3D printing the world: developing geophysical teaching materials and outreach packages

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Koelemeijer ◽  
Jeff Winterbourne ◽  
Renaud Toussaint ◽  
Christophe Zaroli
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Plate Tectonics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Dynamic Topography ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Effective Models

<p>3D-printing techniques allow us to visualise geophysical concepts that are difficult to grasp, making them perfect for incorporation into teaching and outreach packages. Abstract models, often represented as 2D coloured maps, become more tactile when represented as 3D physical objects. In addition, new questions tend to be asked and different features noticed when handling such objects, while they also make outreach and education more inclusive to the visually impaired.</p><p>Some of our most effective models are simply exaggerated planetary topography in 3D, including Earth, Mars and the Moon. The resulting globes provide a powerful way to explain the importance of plate tectonics in shaping a planet and linking surface features to deeper dynamic processes. In addition, we have developed a simple method for portraying abstract global models by 3D printing globes of surface topography, representing the parameter of interest as additional, exaggerated long-wavelength topography. This workflow has been applied to models of dynamic topography, the geoid and seismic tomography. In analogy to Russian nesting dolls, the resulting “seismic matryoshkas” have multiple layers that can be removed by the audience to explore the structures present deep within our planet and learn about the ongoing dynamic processes.</p><p>While these 3D objects are easily printed on a cheap (<300 GBP, 400USD) desktop 3D-printer, the printing times still prohibit large-scale production. To ensure that there is sufficient material in a teaching setting, we have therefore also developed complementary paper equivalents. By projecting the coloured maps onto a dodecahedron, we developed cut-out-and-fold models to be handed out in a classroom setting to complement the 3D printed globes used for demonstration purposes. Together with animations, suggested questions and instructor “cheat-sheets”, these materials form a complete teaching and outreach package that is both interactive and inclusive.</p>

scholarly journals 3D Printing the World: Developing Geophysical Teaching Materials and Outreach Packages

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Koelemeijer ◽  
Jeff Winterbourne
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Public Engagement ◽  
Plate Tectonics ◽  
Seismic Velocity ◽  
Scalar Fields ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Dynamic Topography ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Velocity Models ◽  
Teaching Aids

Measurements and models of global geophysical parameters such as potential fields, seismic velocity models and dynamic topography are well-represented as traditional contoured and/or coloured maps. However, as teaching aids and for public engagement, they offer little impact. Modern 3D printing techniques help to visualise these and other concepts that are difficult to grasp, such as the intangible structures in the deep Earth. We have developed a simple method for portraying scalar fields by 3D printing modified globes of surface topography, representing the parameter of interest as additional, exaggerated topography. This is particularly effective for long-wavelength (>500 km) fields. The workflow uses only open source and free-to-use software, and the resulting models print easily and effectively on a cheap (<$300) desktop 3D printer. In this contribution, we detail our workflow and provide examples of different models that we have developed with suggestions for topics that can be discussed in teaching and public engagement settings. Some of our most effective models are simply exaggerated planetary topography in 3D, including Earth, Mars, and the Moon. The resulting globes provide a powerful way to explain the importance of plate tectonics in shaping a planet and linking surface features to deeper dynamic processes. In addition, we have applied our workflow to models of crustal thickness, dynamic topography, the geoid and seismic tomography. By analogy to Russian nesting dolls, our “seismic matryoshkas” have multiple layers that can be removed by the audience to explore the structures present deep within our planet and to learn about ongoing dynamic processes. Handling our globes provokes new questions and draws attention to different features compared with 2D maps. Our globes are complementary to traditional methods of representing geophysical data, aiding learning through touch and intuition and making education and outreach more inclusive for the visually impaired and students with learning disabilities.

