The behaviour of MgO in a giant impact setting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Bögels ◽  
Razvan Caracas
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Melting Curve ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Giant Impact ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
The Impact

<p>The Earth-Moon system and its formation is a topic of great scientific interest, and great debate over the past decades. The giant impact hypothesis is the currently accepted model to explain the formation of our moon. Accordingly, a mars-sized impactor collides with the proto-earth. This giant impact vaporized a significant portion of the impactor and the proto-earth, creating a large accretionary disk from which the moon subsequently formed. Currently, there is a large effort to build reliable thermodynamic descriptors for the building materials of the two bodies involved in the impact. Understanding the behavior of major rock-forming minerals under these extreme conditions is vital for increasing the accuracy of these models.</p><p>Magnesium oxide, MgO, is one of the fundamental building blocks for rocky planets. It is an archetype material of ionic solids and a well-known refractory material. Because of its relevance it has been studied extensively; experimental and theoretical results have been produced up to pressures of 800 GPa and temperatures reaching 20000 K. These pressure and temperature regions are of great interest for the planetary sciences, studying planetary interiors. The transformation of the face-centered B1 phase to the body-centered B2 phase and the associated melting curve have been modelled numerous times. In contrast, we know very little of the liquid behaviour of MgO under pressure, let alone at the low pressures found in accretionary disks.</p><p>Here we investigate the low-density high-temperature regime characteristic of after-shock isentropic release. We explore the subcritical and the supercritical regimes of MgO using ab initio molecular dynamics. We determine the position of the critical point and examine the structural and transport properties in the sub- and supercritical regimes. We find an elevated critical temperature in comparison with previously studied magnesium-silicates, in agreement to the refractory nature of MgO. Furthermore, we provide insight into the speciation of liquid MgO and the liquid-gas separation. We see a shift in Mg-O speciation towards lower degrees of coordination as the temperature is increased from 4000K to 10000K. This shift in speciation is less pronounced at higher densities. The majority of the chemical species forming the incipient gas phase consist of isolated Mg and O ions and some MgO and O<sub>2</sub>.</p><p>This research was supported by the European Research Council under EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement 681818 – IMPACT to RC). We acknowledge access to supercomputing facilities via eDARI stl2816, PRACE RA4947, and Uninet2 NN9697K grants.</p>

scholarly journals Enhancing the Human Health Status Prediction: the ATHLOS Project

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Anagnostou ◽  
Sotiris Tasoulis ◽  
Aristidis G. Vrahatis ◽  
Spiros Georgakopoulos ◽  
Matthew Prina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Missing Values ◽  
Data Imputation ◽  
High Complexity ◽  
Preventive Healthcare ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Learning Data

AbstractPreventive healthcare is a crucial pillar of health as it contributes to staying healthy and having immediate treatment when needed. Mining knowledge from longitudinal studies has the potential to significantly contribute to the improvement of preventive healthcare. Unfortunately, data originated from such studies are characterized by high complexity, huge volume and a plethora of missing values. Machine Learning, Data Mining and Data Imputation models are utilized as part of solving the aforementioned challenges, respectively. Towards this direction, we focus on the development of a complete methodology for the ATHLOS (Ageing Trajectories of Health: Longitudinal Opportunities and Synergies) Project - funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program, which aims to achieve a better interpretation of the impact of aging on health. The inherent complexity of the provided dataset lie in the fact that the project includes 15 independent European and international longitudinal studies of aging. In this work, we particularly focus on the HealthStatus (HS) score, an index that estimates the human status of health, aiming to examine the effect of various data imputation models to the prediction power of classification and regression models. Our results are promising, indicating the critical importance of data imputation in enhancing preventive medicine’s crucial role.

The Europlanet Evaluation Toolkit

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Heward ◽  
Jen DeWitt
Keyword(s):  
Worked Examples ◽  
Planetary Science ◽  
Hard Copy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Evaluation Approach ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Word Clouds ◽  
Interactive Workshop ◽  
The Impact

