Changes in soils of Central Russian forest-steppe under the impact of sulfur coal mining (the Moscow basin)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Kostin ◽  
Pavel Krechetov ◽  
Olga Chernitsova ◽  
Elena Terskaya
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Natural Soils ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Soil Solutions ◽  
Haplic Chernozems ◽  
Moscow Basin ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Spoil Heaps

<p>In mining areas of the Moscow brown coal basin, soils are impacted by acid mine drainage (AMD), solid sulfide-bearing mine wastes and carbonaceous particles. Spoil heaps of overburden rocks and subsidence areas over the mined space are formed at abandoned mine fields. Most of the spoil heaps have not been remediated and erode intensively due to physical and chemical properties of waste rocks. AMD of sulfuric acid, Al and Fe sulfates as well as pyritized material, entering from the eroded spoil heaps, results in morphological changes in soil properties. Other environmental concern is the formation of subsidence areas over the mined space due to the dewatering of abandoned сoal mines. It results in alteration of the soil water regime. On deluvial and proluvial dump tailings around spoil heaps technogenically transformed soils are common.</p><p>The aim of the study was to examine the post-mining evolution of natural soils under the impact of supply of tecnhogenic material from the spoil heaps and changes of the terrain in abandoned sulfur coal mining areas.</p><p>We investigated two key sites within abandoned coal mine fields in the central part of the Moscow basin (the Tula region, Russia). Prevailing natural soils are Greyic Phaeozems and Haplic Chernozems (WRB 2014) (Grey forest and Leached Chernozems in Russian classification).</p><p>Soil samples and soil solutions were analysed for (acid-base properties, content and composition of readily soluble salts, content of Fe<sup>2+</sup> and Fe<sup>3+</sup>, H<sup>+</sup> and Al<sup>3+</sup>, carbonates, composition of exchangeable cations, particle size content, total content of S, Al, Fe and organic carbon). Soil solutions were displaced by ethanol (Ishcherekov-Komarova method, Russia) (Snakin et al. 2001). The level of saturation of soil solutions by gypsum, iron and aluminum hydroxides was evaluated.</p><p>Properties of newly formed soils differ significantly from natural soils. We identified the transformation of the composition of soil solutions. Key geochemical processes at mine sites in soils were:  (1) acidification and Fe-Al-SO<sub>4</sub> salinization of soil profile along with the increment in H<sup>+</sup> and Al<sup>3+</sup> ions content; (2) cation exchange, leading to displacement of Cа<sup>2+ </sup>and Mg<sup>2+</sup> ions by Al<sup>3+</sup>, H<sup>+</sup>, Fe<sup>2+ </sup>and, perhaps, by Fe<sup>3+ </sup>in soil ion-exchange complex; (3) alteration of radial differentiation of organic carbon and carbonates in soils; (4) mineral transformations.</p><p>  Semi-hydromorphic soils with signs of gleying and peat accumulation were formed in subsidence areas. In Greyic Phaeozems the intensification of podzolization process could be noted. In Haplic Chernozems gypsum neoformations (neogypsans) were observed. Post-technogenic soils have no analogues in natural forest-steppe landscapes of the Russian Plain.</p><p> </p><p> </p>

Geochemical alterations of forest soils in post-mining area (the Moscow brown coal basin, Russia)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Kostin ◽  
Pavel Krechetov ◽  
Olga Chernitsova ◽  
Elena Terskaya
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Natural Soils ◽  
Soil Solutions ◽  
Moscow Basin ◽  
Fine Clay ◽  
Spoil Heaps