Synthesis and Thermal Stability of HfO2 Nanoparticles

2010 ◽  
Vol 1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Girija Shankar Chaubey ◽  
Yuan Yao ◽  
Julien Pierre Amelie Makongo Mangan ◽  
Pranati Sahoo ◽  
Pierre F. P. Poudeu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Good Thermal Stability ◽  
Large Scale Production

AbstractA simple method is reported for the synthesis of monodispersed HfO2 nanoparticles by the ammonia catalyzed hydrolysis and condensation of hafnium (IV) tert-butoxide in the presence of surfactants at room temperature. Transmission electron microscopy shows faceted nanoparticles with an average diameter of 3-4 nm. As-synthesized nanoparticles are amorphous in nature and crystallize upon moderate heat treatment. The HfO2 nanoparticles have a narrow size distribution, large specific surface area and good thermal stability. Specific surface area was about 239 m2/g on as-prepared nanoparticle samples while those annealed at 500 °C have specific surface area of 221 m2/g indicating that there was no significant increase in particle size. This result was further confirmed by TEM images of nanoparticles annealed at 300 °C and 500 °C. X-ray diffraction studies of the crystallized nanoparticles revealed that HfO2 nanoparticles were monoclinic in structure. The synthetic procedure used in this work can be readily modified for large scale production of monodispersed HfO2 nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Simple method for large-scale production of macrophage activating factor GcMAF

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Nabeshima ◽  
Chiaki Abe ◽  
Takeshi Kawauchi ◽  
Tomoko Hiroi ◽  
Yoshihiro Uto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Antiangiogenic Therapy ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Gc Protein ◽  
Serum Free Suspension

Abstract Human group-specific component protein (Gc protein) is a multifunctional serum protein which has three common allelic variants, Gc1F, Gc1S and Gc2 in humans. Gc1 contains an O-linked trisaccharide [sialic acid-galactose-N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)] on the threonine420 (Thr420) residue and can be converted to a potent macrophage activating factor (GcMAF) by selective removal of sialic acid and galactose, leaving GalNAc at Thr420. In contrast, Gc2 is not glycosylated. GcMAF is considered a promising candidate for immunotherapy and antiangiogenic therapy of cancers and has attracted great interest, but it remains difficult to compare findings among research groups because different procedures have been used to prepare GcMAF. Here, we present a simple, practical method to prepare high-quality GcMAF by overexpressing Gc-protein in a serum-free suspension culture of ExpiCHO-S cells, without the need for a de-glycosylation step. We believe this protocol is suitable for large-scale production of GcMAF for functional analysis and clinical testing.

F, P double-doped Fe3O4 with abundant defect sites for efficient hydrogen evolution at high current density

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin-Yu Zhang ◽  
Fengting Li ◽  
Ruo-Yao Fan ◽  
Jie Zhao ◽  
Bin Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Activity ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
High Current ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Defect Sites ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

Developing of high-activity electrocatalysts that can operate stably at high current density is important but still challenging for large-scale production of hydrogen. Herein, we report a simple method for constructing...

scholarly journals 3D printed multiplexed electrospinning sources for large-scale production of aligned nanofiber mats with small diameter spread

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (42) ◽  
pp. 425302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika García-López ◽  
Daniel Olvera-Trejo ◽  
Luis F Velásquez-García
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Nanofiber Mats

I. S. A. Baud. Forms of Production and Women's Labour: Gender Aspects of Industrialisation in India and Mexico. New Delhi: Sage Publications. 1992. 321 pp.Hardbound. Price: Indian Rs 295.00.

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-131
Author(s):  
Naureen Talha
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Commodity Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Mexican Society ◽  
Small Production

The literature on female labour in Third World countries has become quite extensive. India, being comparatively more advanced industrially, and in view of its size and population, presents a pictures of multiplicity of problems which face the female labour market. However, the author has also included Mexico in this analytical study. It is interesting to see the characteristics of developing industrialisation in two different societies: the Indian society, which is conservative, and the Mexican society, which is progressive. In the first chapter of the book, the author explains that he is not concerned with the process of industrialisation and female labour employed at different levels of work, but that he is interested in forms of production and women's employment in large-scale production, petty commodity production, marginal small production, and self-employment in the informal sector. It is only by analysis of these forms that the picture of females having a lower status is understood in its social and political setting.

