Assessment of variation of baseflow contribution to stream flow in a hard-rock aquifer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siva Naga Venkat Nara ◽  
Sekhar Muddu ◽  
Prosenjit Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Stream Flow ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Hard Rock ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Flow Data ◽  
Cauvery Basin ◽  
Direct Runoff ◽  
Recursive Digital Filter ◽  
Ecological Functioning

<p>Stream flow is combination of two major portion of flows as direct runoff and baseflow. Study of baseflow and direct runoff is much needed to understand the hydrology of a watershed, including surface and sub-surface water interaction, and to assess the ecological functioning of streams. Tropical countries like India facing major challenges in water management; especially for irrigation and drinking water. In such regions identification of baseflow sources, knowledge of baseflow availability and analysis of their varied contribution to the stream is needful. Baseflow plays a critical role in maintaining streamflow, especially during pre and post monsoon periods.</p><p>Recursive digital filter technique is adopted for the daily stream flow data measured at river gauge stations on Kabini stream of Cauvery basin, to separate baseflow component from stream flow hydrograph. In terms of hydrogeology, since Cauvery basin occupied with hard-rock terrain, it is important to investigate the intra annual variation of groundwater discharge into the stream. In the present study an attempt has been made by considering daily stream flow data at two river gauge observation points, and annual baseflow and baseflow index is calculated through RDF method. The results obtained from RDF method are validated with the help of hydrogeochemical tracers by applying End Member Mixing Analysis (EMMA) to the hydrogeochemical data for the period of 2018-19 hydrological cycle.</p>

scholarly journals Near–surface air temperature and snow skin temperature comparison from CREST-SAFE station data with MODIS land surface temperature data

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 7665-7687 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Pérez Díaz ◽  
T. Lakhankar ◽  
P. Romanov ◽  
J. Muñoz ◽  
R. Khanbilvardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Near Surface

Abstract. Land Surface Temperature (LST) is a key variable (commonly studied to understand the hydrological cycle) that helps drive the energy balance and water exchange between the Earth's surface and its atmosphere. One observable constituent of much importance in the land surface water balance model is snow. Snow cover plays a critical role in the regional to global scale hydrological cycle because rain-on-snow with warm air temperatures accelerates rapid snow-melt, which is responsible for the majority of the spring floods. Accurate information on near-surface air temperature (T-air) and snow skin temperature (T-skin) helps us comprehend the energy and water balances in the Earth's hydrological cycle. T-skin is critical in estimating latent and sensible heat fluxes over snow covered areas because incoming and outgoing radiation fluxes from the snow mass and the air temperature above make it different from the average snowpack temperature. This study investigates the correlation between MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LST data and observed T-air and T-skin data from NOAA-CREST-Snow Analysis and Field Experiment (CREST-SAFE) for the winters of 2013 and 2014. LST satellite validation is imperative because high-latitude regions are significantly affected by climate warming and there is a need to aid existing meteorological station networks with the spatially continuous measurements provided by satellites. Results indicate that near-surface air temperature correlates better than snow skin temperature with MODIS LST data. Additional findings show that there is a negative trend demonstrating that the air minus snow skin temperature difference is inversely proportional to cloud cover. To a lesser extent, it will be examined whether the surface properties at the site are representative for the LST properties within the instrument field of view.

scholarly journals Characteristics of multi-annual variation of precipitation in areas particularly exposed to extreme phenomena. Part 1. The upper Vistula river basin

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 00121
Author(s):  
Bernard Twaróg
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Initial Section ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Vistula River

The study contains an analysis of precipitation, covering multiple profiles and based on the GPCC database that provides monthly mean values for the territory upper Vistula catchment. The analysis includes data for the period 1901-2010 with a spatial resolution of 0.5° × 0.5° of geographic longitude and latitude. The initial section of the analysis contains an assessment of GPCC data accuracy for the territory of Poland and the period 1961-1990. The following sections include a data analysis in monthly profiles and hydrological cycle profiles, taking into account hydrological summer and hydrological winter. A cluster analysis is also included, with drought and flood periods indicated. The periodical nature of precipitation is assessed and the trends in climate changes calculated.

scholarly journals Climatic Variability and Periodicity for Upstream Sub-Basins of the Yangtze River, China

