Storage Rate ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
And Storage

Abstract. The North Atlantic Ocean is a major sink region for atmospheric CO2 and contributes to the storage of anthropogenic carbon (Cant). While there is general agreement that the intensity of the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) modulates uptake, transport and storage of Cant in the North Atlantic Subpolar Ocean, processes controlling their recent variability and evolution over the 21st century remain uncertain. This study investigates the relationship between transport, air–sea flux and storage rate of Cant in the North Atlantic Subpolar Ocean over the past 53 years. Its relies on the combined analysis of a multiannual in situ data set and outputs from a global biogeochemical ocean general circulation model (NEMO–PISCES) at 1∕2∘ spatial resolution forced by an atmospheric reanalysis. Despite an underestimation of Cant transport and an overestimation of anthropogenic air–sea CO2 flux in the model, the interannual variability of the regional Cant storage rate and its driving processes were well simulated by the model. Analysis of the multi-decadal simulation revealed that the MOC intensity variability was the major driver of the Cant transport variability at 25 and 36∘ N, but not at OVIDE. At the subpolar OVIDE section, the interannual variability of Cant transport was controlled by the accumulation of Cant in the MOC upper limb. At multi-decadal timescales, long-term changes in the North Atlantic storage rate of Cant were driven by the increase in air–sea fluxes of anthropogenic CO2. North Atlantic Central Water played a key role for storing Cant in the upper layer of the subtropical region and for supplying Cant to Intermediate Water and North Atlantic Deep Water. The transfer of Cant from surface to deep waters occurred mainly north of the OVIDE section. Most of the Cant transferred to the deep ocean was stored in the subpolar region, while the remainder was exported to the subtropical gyre within the lower MOC.

scholarly journals Monitoring compliance with sulfur content regulations of shipping fuel by in situ measurements of ship emissions

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (17) ◽  
pp. 10087-10092 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Kattner ◽  
B. Mathieu-Üffing ◽  
J. P. Burrows ◽  
A. Richter ◽  
S. Schmolke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Monitoring Site ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The North ◽  
Position Data ◽  
Gas Measurements ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract. In 1997 the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) adopted MARPOL Annex VI to prevent air pollution by shipping emissions. It regulates, among other issues, the sulfur content in shipping fuels, which is transformed into the air pollutant sulfur dioxide (SO2) during combustion. Within designated Sulfur Emission Control Areas (SECA), the sulfur content was limited to 1 %, and on 1 January 2015, this limit was further reduced to 0.1 %. Here we present the set-up and measurement results of a permanent ship emission monitoring site near Hamburg harbour in the North Sea SECA. Trace gas measurements are conducted with in situ instruments and a data set from September 2014 to January 2015 is presented. By combining measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2) and SO2 with ship position data, it is possible to deduce the sulfur fuel content of individual ships passing the measurement station, thus facilitating the monitoring of compliance of ships with the IMO regulations. While compliance is almost 100 % for the 2014 data, it decreases only very little in 2015 to 95.4 % despite the much stricter limit. We analysed more than 1400 ship plumes in total and for months with favourable conditions, up to 40 % of all ships entering and leaving Hamburg harbour could be checked for their sulfur fuel content.

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