New Technologies, Techniques and Tools to Dynamically Manage Urban Resilience: the Fresnel Platform for Greater Paris

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Drouen ◽  
Daniel Schertzer ◽  
Ioulia Tchiguirinskaia
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Data Science ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Stakeholder Consultation ◽  
Meteorological Observatory ◽  
Wide Range

<p>As cities are put under greater pressure from the threat of the global impact of climate change, in particular the risk of heavier rainfall and flooding, there is a growing need to establish a hierarchical form of resilience in which critical infrastructure can become sustainable. The main difficulty is that geophysics and urban dynamics are strongly nonlinear with an associated, extreme variability over a wide range of space-time scales. To better link the fundamental and experimental research on these topics, an advanced urban hydro-meteorological observatory with the associated SaaS developments, the Fresnel platform (https://hmco.enpc.fr/portfolio-archive/fresnel-platform/), has been purposely set-up to provide the concerned communities with the necessary observation data thanks to an unprecedented deployment of higher resolution sensors, that easily yield Big Data.</p><p>To give an example, the installation of the polarimetric X-band radar at the ENPC’s campus (East of Paris) introduced a paradigm change in the prospects of environmental monitoring in Ile-de France. The radar is operated since May 2015 and has several characteristics that makes it of central importance for the environmental monitoring of the region. In particular, it demonstrated the crucial importance to have high resolution 3D+1 data, whereas earlier remote sensing developments have been mostly focused on vertical measurements.</p><p>This presentation discusses the associated Fresnel SaaS (Sofware as a Service) platform as an example of nowadays IT tools to dynamically enhance urban resilience. It is rooted on an integrated suite of modular components based on an asynchronous event-driven JavaScript runtime environment. It features non-blocking interaction model and high scalability to ensure optimized availability. It includes a comprehensive and (real-time) accessible database to support multi-criteria choices and it has been built up through stakeholder consultation and participative co-creation. At the same time these components are designed in such a way that they are tunable for specific case studies with the help of an adjustable visual interface. Depending on that case study, these components can be integrated to satisfy the particular needs with the help of maps other visual tools and forecasting systems, eventually from third parties.</p><p>All these developments have greatly benefited from the support of the Chair “Hydrology for a Resilient City” (https://hmco.enpc.fr/portfolio-archive/chair-hydrology-for-resilient-cities/) endowed by the world leader industrial in water management and from previous EU framework programmes. To sustain the necessary public-private partnerships, Fresnel facilitates synergies between research and innovation, fosters the theoretical research, national and international collaborative networking, and the development of various aspects of data science for a resilient city.</p>

New cloud-based tool to Dynamically Manage Urban Resilience: the Fresnel Platform for Greater Paris

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Drouen ◽  
Daniel Schertzer ◽  
Ioulia Tchiguirinskaia
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Web Browser ◽  
Data Accessibility ◽  
Urban Dynamics ◽  
Strongly Nonlinear ◽  
Runtime Environment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Extreme Variability

<p>As cities are put under greater pressure from the threat of impacts of climate change, in particular the risk of heavier rainfall and flooding, there is a growing need to establish a hierarchical form of resilience in which critical infrastructures can become sustainable. The main difficulty is that geophysics and urban dynamics are strongly nonlinear with an associated, extreme variability over a wide range of space-time scales.</p><p>The polarimetric X-band radar at the ENPC’s campus (East of Paris) introduced a paradigm change in the prospects of environmental monitoring in Ile-de France. The radar is operated since May 2015 and has several characteristics that makes it of central importance for the environmental monitoring of the region.</p><p>Based on the radar data and other scientific mesurement tools, the platform for greater Paris was developped in participative co-creation, and in scientific collaboration with the world leader industrial in water management. As the need for data accessibility, a fast and reliable infrastructure were major requirements from the scientific community, the platform was build as a cloud-based solution. It provides scientific weather specialists, as well as water manager,  a fast and steady platform accessible from their web browser on desktop and mobile displays.</p><p>It was developped using free and open sources librairies, it is rooted on an integrated suite of modular components based on an asynchronous event-driven JavaScript runtime environment. It includes a comprehensive and (real-time) accessible database and also provides tools to analyse historical data on different time and geographic scales around the greater Paris.</p><p>The Fresnel SaaS (Sofware as a Service) cloud-based platform is an example of nowadays IT tools to dynamically enhance urban resilience. Developments are still in progress, in constant request and feedback loops from the scientific and professional world.</p>

scholarly journals On to the Next Chapter for Crop Breeding: Convergence with Data Science