<p>Long-term coal mining in the Moscow basin has a complex negative impact on soils of natural ecosystems. Due to underground mining operations at coal deposits in the Moscow basin spoil heaps with a high content of iron sulfides and aluminosilicates were formed. Active oxidation of sulfides in waste dumps results in the producing of toxic sulfuric acid and iron sulfates (Nordstrom and Alpers 1999). Acid mine drainage (AMD) of sulfuric acid, Al and Fe sulfates as well as pyritized material, entering from eroded spoil heaps, results in physico-chemical and morphological changes in soil properties. On foreslopes around spoil heaps technogenically transformed soils are common. Our study aimed at evaluation of post-mining geochemical transformation of soil properties, which is adjacent to spoil heaps.</p><p>We observed two key sites within abandoned coal mines in the western part of Moscow basin (the Tula region, Russia). Prevailing natural soils are Umbric Albeluvisols and Umbric Podzols (sod-podzolic soils and sod-podzols in Russian classification). Soils with transformed water regime are formed in mine subsidence.</p><p>Soil samples and displaced soil solutions (by ethanol) were analysed for acid-base properties, content and composition of readily soluble salts, content of Fe<sup>2+</sup> and Fe<sup>3+</sup>, H<sup>+</sup> and Al<sup>3+</sup>, composition of exchangeable cations, total content of S, Al, Fe, heavy metals (HM) and organic carbon).</p><p>Properties of newly formed soils differ significantly from natural soils. We identified the transformation of the composition of soil solutions. The basic geochemical processes in contaminated soils are as follows: the acidification and changes in the composition of ions in soil solutions from bicarbonate-sulfate-calcium to sulfate-iron-aluminum-calcium; cation exchange, leading to the replacement of Cа<sup>2+ </sup>and Mg<sup>2+</sup> ions by Al<sup>3+</sup> and H<sup>+</sup> ions, and, probably, by Fe<sup>2+</sup> and Fe<sup>3+</sup> in soil ion-exchange complex. Transformed soils were characterized by a very low degree of base saturation (less than 20%). Estimation of the saturation degree of liquid phases of transformed soils with poorly soluble compounds revealed a high oversaturation of soil solutions with Fe<sup>3+</sup> and Al<sup>3+</sup> hydroxides. The total content of HM in transformed soil profiles were lower than background values due to the removal of soil reserves of elements in highly acidic conditions (pH<4.5). Among the morphological features of transformed forest soils intensification of podzolization process (acid hydrolysis of fine clay fractions of aluminosilicates) as well as; ferrugination (segregation of ferric iron, mainly in amorphous or poorly crystallized forms) and carbon enrichment of coal origin can be noted. Due to AMD impact that had destroyed fine clay minerals, numerous clarified areas were formed, composed of quartz and feldspar. Semi-hydromorphic soils with signs of gleying and peat accumulation were formed in subsidence areas.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Soil mesoarthropods in areas of coal mining under environmental recovery

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1215-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayanna do Nascimento Machado ◽  
Ervandil Corrêa Costa ◽  
Leandra Pedron
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Soil Mesofauna ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Environmental Recovery ◽  
Eucalyptus Dunnii ◽  
One Year ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
The Impact

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the soil mesofauna composition in non-mining and in mining areas under environmental recovery with native vegetation and forest planting, in a coalmine in Southern Brazil. Five treatments were evaluated: native vegetation in non-mining area; plantation of Acacia mearnsii in non-mining area; plantation of A. mearnsii in mining area; plantation of Eucalyptus dunnii in non-mining area; and plantation of E. dunnii in mining area. Four soil samples per treatment were collected monthly, during one year. The organisms were extracted using a Berlese funnel with 50-W incandescent light. A total of 23,911 organisms were collected from the soil mesofauna, which were identified and distributed into 13 taxonomic groups. The abundance of specimens was similar between treatments. The greatest diversity of taxonomic groups was found under A. mearnsii plantation, in the mining area, and under E. dunnii plantations in non-mining and mining areas, all with 13 groups. Eucalyptus dunnii and A. mearnsii help to mitigate the impact of coal mining on the diversity of the soil mesofauna taxonomic groups, since the composition of mesoarthropods is similar to that of areas that have not been directly affected by mining.

scholarly journals The change in carbonate state and other properties in chronosequences of abandoned soils in different parent rocks in the reserve «Galich'ia Gora» in the Lipetsk oblast