An Efficient and Improved Process for the Synthesis of Itopride Hydrochloride and Trimethobenzamide Hydrochloride

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ponnusamy Kannan ◽  
Samuel I.D. Presley ◽  
Pallikondaperumal Shanmugasundaram ◽  
Nagapillai Prakash ◽  
Deivanayagam Easwaramoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Hydrochloride Salt ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Non Ulcer Dyspepsia ◽  
Itopride Hydrochloride ◽  
Yield And Purity

Aim and Objective: Itopride is a prokinetic agent used for treating conditions like non-ulcer dyspepsia. Itopride is administered as its hydrochloride salt. Trimethobenzamide is used for treating nausea and vomiting and administered as its hydrochloride salt. The aim is to develop a novel and environmental friendly method for large-scale production of itopride and trimethobenzamide. Materials and Methods: Itopride and trimethobenzamide can be prepared from a common intermediate 4- (dimethylaminoethoxy) benzyl amine. The intermediate is prepared from one pot synthesis using Phyrdroxybenzaldehye and zinc dust and further reaction of the intermediate with substituted methoxy benzoic acid along with boric acid and PEG gives itopride and trimethobenzamide. Results: The intermediate 4-(dimethylaminoethoxy) benzylamine is prepared by treating p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 2-dimethylaminoethyl chloride. The aldehyde formed is treated with hydroxylamine hydrochloride. The intermediate is confirmed by NMR and the purity is analysed by HPLC. Conclusion: Both itopride and trimethobenzamide were successfully synthesized by this method. The developed method is environmental friendly, economical for large-scale production with good yield and purity.

scholarly journals Cyanobacteria—From the Oceans to the Potential Biotechnological and Biomedical Applications

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Shaden A. M. Khalifa ◽  
Eslam S. Shedid ◽  
Essa M. Saied ◽  
Amir Reza Jassbi ◽  
Fatemeh H. Jamebozorgi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Marine Products ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Successful Phase

Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotic organisms which represent a significant source of novel, bioactive, secondary metabolites, and they are also considered an abundant source of bioactive compounds/drugs, such as dolastatin, cryptophycin 1, curacin toyocamycin, phytoalexin, cyanovirin-N and phycocyanin. Some of these compounds have displayed promising results in successful Phase I, II, III and IV clinical trials. Additionally, the cyanobacterial compounds applied to medical research have demonstrated an exciting future with great potential to be developed into new medicines. Most of these compounds have exhibited strong pharmacological activities, including neurotoxicity, cytotoxicity and antiviral activity against HCMV, HSV-1, HHV-6 and HIV-1, so these metabolites could be promising candidates for COVID-19 treatment. Therefore, the effective large-scale production of natural marine products through synthesis is important for resolving the existing issues associated with chemical isolation, including small yields, and may be necessary to better investigate their biological activities. Herein, we highlight the total synthesized and stereochemical determinations of the cyanobacterial bioactive compounds. Furthermore, this review primarily focuses on the biotechnological applications of cyanobacteria, including applications as cosmetics, food supplements, and the nanobiotechnological applications of cyanobacterial bioactive compounds in potential medicinal applications for various human diseases are discussed.

scholarly journals A Review on Additive Manufacturing Possibilities for Electrical Machines

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1940
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman Naseer ◽  
Ants Kallaste ◽  
Bilal Asad ◽  
Toomas Vaimann ◽  
Anton Rassõlkin
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electrical Machines ◽  
Electromagnetic Properties ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
One Step ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

This paper presents current research trends and prospects of utilizing additive manufacturing (AM) techniques to manufacture electrical machines. Modern-day machine applications require extraordinary performance parameters such as high power-density, integrated functionalities, improved thermal, mechanical & electromagnetic properties. AM offers a higher degree of design flexibility to achieve these performance parameters, which is impossible to realize through conventional manufacturing techniques. AM has a lot to offer in every aspect of machine fabrication, such that from size/weight reduction to the realization of complex geometric designs. However, some practical limitations of existing AM techniques restrict their utilization in large scale production industry. The introduction of three-dimensional asymmetry in machine design is an aspect that can be exploited most with the prevalent level of research in AM. In order to take one step further towards the enablement of large-scale production of AM-built electrical machines, this paper also discusses some machine types which can best utilize existing developments in the field of AM.

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