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elhan S. Ersoz ◽  
Nicolas F. Martin ◽  
Ann E. Stapleton
Keyword(s):  
Data Science ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Predictive Analytics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Wide Range

Crop breeding is as ancient as the invention of cultivation.  In essence, the objective of crop breeding is to improve plant fitness under human cultivation conditions, making crops more productive while maintaining consistency in life cycle and quality. The applications of predictive breeding has been gaining momentum in agricultural industry and public breeding programs for the last decade, in the aftermath of genomic selection being recognized and widely applied for accelerating genetic gain in breeding programs. The massive amounts of data that has been generated by industry and farmers year after year through several decades has finally been recognized as an asset. A wide range of analytical methods such as machine learning, deep learning and artificial intelligence that were initially developed for diverse quantitative disciplines are now being adopted to crop breeding decision making processes. New technologies are currently being developed that would enable integration of data from various domains such as geospatial variables and a multitude of phenotypic responses as well as genetic information, in order to identify, develop and improve crop faster via partial or full automation of the decisions that pertain to variety development. Here we will discuss and summarize efforts from public and private domains for predictive analytics, and its applications to crop breeding and agricultural product development, and provide suggestions for future research.

scholarly journals A Case about the Upgrade of Manufacturing Equipment for Insertion into an Industry 4.0 Environment

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (15) ◽  
pp. 3304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo A. García-Garza ◽  
Horacio Ahuett-Garza ◽  
Maria G. Lopez ◽  
Pedro Orta-Castañón ◽  
Thomas R. Kurfess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Data Science ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Manufacturing Equipment ◽  
Industrial Systems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inspection Process

Industry 4.0 is a synonym for the confluence of technologies that allows the integration of information technology, data science, and automated equipment, to produce smart industrial systems. The process of inserting new technologies into current conventional environments involves a wide range of disciplines and approaches. This article presents the process that was followed to identify and upgrade one station in an industrial workshop to make it compatible with the more extensive system as it evolves into the Industry 4.0 environment. An information processing kit was developed to upgrade the equipment from an automated machine to an Industry 4.0 station. The kit includes a structure to support the sensor and the data processing unit; this unit consisted of a minicomputer that records the data, graded the performance of the components, and sent the data to the cloud for storage, reporting, and further analysis. The information processing kit allowed the monitoring of the inspection system and improved the quality and speed of the inspection process.

Site specific agricultural soil management with the use of new technologies

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Digital Interface ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soil Variation ◽  
Soil Information ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Agricultural Areas

<p>The Soil Science Institute of Thessaloniki produces new digitized Soil Maps that provide a useful electronic database for the spatial representation of the soil variation within a region, based on in situ soil sampling, laboratory analyses, GIS techniques and plant nutrition mathematical models, coupled with the local land cadastre. The novelty of these studies is that local agronomists have immediate access to a wide range of soil information by clicking on a field parcel shown in this digital interface and, therefore, can suggest an appropriate treatment (e.g. liming, manure incorporation, desalination, application of proper type and quantity of fertilizer) depending on the field conditions and cultivated crops. A specific case study is presented in the current work with regards to the construction of the digitized Soil Map of the regional unit of Kastoria. The potential of this map can easily be realized by the fact that the mapping of the physicochemical properties of the soils in this region provided delineation zones for differential fertilization management. An experiment was also conducted using remote sensing techniques for the enhancement of the fertilization advisory software database, which is a component of the digitized map, and the optimization of nitrogen management in agricultural areas.</p>

