Experimental study of methane emission from lake seeps of Western Siberia permafrost zone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liudmila Krivenok ◽  
Vladimir Kazantsev ◽  
Yury Dvornikov
Keyword(s):  
Gas Hydrates ◽  
Methane Concentration ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Yamal Peninsula ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Methane Hydrates ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Natural Sources

<p>Methane is one of the most potent greenhouse gases affecting climate change. According to different estimates, natural sources contribute 35–50% to global CH<sub>4</sub> emission. Among them, the third-biggest source is lakes emitting to the atmosphere 10–50 TgCH<sub>4</sub> per year [Anderson et al., 2010].</p><p>We have discovered two gas seeps during the summer 2019 field campaign within the lake near the Vas’kiny Dachi research station (Central Yamal, Western Siberia). Measurement of the ebullition intensity in tenfold replicate and gas sampling were carried out using a bubble trap of the original design. The concentration of methane in seep gas was determined by a Crystal 5000.2 gas chromatograph with a flame ionization detector; each sample was diluted tenfold with air. We calculated the annual CH<sub>4</sub> flux from seep to the atmosphere with the consideration of the intensity of seep ebullition and the methane concentration in gas equal during the year. To determine the potential source of the gas, we analyzed the isotopic composition of CH<sub>4</sub> (<em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C and <em>δ</em>D) by a Delta-V mass spectrometer.</p><p>The values (median ± SD) of the gas ebullition are 175 ± 26 mL/min and 127 ± 10 mL/min for the first and second seeps respectively. The methane concentration in gas is 95–100%. The intensity of CH<sub>4</sub> emission from the first seep is 89.7 thousand L or 64 kg per year; from the second seep is 65.1 thousand L or 46.5 kg per year.</p><p>Analysis of the content of <em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C and <em>δ</em>D isotopes in methane gives the following results.</p><ul><li>For the first seep: <em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C vs VPDB, ‰ = −75.73, <em>δ</em>D vs VSMOW, ‰ = −226.68.</li> <li>For the second seep: <em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C vs VPDB, ‰ = −76.97, <em>δ</em>D vs VSMOW, ‰ = −222.31.</li> </ul><p>According to the classification from [Whiticar, 1999], seep methane is of biogenic origin. Potentially, gas could migrate to the lake surface through sub-lake talik from the underlying geological horizon containing methane hydrates in self-preserved form as widely documented for this area [Chuvilin et al., 2000].</p><p>To summarize, lake seeps of the Western Siberia tundra zone have been studied as a source of the atmospheric methane for the first time. Considering the occurrence of methane hydrates withing permafrost in the study area, we describe a path of the CH<sub>4</sub> release from decomposing gas hydrates into the atmosphere in the northern part of Western Siberia.</p><p>The study was partially supported by the RAS Program no. 20 and the state contract of the IAP RAS no. 075-03-2019-628.</p><p>References:</p><p>Anderson B., Bartlett K., Frolking S. et al. Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from natural sources. Washington: EPA. 2010. 194 p.</p><p>Chuvilin E.M., Yakushev V.S., Perlova E.V. Gas and possible gas hydrates in the permafrost of Bovanenkovo gas field, Yamal Peninsula, West Siberia // Polarforschung. 2000. V. 68. P. 215–219.</p><p>Whiticar M. Carbon and hydrogen isotope systematics of bacterial formation and oxidation of methane. Chemical Geology. 1999. V. 161. P. 291–314.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals The Development of a Low-Cost Method for Monitoring Methane Leakage from the Subsurface of Natural Gas Fields

Methane ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-37
Author(s):  
Muhammad Alfiza Farhan ◽  
Yuichi Sugai ◽  
Nuhindro Priagung Widodo ◽  
Syafrizal Syafrizal
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Methane Concentration ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Methane Leakage ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Adsorbed Methane ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Gas Fields

The leakage of methane from the subsurface on the coalfield or natural gas field invariably becomes an important issue nowadays. In notable addition, materials such as activated carbon, zeolites, and Porapak have been successfully identified as adsorbents. Those adsorbents could adsorb methane at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. Therefore, in this scholarly study, a new method using adsorbents to detect points of methane leakage that can cover a wide-scale area was developed. In the beginning, the most capable adsorbent should be determined by quantifying adsorbed methane amount. Furthermore, checking the possibility of adsorption in the column diffusion and desorption method of adsorbents is equally necessary. The most capable adsorbent was activated carbon (AC), which can adsorb 1.187 × 10−3 mg-CH4/g-AC. Hereinafter, activated carbon successfully can adsorb methane through column diffusion, which simulates the situation of on-site measurement. The specific amount of adsorbed methane when the initial concentrations of CH4 in a bag were 200 ppm, 100 ppm, and 50 ppm was found to be 0.818 × 10−3 mg-CH4/g-AC, 0.397 × 10−3 mg-CH4/g-AC, 0.161 × 10−3 mg-CH4/g-AC, respectively. Desorption of activated carbon analysis shows that methane concentration increases during an hour in the temperature bath under 80 °C. In conclusion, soil methane leakage points can be detected using activated carbon by identifying the observed methane concentration increase.