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M. Bulysheva ◽  
◽  
Olga S. Khokhlova ◽  
Nikita O. Bakunovich ◽  
Alexey V. Rusakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Radiocarbon Age ◽  
Carbonate Carbon ◽  
Haplic Chernozems ◽  
Parent Rocks ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Stable Forms

The article considers the change in the properties of Haplic Chernozems (Aric) on loesslike loams and Сalcaric Phaeozems (Aric) on Paleogene, Neogene red-colored sands with limestone eluvium of the Lipetsk region when they are transferred from cropland to fallow. The main attention is focused on the change in the carbonate status of soils. According to the results of the study, it was found that the transformation of both types of soils formed on different rocks obeys a single trend. Carbonates in Chernozems during their stay in fallow are washed down the profile; stable forms of carbonate pedofeatures gradually disappear. The content and stocks of carbonate carbon in the 0-200 cm layer in Haplic Chernozems (Aric) decrease by 27.5 t/ha by 25 years of fallow state. In Сalcaric Phaeozems (Aric), changes in the carbonate status are less pronounced; nevertheless, it was found that in the arable soil on the fragments of limestone, secondary carbonate films in the form of acicular calcite are formed on top of clay films, which was not observed in the abandoned soils. When the soil is in the fallow, the physical and mechanical properties of the soil improve: the structure of the arable horizons is improved, density decreases. The organic carbon content is reduced. This is an atypical result of postagrogenic transformation of Haplic Chernozems (Aric). In the fallow soils of other regions of steppe and forest-steppe, we observed the process of accumulation of organic carbon. The decrease in soil organic carbon while in the fallow is associated with the use of soil-saving technologies for agricultural use. The radiocarbon age of humus in subsurface horizons increases when soil is in the fallow. The radiocarbon age of carbonates in soils varies depending on the amount of lithogenic calcite inclusion.

scholarly journals 14C Dating to Study the Development of Soils in the Forest-Steppe of the Central Russian Upland as a Result of Bioclimatic Changes and Long-Term Cultivation

Radiocarbon ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1185-1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yury Chendev ◽  
Aleksandr Aleksandrovskiy ◽  
Olga Khokhlova ◽  
Vadim Skripkin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Central Russian Upland ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTTemporal changes in soils of forest landscapes of the forest-steppe zone—Haplic Luvisols and Greyzemic Phaeozems—under the impact of Holocene climate changes (natural factor) and long-term cultivation (anthropogenic factor) were studied on level interfluves of the Central Russian Upland. These soils were developed from covering loesslike loam of varying thickness. To study soil evolution under the impact of climate changes, soil chronosequences of archaeological sites—paleosols buried under ramparts of ancient settlements and background surface soils of adjacent areas—were analyzed. The time of the soil burying was determined via the 14C dating of charcoal from thin twigs sampled in the material of ramparts immediately above the surface of buried soils. According to 14C dates, the paleosols were buried in the interval from 2450±40 to 1150±110 BP. Before the Subatlantic period, these paleosols developed under grassland (steppe), which is proved by their properties typical of steppe soils and by the presence of paleokrotovinas—the features created by the burrowing activity of steppe animals (mole rats)—in the studied profiles. The 14C dates of the total organic carbon of humus in the dark gray filling of a paleokrotovina from a Phaeozem buried at the depth of 140–150 cm under the rampart of 1150±110 BP in age ranged from 6080±150 to 2810±60 BP. The evolution of steppe Chernozems into forest Phaeozems and Luvisols took place in the Late Holocene. The anthropogenic evolution of forest Luvisols and Phaeozems under the impact of long-term (more than 150–230 years) plowing was analyzed in the soil agrochronosequences that included background soils under native forest vegetation and their arable analogs with different durations of cultivation. It was concluded that this evolution is directed towards Chernozemic pedogenesis, i.e., it proceeds in the direction opposite to the natural trend of pedogenesis in the Late Holocene. This process takes place despite the traditional practice of limited application of organic fertilizers in arable farming in the studied region. A decrease in the mean residence time (MRT) of total organic carbon (TOC) in the old-arable soils is considered a consequence of the formation and accumulation of fresh humus material in the profiles of cultivated soils—one of the major processes in the transformation of arable forest soils into Chernozems. The accumulation of carbonates and an increase in their 14C age take place in the arable soils in comparison with their forest analogs. In the agrochronosequence from the Polyana site, the 14C age of carbonates at the depth of 170–180 cm reaches 8000±100, 8270±150, and 9150±100 BP under the forest, 100-year-old plowland, and 150-year-old plowland, respectively. This can be explained by the ascending migration of ancient carbonates from the parent material in suspensions. In the analogous Samarino agrochronosequence, the 14C age of carbonates from the depth of 90–100 cm comprised 6500±90, 7150±100, and 12,360±230 BP, respectively. Thus, the studied forest-steppe soils have a polygenetic nature specified by a complicated history of pedogenesis under the impact of both natural (climate-driven forest invasion into steppe) and anthropogenic (deforestation and land plowing) factors.