To the 70th anniversary of World Meteorological Organization. Scientific and technical cooperation of Hydrometeorological Center of the USSR/Russia in the Programs of World Meteorological Organization

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-138
Author(s):  
S.V. Borshch ◽  
◽  
R.M. Vil’fand ◽  
D.B. Kiktev ◽  
V.M. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
World Meteorological Organization ◽  
70Th Anniversary ◽  
Technical Level ◽  
Technical Cooperation ◽  
Wide Range

The paper presents the summary and results of long-term and multi-faceted experience of international scientific and technical cooperation of Hydrometeorological Center of Russia in the field of hydrometeorology and environmental monitoring within the framework of WMO programs, which indicates its high efficiency in performing a wide range of works at a high scientific and technical level. Keywords: World Meteorological Organization, major WMO programs, representatives of Hydrometeorological Center of Russia in WMO

Digital Authoritarianism and the Future of Human Rights

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Tiberiu Dragu ◽  
Yonatan Lupu
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Theoretic Model ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
Human Rights Regime ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Game Theoretic ◽  
Strategic Context

Abstract How will advances in digital technology affect the future of human rights and authoritarian rule? Media figures, public intellectuals, and scholars have debated this relationship for decades, with some arguing that new technologies facilitate mobilization against the state and others countering that the same technologies allow authoritarians to strengthen their grip on power. We address this issue by analyzing the first game-theoretic model that accounts for the dual effects of technology within the strategic context of preventive repression. Our game-theoretical analysis suggests that technological developments may not be detrimental to authoritarian control and may, in fact, strengthen authoritarian control by facilitating a wide range of human rights abuses. We show that technological innovation leads to greater levels of abuses to prevent opposition groups from mobilizing and increases the likelihood that authoritarians will succeed in preventing such mobilization. These results have broad implications for the human rights regime, democratization efforts, and the interpretation of recent declines in violent human rights abuses.

2D and 3D CFD Investigations of Seabed Shear Stresses Around Subsea Pipelines

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenwen Shen ◽  
Terry Griffiths ◽  
Mengmeng Xu ◽  
Jeremy Leggoe
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Suspended Sediment Transport ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Parametric Function ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
North West ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Subsea Pipelines

For well over a decade it has been widely recognised that existing models and tools for subsea pipeline stability design fail to account for the fact that seabed soils tend to become mobile well before the onset of pipeline instability. Despite ample evidence obtained from both laboratory and field observations that sediment mobility has a key role to play in understanding pipeline/soil interaction, no models have been presented previously which account for the tripartite interaction between the fluid and the pipe, the fluid and the soil, and the pipe and the soil. There are numerous well developed and widely used theories available to model pipe-fluid and pipe-soil interactions. A challenge lies in the way to develop a satisfactory fluid-soil interaction algorithm that has the potential for broad implementation under both ambient and extreme sea conditions due to the complexity of flow in the vicinity of a seabed pipeline or cable. A widely used relationship by Shields [1] links the bedload and suspended sediment transport to the seabed shear stresses. This paper presents details of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) research which has been undertaken to investigate the variation of seabed shear stresses around subsea pipelines as a parametric function of pipeline spanning/embedment, trench configuration and wave/current properties using the commercial RANS-based software ANSYS Fluent. The modelling work has been undertaken for a wide range of seabed geometries, including cases in 3D to evaluate the effects of finite span length, span depth and flow attack angle on shear stresses. These seabed shear stresses have been analysed and used as the basis for predicting sediment transport within the Pipe-Soil-Fluid (PSF) Interaction Model [2] in determining the suspended sediment concentration and the advection velocity in the vicinity of pipelines. The model has significant potential to be of use to operators who struggle with conventional stabilisation techniques for the pipelines, such as those which cross Australia’s North West Shelf, where shallow water depths, highly variable calcareous soils and extreme metocean conditions driven by frequent tropical cyclones result in the requirement for expensive and logistically challenging secondary stabilisation measures.