<div> <p>In this presentation, we will give an overview of the Europlanet Evaluation Toolkit, a resource that aims to empower outreach providers and educators in measuring and appraising the impact of their activities. The toolkit is intended to provide advice and resources that can be simply and easily integrated into normal outreach and education activities. It is available as an interactive online resource (http://www.europlanet-eu.org/europlanet-evaluation-toolkit/), as a downloadable PDF and as a hard copy (including a book and set of activity cards).</p> </div><div> <p>The toolkit has been developed over a number of years with content provided by professional outreach evaluators Karen Bultitude and Jennifer DeWitt (UCL, UK). Initially, a series of focus groups and scoping discussions were held with active outreach providers from the planetary science community in order to determine what they wanted from such a toolkit, and what sort of tools would be of most interest. A shortlist of tools was developed based on these discussions, with volunteers testing out the tool instructions once they were drafted.</p> </div><div> <p>The toolkit begins with a brief introduction to evaluation and steps to choosing the right tools. This advice takes the form of a series of questions to help design an evaluation approach and make the most efficient and effective use possible of limited time and resources.</p> </div><div> <p>The toolkit offers a choice of 14 data collection tools that can be selected according to the audience (e.g. primary, secondary, interested adult, general public), the type of environment and activity (e.g. drop-in, interactive workshop, ongoing series, lecture/presentation or online) or according to when they might best be used (during, beginning/end, or after an event). The online version of the toolkit includes a set of interactive tables to help with the selection of which tool is most appropriate for any given situation.</p> </div><div> <p>The toolkit includes descriptions and worked examples of how to use two techniques (word-clouds and thematic coding) to analyse the data, as well as some top tips for evaluation and recommended resources.</p> </div><div> <p>For some of the tools, case study examples include information about how the tools have been used in the context of an event, how data was actually collected and analysed and what conclusions were reached, based on the data gathered.</p> </div><div> <p>The Europlanet Evaluation Toolkit has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 871149 (Europlanet 2024 RI) and 654208 (Europlanet 2020 RI).</p> </div>

A modeling insight into the transport of large dust particles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Drakaki ◽  
Alexandra Tsekeri ◽  
Vasillis Amiridis ◽  
Stavros Solomos ◽  
Antonis Gkikas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Mineral Dust ◽  
Saharan Dust ◽  
Cloud Formation ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Airborne Dust ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
The Impact

<p>Mineral dust is an important component of the climate system, affecting radiation, cloud formation, biogeochemical cycles, as well as having negative effects on solar energy budget and human health. All these processes are affected from the size of the particles which is significantly underestimated by the Earth System Models. Here, we present results from a first attempt to modify the size distribution parameterizations in the GOCART-AFWA dust scheme of WRF - Chem, by including the large dust particles with diameters greater than 20 µm to describe the mineral dust cycle. The parameterization is based on Saharan dust observational datasets from FENNEC and SAMUM campaigns. We investigate the impact of the extended size distribution on the overall transported dust load and also the impact of particle settling considerations in deposition rates. The model results are compared with airborne dust measurements from AER-D campaign. In order to achieve the best agreement with the observations, an artificial force that counteracts gravity approximately by 80% for the large particles is needed, indicating the presence of one or more under-represented physical processes in the model.</p><p><strong>Acknowledgment:</strong> This research was supported by D-TECT (Grant Agreement 725698) funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. </p>

A new theory on Mercury's origin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Scherf ◽  
Nikolay Erkaev ◽  
Helmut Lammer
Keyword(s):  
Solar Nebula ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
The Body ◽  
Terrestrial Planets ◽  
Magma Ocean ◽  
Volatile Elements ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Giant Impact ◽  
First Time

<p>Of all the terrestrial planets in the Solar System Mercury stands out with a remarkably high core-mantle ratio, with its core occupying about 85% of the planetary radius. Several different theories tried to explain its high Fe/Si-ratio; the giant impact theory (e.g. [1]) for instance argues that one or more giant impacts stripped away most of the Hermean mantle, while the core remained and formed the smallest of the terrestrial planets. Another theory explains the high density of Mercury through a partial volatilization during the time of the solar nebula (e.g. [2]). Here, proto-Mercury is assumed to be substantially more massive than at present-day with a composition close to those of the other terrestrial planets. When the planet was surrounded by the hot solar nebula, however, most of the mantle evaporated, ending up with present-day Mercury. Other theories argue with the particular primordial conditions of its orbital location that might have favored the accretion of dense and volatile poor building-blocks such as enstatite chondrites (e.g. [3,4]). Messenger, however, revealed a surface composition that is surprisingly rich in volatile and moderately volatile elements [4]. This is hardly compatible with the giant impact and vaporization theory but supports hypothesis that connect Mercury’s high core-mantle ratio to the particular conditions of its orbital location.</p> <p>Within this talk, we will for the first time present a new model that connects these conditions with accretion and partial planetary evaporation. We will argue that Mercury (in contrast to old evaporation theories) was released out of the nebula as a small planetary embryo, comparable in size to the moon, that was covered with a global magma ocean. While the embryo proceeds to grow through frequent impactors, (moderately) volatile elements evaporate from the magma ocean and are lost into space due to the high surface temperature, the low gravity of the body and the high XUV flux from the young Sun. Here, lighter and more volatile elements are preferentially lost from the embryo, while the heavier and less volatile elements escape less efficient. Due to the continuous growth of proto-Mercury, however, the gravitational energy will start to dominate over the thermal energy of the evaporated particles, making them harder and harder to escape, which ultimately halts the loss of moderately volatile elements. Mercury subsequently finalizes its accretion with relatively volatile rich material and evolves to the body we can observe at present-day. We simulated the escape of (moderately) volatile elements with an adopted version of a 1D hydrodynamic upper atmosphere model (e.g. [5]) and will present our results here for the first time.</p> <p><strong>References:</strong> [1] Benz, W. et al., Space Sciences Series of ISSI, Volume 26, p. 7., 2008. [2] Cameron, A.G.W., Icarus, Volume 64, Issue 2, p. 285-294., 1985. [3] Charlier, B. and Namur, O., Elements, Volume 15, p. 9-14, 2019. [4] Nittler, Larry R. et al., Science, Volume 333, Issue 6051, pp. 1847, 2011. []5 Erkaev, et al., MNRAS, Volume 460, Issue 2, p.1300-1309, 2016.</p>