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveed Ahmed ◽  
Genxu Wang ◽  
Martijn J. Booij ◽  
Adeyeri Oluwafemi ◽  
Muhammad Zia-ur-Rahman Hashmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yangtze River ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Pettitt Test ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On

The headwaters of the Yangtze River are located on the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau, which is affected by climate change. Here, treamflow trends for Tuotuohe and Zhimenda sub-basins and relations to temperature and precipitation trends during 1961–2015 were investigated. The modified Mann–Kendall trend test, Pettitt test, wavelet analysis, and multivariate correlation analysis was deployed for this purpose. The temperature and precipitation significantly increased for each sub-basin, and the temperature increase was more significant in Tuotuohe sub-basin as compared to the Zhimenda sub-basin. A statistically significant periodicity of 2–4 years was observed for both sub-basins in different time spans. Higher flow periodicities for Tuotuohe and Zhimenda sub-basin were found after 1991 and 2004, respectively, which indicates that these are the change years of trends in streamflows. The influence of temperature on streamflow is more substantial in Tuotuohe sub-basin, which will ultimately impact the melting of glaciers and snowmelt runoff in this sub-basin. Precipitation plays a more critical role in the Zhimenda streamflow. Precipitation and temperature changes in the headwaters of the Yangtze River will change the streamflow variability, which will ultimately impact the hydropower supply and water resources of the Yangtze Basin. This study contributes to the understanding of the dynamics of the hydrological cycle and may lead to better hydrologic system modeling for downstream water resource developments.

scholarly journals Effects of Air Temperature and Precipitation on Soil Moisture on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the 2015 Growing Season

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Qingyan Xie ◽  
Jianping Li ◽  
Yufei Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Ecosystem Stability ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) holds massive freshwater resources and is one of the most active regions in the world with respect to the hydrological cycle. Soil moisture (SM) plays a critical role in hydrological processes and is important for plant growth and ecosystem stability. To investigate the relationship between climatic factors (air temperature and precipitation) and SM during the growing season in various climate zones on the QTP, data from three observational stations were analyzed. The results showed that the daily average (Tave) and minimum air temperatures (Tmin) significantly influenced SM levels at all depths analyzed (i.e., 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 cm deep) at the three stations, and Tmin had a stronger effect on SM than did Tave. However, the daily maximum air temperature (Tmax) generally had little effect on SM, although it had showed some effects on SM in the middle and deeper layers at the Jiali station. Precipitation was an important factor that significantly influenced the SM at all depths at the three stations, but the influence on SM in the middle and deep layers lagged the direct effect on near-surface SM by 5–7 days. These results suggest that environment characterized by lower temperatures and higher precipitation may promote SM conservation during the growing season and in turn support ecosystem stability on the QTP.

A COMPARITIVE ANALYSIS AND TIME SERIES FORECASTING OF MONTHLY STREAM FLOW DATA USING HYBRID MODEL

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siraj Muhammed Pandhiani ◽  
Ani Shabri
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Model ◽  
Stream Flow ◽  
Mean Absolute Error ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Flow Data ◽  
Indus River ◽  
Proposed Model

In this study, new hybrid model is developed by integrating two models, the discrete wavelet transform and least square support vector machine (WLSSVM) model. The hybrid model is then used to measure for monthly stream flow forecasting for two major rivers in Pakistan. The monthly stream flow forecasting results are obtained by applying this model individually to forecast the rivers flow data of the Indus River and Neelum Rivers. The root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and the correlation (R) statistics are used for evaluating the accuracy of the WLSSVM, the proposed model. The results are compared with the results obtained through LSSVM. The outcome of such comparison shows that WLSSVM model is more accurate and efficient than LSSVM.