scholarly journals Corporate Responsibility towards the Protection and Management of the Environmental Land of Used Mine

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Mahfud Mahfud
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Corporate Responsibility ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Disturbed Land ◽  
Environmentally Sound ◽  
The Impact

Humans exploiting their natural resources must always be based on an environmental approach. This is reasonable because environmental problems are closely related to population growth, the impact of which is the high demand for natural resources. One of the natural resources most widely used by humans for various purposes is coal. The negative impact of coal mining is to trigger deforestation and exacerbate climate change. This writing uses normative juridical research. The approach used is the statutory approach. Therefore, the management process of exploring and exploiting every mining material, especially coal, requires various AMDAL mechanisms as part of environmentally sound development management. Provisions regarding mineral and coal mining activities oblige mining companies to carry out reclamation and post-mining activities of the mining areas they cultivate. The scope of the implementation of reclamation activities starts from exploration, land clearing, excavation of top and over-borders, coal excavation, land arrangement, revegetation, including nursery preparation, and maintenance and evaluation of activity results. Reclamation is carried out no later than one month after there are no more mining business activities on disturbed land. Reclamation and post-mining activities are one of the obligations of mining business activities.

scholarly journals Assessment of Impacts of Coal Mining in the Region of Sydney, Australia on the Aquatic Environment Using Macroinvertebrates and Chlorophyll as Indicators

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aal-e Ali ◽  
Daniel Sloane ◽  
Vladimir Strezov
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Mine Discharge ◽  
Water And Sediment Quality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sydney Australia

Coal and coal seam gas mining have impacts on the water and sediment quality in the proximity of the mining areas, increasing the concentrations of heavy metals downstream of the mine discharge points. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of coal mining on the environment in the Sydney region, by investigating macroinvertebrates and chlorophyll as indicators of industrial pollution and environmental impairment. The study revealed changes in abundance, taxonomic richness, and pollution sensitive macroinvertebrate groups. A statistical evaluation of the aquatic life was performed and a correlation of the contaminants with the presence of a community in the ecosystem were studied. The environmental sustainability of the investigated rivers and streams with water chemistry affecting the biological system was assessed. A non-uniformity in the changes were observed, indicating a difference in the tolerance level of different invertebrates.

scholarly journals TECHNOGENESIS OF SOIL IN COAL MINING AREAS OF KUZBASS

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
А. Заушинцена ◽  
A. Zaushintsena ◽  
Н. Кожевников ◽  
N. Koghevnikov
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Coal Deposits ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
The Impact

The article covers the problem of soil degradation caused by industrial activity. The paper discusses the current levels of landscape and environmental changes on the territory of Kuzbass coal deposits. The author tries to analyze the dependence of the environmental situation in the Kemerovo region on the condition of soil that was disturbed by mining. It was found that the impact of coal mining enterprises leads to disruption of the existing dynamic equilibrium in the biosphere, at both regional and global level. The necessity to introduce strict environmental monitoring of soil cover and binding works to restore disturbed areas was demonstrated.