scholarly journals Heat flow and presence of oil and gas (the Yamal peninsula, Tomsk region)

Georesursy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
Valery I. Isaev ◽  
Galina A. Lobova ◽  
Alexander N. Fomin ◽  
Valery I. Bulatov ◽  
Stanislav G. Kuzmenkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flow ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Sedimentary Cover ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Yamal Peninsula ◽  
Flow Density ◽  
Positive Anomaly ◽  
Tomsk Region ◽  
History Of

The possibilities of Geothermy as a geophysical method are studied to solve forecast and prospecting problems of Petroleum Geology of the Arctic regions and the Paleozoic of Western Siberia. Deep heat flow of Yamal fields, whose oil and gas potential is associated with the Jurassic-Cretaceous formations, and the fields of Tomsk Region, whose geological section contents deposits in the Paleozoic, is studied. The method of paleotemperature modeling was used to calculate the heat flow density from the base of a sedimentary section (by solving the inverse problem of Geothermy). The schematization and mapping of the heat flow were performed, taking into account experimental determinations of the parameter. Besides, the correlation of heat flow features with the localization of deposits was revealed. The conceptual and factual basis of research includes the tectonosedimentary history of sedimentary cover, the Mesozoic-Cenozoic climatic temperature course and the history of cryogenic processes, as well as lithologic and stratigraphic description of the section, results of well testing, thermometry and vitrinite reflectivity data of 20 deep wells of Yamal and 37 wells of Ostanino group of fields of Tomsk region. It was stated that 80 % of known Yamal deposits correlate with anomalous features of the heat flow. Bovanenkovskoe and Arkticheskoe fields are located in positive anomaly zones. 75 % of fields of Ostanino group relate to anomalous features of the heat flow. It is shown that the fields, which are characterized by existence of commercial deposits in the Paleozoic, are associated with the bright gradient zone of the heat flow. The forecast of commercial inflows in the Paleozoic for Pindzhinskoe, Mirnoe and Rybalnoe fields is given. The correlation between the intensity of naftidogenesis and the lateral inhomogeneity of the deep heat flow is characterized as a probable fundamental pattern for Western Siberia.

Accessory and Ore Mineralization of Schists from the Basement of the Yamal Peninsula (Zapadno-Yarotinsky Area, Western Siberia)

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Yuriy V. Erokhin ◽  
Kirill S. Ivanov ◽  
Anatoliy V. Zakharov ◽  
Vera V. Khiller
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Yamal Peninsula ◽  
Metamorphic Rocks ◽  
The West ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Ore Minerals ◽  
Ore Mineralization ◽  
Native Silver ◽  
The Yamal Peninsula

The results of studying the mineralogy of metamorphic schists from the Pre-Jurassic base of the Arctic part of the West Siberian plate are presented. The accessory and ore mineralization of schists from the Zapadno-Yarotinsky license area located in the southern part of the Yamal Peninsula is studied. The schists was uncovered by the Zapadno-Yarotinskaya No. 300 well at a depth of 2762 m. Above the section, the metamorphic rocks are overlain by a young Meso-Cenozoic cover. The schists are mainly composed of quartz, plagioclase (albite), carbonates (dolomite and siderite), mica (muscovite) and chlorite (donbassite). The discovered accessory and ore minerals in the metamorphic schists of the Zapadno-Yarotinsky area can be divided into two groups. The first group includes minerals that were formed during the metamorphism of schists, or were preserved as detrital matter. These minerals include zircon, fluorapatite, and rutile as the most stable compounds. The remaining mineralization (pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, cubanite, galena, cobaltite, barite, xenotime-(Y), goyazite, synchysite-(Nd), native silver and copper) is clearly secondary and was formed as a result of superimposed metasomatic processes. Judging from the described mineralogy, the schists underwent changes as a result of superimposed propyllitization. The temperature range of this process is determined by the formation of cubanite in association with chalcopyrite at a temperature of 200-210 оС.

The effectiveness of dicyandiamide in reducing nitrous oxide emissions from a cattle-grazed, winter forage crop in Southland, New Zealand

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 160 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Smith ◽  
C. A. M. de Klein ◽  
R. M. Monaghan ◽  
W. D. Catto
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Spring Period ◽  
Simulated Grazing