Durban’s 100 Resilient Cities journey: governing resilience from within

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 547-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra Roberts ◽  
Joanne Douwes ◽  
Catherine Sutherland ◽  
Vicky Sim
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
South African City ◽  
Policy Discourse ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
African City ◽  
Global Policy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Urban Risk

Urban resilience is the focus of a global policy discourse that is being mobilized by a wide range of organizations to reduce urban risk and respond to the shocks and stresses facing cities. This paper explores the process of “governing for resilience” through Durban’s resilience journey as part of the 100 Resilient Cities (100RC) programme. From an insider perspective, it presents both 100RC and Durban’s approaches to developing a resilience strategy. It reflects on the contestations that emerged as Durban and 100RC struggled over the meaning and practice of urban resilience. The paper develops a continuum of urban resilience approaches to analyse the conflicts that emerged as the global programme of urban resilience travelled to, and landed in, a South African city. The paper argues that a global framing of urban resilience needs to be responsive to a world of cities that share common risk trajectories but have different contexts and vulnerabilities.(1)

scholarly journals In Vitro Synergistic Interactions of Isavuconazole and Echinocandins against Candida auris

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 355
Author(s):  
Unai Caballero ◽  
Sarah Kim ◽  
Elena Eraso ◽  
Guillermo Quindós ◽  
Valvanera Vozmediano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Model ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Fungistatic Activity ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Time Kill

Candida auris is an emergent fungal pathogen that causes severe infectious outbreaks globally. The public health concern when dealing with this pathogen is mainly due to reduced susceptibility to current antifungal drugs. A valuable alternative to overcome this problem is to investigate the efficacy of combination therapy. The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro interactions of isavuconazole with echinocandins against C. auris. Interactions were determined using a checkerboard method, and absorbance data were analyzed with different approaches: the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI), Greco universal response surface approach, and Bliss interaction model. All models were in accordance and showed that combinations of isavuconazole with echinocandins resulted in an overall synergistic interaction. A wide range of concentrations within the therapeutic range were selected to perform time-kill curves. These confirmed that isavuconazole–echinocandin combinations were more effective than monotherapy regimens. Synergism and fungistatic activity were achieved with combinations that included isavuconazole in low concentrations (≥0.125 mg/L) and ≥1 mg/L of echinocandin. Time-kill curves revealed that once synergy was achieved, combinations of higher drug concentrations did not improve the antifungal activity. This work launches promising results regarding the combination of isavuconazole with echinocandins for the treatment of C. auris infections.

scholarly journals Product formalisms for measures on spaces with binary tree structures: representation, visualization, and multiscale noise

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devasis Bassu ◽  
Peter W. Jones ◽  
Linda Ness ◽  
David Shallcross
Keyword(s):  
Data Science ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Continuous Functions ◽  
Noise Model ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Tree Structures ◽  
Simple Concept ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Computer Scientists

Abstract In this paper, we present a theoretical foundation for a representation of a data set as a measure in a very large hierarchically parametrized family of positive measures, whose parameters can be computed explicitly (rather than estimated by optimization), and illustrate its applicability to a wide range of data types. The preprocessing step then consists of representing data sets as simple measures. The theoretical foundation consists of a dyadic product formula representation lemma, and a visualization theorem. We also define an additive multiscale noise model that can be used to sample from dyadic measures and a more general multiplicative multiscale noise model that can be used to perturb continuous functions, Borel measures, and dyadic measures. The first two results are based on theorems in [15, 3, 1]. The representation uses the very simple concept of a dyadic tree and hence is widely applicable, easily understood, and easily computed. Since the data sample is represented as a measure, subsequent analysis can exploit statistical and measure theoretic concepts and theories. Because the representation uses the very simple concept of a dyadic tree defined on the universe of a data set, and the parameters are simply and explicitly computable and easily interpretable and visualizable, we hope that this approach will be broadly useful to mathematicians, statisticians, and computer scientists who are intrigued by or involved in data science, including its mathematical foundations.

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