Geometrical considerations in the acquisition of borehole interferometric data for imaging near-vertical features: Design of field experiments

Geophysics ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. K1-K10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Brand ◽  
Charles Hurich ◽  
Sharon Deemer
Keyword(s):  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Hard Rock ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Seismic Profile ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Seismic Interferometry ◽  
Surface Source ◽  
Major Factors

Seismic interferometry applied to walkaway vertical seismic profile data has significant potential for imaging the steeply dipping structures often encountered in hard-rock minerals exploration. Using the interferometry process, surface shots can be redatumed to the borehole receivers resulting in virtual shot gathers. The virtual shot gathers can then be processed using a standard common midpoint (CMP) processing flow. Carrying out this procedure for a subvertical borehole results in a geometry that is optimal for imaging structures that are near vertical. Field acquisition parameters play a critical role in recovering reliable virtual source images. We evaluated the major factors that play a role in designing a field acquisition program with the objective of providing guidance to field practitioners. The major issue to be considered is insuring that correlation gathers created in the interferometry process have a stationary phase component that when summed produces events with correct timing and cancellation of nonstationary components. Consistent with previous work, the ray-tracing-based analysis identified the surface source spacing, surface source aperture, and dominant frequency as the most critical parameters. The analysis indicated that because of the high apparent velocities typically encountered in hard rock terrains, a surface source spacing of 20 m and an aperture of 1000 m will result in stationary phase components and avoid spatial alias in the correlation gathers for frequencies as high as 80 Hz. However, closer spacing of the surface sources provided more traces in the correlation gathers resulting in fewer artifacts during summation. These results were further verified by acoustic wave modeling that provided data from more complex targets that were processed through a complete interferometry and CMP flow. The analysis indicated that with care in designing field acquisition parameters, seismic interferometry is realizable within the terrain and access restrictions imposed by many mining camps.

An analysis of stream-flow data for iowa

1937 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 419
Author(s):  
F. T. Mavis ◽  
Edward Soucek
Keyword(s):  
Stream Flow ◽  
Flow Data

scholarly journals Environmental DNA for the enumeration and management of Pacific salmon

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taal Levi ◽  
Jennifer M. Allen ◽  
Donovan Bell ◽  
John Joyce ◽  
Joshua R. Russell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stream Flow ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Flow Data ◽  
Counting Method ◽  
Daily Sampling ◽  
Fish Abundances ◽  
Management Challenge ◽  
Keystone Resource

AbstractPacific salmon are a keystone resource in Alaska, generating annual revenues of well over ∼US$500 million/yr. Due to their anadromous life history, adult spawners distribute amongst thousands of streams, posing a huge management challenge. Currently, spawners are enumerated at just a few streams because of reliance on human counters and, rarely, sonar. The ability to detect organisms by shed tissue (environmental DNA, eDNA) promises a more efficient counting method. However, although eDNA correlates generally with local fish abundances, we do not know if eDNA can accurately enumerate salmon. Here we show that daily, and near-daily, flow-corrected eDNA rate closely tracks daily numbers of returning sockeye and coho spawners and outmigrating sockeye smolts. eDNA thus promises accurate and efficient enumeration, but to deliver the most robust numbers will need higher-resolution stream-flow data, at-least-daily sampling, and a focus on species with simple life histories, since shedding rate varies amongst jacks, juveniles, and adults.

scholarly journals Stochastic Generation of Low Stream Flow Data of Iokastis Stream, Kavala City, NE Greece

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 579
Author(s):  
Thomas Papalaskaris ◽  
Theologos Panagiotidis
Keyword(s):  
Stream Flow ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Urban Stream ◽  
Flow Data ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Tests ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Anderson Darling

Only a few scientific research studies, especially dealing with extremely low flow conditions, have been compiled so far, in Greece. The present study, aiming to contribute in this specific area of hydrologic investigation, generates synthetic low stream flow time series of an entire calendar year considering the stream flow data recorded during a center interval period of the year 2015. We examined the goodness of fit tests of eleven theoretical probability distributions to daily low stream flow data acquired at a certain location of the absolutely channelized urban stream which crosses the roads junction formed by Iokastis road an Chrisostomou Smirnis road, Agios Loukas residential area, Kavala city, NE Greece, using a 3-inches conventional portable Parshall flume and calculated the corresponding probability distributions parameters. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Anderson-Darling and Chi-Squared, GOF tests were employed to show how well the probability distributions fitted the recorded data and the results were demonstrated through interactive tables providing us the ability to effectively decide which model best fits the observed data. Finally, the observed against the calculated low flow data are plotted, compiling a log-log scale chart and calculate statistics featuring the comparison between the recorded and the forecasted low flow data.

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