Working conditions and occupational pathology of coal miners in the Arctic

2019 ◽  
pp. 452-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Gorbanev ◽  
S. A. Syurin ◽  
N. M. Frolova
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Coal Miners ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Due to the impact of adverse working conditions and climate, workers in coal-mining enterprises in the Arctic are at increased risk of occupational diseases (OD).The aim of the study was to study the working conditions, causes, structure and prevalence of occupational diseases in miners of coal mines in the Arctic.Materials and methods. Th e data of social and hygienic monitoring “Working conditions and occupational morbidity” of the population of Vorkuta and Chukotka Autonomous District in 2007–2017 are studied.Results. It was established that in 2007–2017 years, 2,296 ODs were diagnosed for the first time in 1851 coal mines, mainly in the drifters, clearing face miners, repairmen and machinists of mining excavating machines. Most often, the ODs occurred when exposed to the severity of labor, fibrogenic aerosols and hand-arm vibration. The development of professional pathology in 98% of cases was due to design flaws of machines and mechanisms, as well as imperfections of workplaces and technological processes. Diseases of the musculoskeletal system (36.2%), respiratory organs (28.9%) and nervous system (22.5%) prevailed in the structure of professional pathology of miners of coal mines. Among the three most common nosological forms of OD were radiculopathy (32.1%), chronic bronchitis (27.7%) and mono-polyneuropathy (15.4%). In 2017, coal miners in the Arctic had a professional morbidity rate of 2.82 times higher than the national rates for coal mining.Conclusions. To preserve the health of miners of coal mining enterprises, technical measures to improve working conditions and medical interventions aimed at increasing the body’s resistance to the effects of harmful production and climatic factors are necessary.

AMOUNT AND STRUCTURE OF THE BIOLOGICAL FERTILITY OF SOYA, DEPENDING ON THE SYSTEM OF MAIN TILLAGE OF SOIL AND MEASURES TO OPTIMIZE NUTRITION MODE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Novokhatskyi ◽  
◽  
V. Targonya ◽  
T. Babinets ◽  
O. Gorodetskyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Biological Productivity ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
The Impact

Aim. Assessment of the impact of the most common systems of basic tillage and biological methods of optimization of nutrition regimes on the realization of the potential of grain productivity of soybean in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The research used general scientific (hypothesis, experiment, observation) and special (field experiment, morphological analysis) methods Results. The analysis of the results of field experiments shows that the conservation system of soil cultivation, which provided the formation of 27.6 c/ha of grain, is preferable by the level of biological yield of soybean. The use of other systems caused a decrease in the biological yield level: up to 26.4 c/ha for the use of the traditional system, up to 25.3 c/ha for the use of mulching and up to 23.0 c/ha for the use of the mini-till. With the use of Groundfix, the average biological yield of soybean grain increases to 25.6 c / ha for application rates of 5 l/ha, and to 28.2 c/ha for application rates of 10 l/ha when control variants (without the use of the specified preparation) an average of 22.6 c/ha of grain was formed with fluctuations in soil tillage systems from 21.0 (mini-bodies) to 25.8 c/ha (traditional).The application of Groundfix (10 l/ha) reduced the seed abortion rate from 11.0% (average without biofertilizer variants) to 8.0%, forming the optimal number of stem nodes with beans, increasing the attachment height of the lower beans and improving other indicators of biological productivity soybeans. Conclusions. It has been found that the use of the canning tillage system generates an average of 27.6 cent soybean grains, which is the highest indicator among the main tillage systems within the scheme of our research. The use of Groundfix caused a change in this indicator: if the variants with a conservative system of basic tillage without the use of biological preparation (control) were formed on average 24.1 c/ha, the use of Ground Licks caused the increase of biological productivity up to 29.4 c/ha, and at a dose of 10 l/ha biological yield was 32.2 c/ha. It was found that both the use of Groundfix and the basic tillage system influenced the elements of the yield structure: the density of the plants at the time of harvest depended more on the tillage system than on the use of Groundfix; the use of Groundfix and increasing its dose within the scheme of our studies positively reflected on the density of standing plants; the height of attachment of the lower beans and reduced the abortion of the seeds.

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