A study was conducted in Southland, New Zealand to: (i) measure nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and nitrate (NO3–-N) leaching losses from a cattle-grazed, winter forage crop; and (ii) quantify the effect of dicyandiamide (DCD) in reducing these losses. Drainage losses were measured for 12 months (December 2005–November 2006) from a December-sown kale crop using 12 hydrologically isolated drainage plots at the Woodlands Research Station. N2O emissions were measured for 6 months (June–November) following simulated grazing of the crop in mid-June. N2O emissions from the bare ground following grazing of the crop amounted to 3.6 kg nitrogen (N)/ha for the winter–spring period. This figure is higher than that measured for pasture on the same soil type over a similar period. DCD application significantly reduced N2O emissions for the whole crop area by 25% over this period and reduced the N2O emission factor for urine by 54%. DCD application increased the length of time mineral N (0–10 cm soil depth) was maintained in the ammonium form and significantly reduced soil NO3–-N levels for 6 weeks following the simulated grazing. Annual NO3–-N losses in drainage under this winter forage crop were relatively high at 79 kg N/ha.year, with the majority of this (67%) being lost over the wet summer months (December–January rainfall 434 mm or 200% of normal) during crop growth. The application of DCD following the grazing resulted in a 47% decrease in NO3–-N leached over the winter–spring period (26 kg N/ha v. 14 kg N/ha) with this equating to a 29% decrease over the full 12-month measurement period. This study suggested that winter forage crops are major contributors to N losses from livestock farming systems in Southland and that DCD application following the grazing of such crops by cattle can significantly reduce N2O emissions and leaching N losses.

scholarly journals ISOMERS OF 3-CHLORO-N,N,N-TRIS(3-METHYLBUTYL)PROP-2-EN-1-AMMINIUM CHLORIDE AS COMPLEX OIL AND GAS FIELD REAGENTS WITH ANTIHYDRATE, ANTICORROSIVE AND BACTERICIDAL ACTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 80-84
Author(s):  
Rinat N. Shakhmaev ◽  
Alisa Sh. Sunagatullina ◽  
Vladimir V. Zorin
Keyword(s):  
Gas Hydrates ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Quaternary Salt ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Water Model ◽  
Bactericidal Action ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Oil And Gas Field ◽  
Allyl Rearrangement

One of the most promising classes of low-dosage hydrate inhibitors is anti-agglomerants, which are favorably characterized by high efficacy at very low working concentrations (0.1-0.5%). We have investigated the possibility of creating new anti-agglomerants with enhanced anticorrosive and bactericidal properties based on the quaternization of tris(3-methylbutyl)amine with (E)- and (Z)-1,3-dichloropropene isomers. It is well known that compounds with a 3-chloroprop-2-enyl fragment have a pronounced anticorrosive and bactericidal action. Thus, the presence in the quaternization products of isopentyl groups and 3-chloroprop-2-enyl fragments that are optimal for preventing agglomeration of the gas hydrates can contribute to the complex antihydrate, anticorrosive and bactericidal activity of these compounds. An attempt to conduct the alkylation of tris(3-methylbutyl)amine with (E)-1,3-dichloropropene in standard solvent – boiling ethanol for 3 days leads to a low yield of the target quaternary salt. Using chromatography-mass spectrometry, it was established that there are significant amounts of by-products in the reaction mixture, which are formed as a result of various nucleophilic substitutions and elimination reactions. Alkylation of tris(3-methylbutyl)amine in boiling acetonitrile proceeds faster and more selectively in 80% yield of (E)-3-chloro-N,N,N-tris(3-methylbutyl)prop-2-en-1-amminium chloride in 20 h. A quaternization with (Z)-1,3-dichlopropene under the same conditions gives an isomeric quaternary salt with a similar yield. The alkylation of tris(3-methylbutyl)amine with isomers of 1,3-dichloropropene proceeds without allyl rearrangement and with full retention of the configuration of the chlorovinyl fragment. The structure and purity of the obtained compounds was unambiguously confirmed by NMR spectroscopy data. Tests in rocking cells using tetrahydrofuran-water model systems (forming the structure sII similar to natural gas hydrates), gravimetric and microbiological methods showed high antihydrate, anticorrosive and bactericidal efficiency of the obtained compounds in concentrations of 0.5%.

scholarly journals Geoinformation monitoring of the territory of Western Siberia

2021 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 03026
Author(s):  
Natalia Martynova ◽  
Valentina Budarova
Keyword(s):  
Gas Hydrates ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Siberian Region ◽  
Global Climate Warming ◽  
Scientific Experiments ◽  
Natural Mechanism ◽  
Observation Method

The article is devoted to the use of GIS technology for the control of swamp areas and environmental problems associated with the drainage of swamps in the industrial development of the West Siberian region, the main functions of swampy areas in the biosphere. The study examines the problems of drainage of swampy lands on the example of the territory of Western Siberia. Problems of the “greenhouse effect” and global climate warming, as well as problems of degradation and conservation of permafrost in the cryolithozone. It is established that swamps, as a natural mechanism for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, are the only land geosystems with a constant flow of atmospheric carbon there. The problem associated with gas hydrates and the possibility of activation of microorganisms during the degradation of permafrost has been identified. To date, in the course of scientific experiments and studies based on the observation method, it has been established that natural gas hydrates are extremely sensitive to various technogenic factors.

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