scholarly journals Impact of the Cooking Methods on the Tempeh Nutritional Composition

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 576-576
Author(s):  
Isabel Castanheira ◽  
Ana Serodio ◽  
Ana Nascimento ◽  
Sandra Gueifao ◽  
Susana Santiago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Profile ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Cooking Methods ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Promoting plant-based protein diets (PBPDs) is of utmost importance in public health nutrition. However, the studies on the nutrient profile of PBPDs for foods as consumed remain scare. Tempeh is a fermented vegetable food used as an alternative source of protein in plant-based and flexitarian diets. This study aims to: 1) compare the nutritional profile of “raw” tempeh available in Portugal (PT) and in the USA (according to data available at the USDA); 2) assess the impact of different cooking methods on the nutritional composition of tempeh. Methods Three pools (with 20 samples of 6 commercial brands – most consumed brands) of tempeh were analyzed, one “raw” and two cooked (sautéed and stewed). AOAC methods determined the macronutrient protein profile, total sugars and fat, Fe, Zn, Mg, Ca, P, Na and K by ICP-OES, and Cu Mn and Se by ICP-MS. Results Comparing with the tempeh values (IFDC 174272) from the USDA table, the “raw” tempeh from Portugal presents, in general, lower values for all parameters analyzed, except for carbohydrates, Na and Cu, which value are higher, and Se, which value is similar. Comparing the different cooking methods in PT tempeh, there are statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between the sautéed and the stewed for Fe, Zn, Mg, Ca, P, K and Mn; there are statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between the “raw” and the stewed sample for Na, Cu and Se; and there are no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) between proteins, fats and total sugars for any of the cooking methods. Conclusions The results showed that the nutritional composition of tempeh presents differences when its origin is PT or USA. Additionally, these results showed that the cooking method used determines the nutritional composition of this product, in terms of micronutrients. Important aspects such as the retention factors of these foods and the bioaccessibility of their components should deserve attention in future studies, especially when different cooking methods are considered. Funding Sources This work was completed under the METROFOOD-PP project frame and received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 871083.

scholarly journals ORCHESTRA project in Romania - a prospective occupational cohort to study the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
Dana Mateș ◽  
Violeta Claudia Calotă ◽  
Cătălin Alexandru Staicu ◽  
Lavinia Călugărenu ◽  
Mădălina Ipate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Vaccination Acceptance ◽  
Occupational Cohort ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact ◽  
International Research Project

Abstract ORCHESTRA is a three-year international research project funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, led by the University of Verona and involving 26 partners (extending to a wider network of 37 partners) from 15 countries. Romania is partner in ORCHESTRA project and is represented by The National Institute of Public Health. The challenge for the Romanian team is to enroll a prospective cohort of more than 1 000 health care workers and to follow-up, for at least 12 months, the impact of the pandemic at three main levels: mental health, long term consequences of COVID-19 and variation of the immune response in vaccinated. Secondary objectives are: the variation of risk perception during the pandemic, the preventive measures at workplace and how these evolved during the pandemic, vaccination acceptance and reasons of refusal. This paper aims to present a brief overview of the study design in Romania and the cohort description at baseline.

The Impact of Shariah Governance and Corporate Governance on the Risk Management Practices: Evidence from Local and Foreign Islamic Banks in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Sabri Embi ◽  
Zurina Shafii
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Shariah Governance ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of Shariah governance and corporate governance (CG) on the risk management practices (RMPs) of local Islamic banks and foreign Islamic banks operating in Malaysia. The Shariah governance comprises the Shariah review (SR) and Shariah audit (SA) variables. The study also evaluates the level of RMPs, CG, SR, and SA between these two type of banks. With the aid of SPSS version 20, the items for RMPs, CG, SR, and SA were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA). From the PCA, one component or factor was extracted each for the CG, SR, and RMPs while another two factors were extracted for the SA. Primary data was collected using a self-administered survey questionnaire. The questionnaire covers four aspects ; CG, SR, SA, and RMPs. The data received from the 300 usable questionnaires were subjected to correlation and regression analyses as well as an independent t-test. The result of correlation analysis shows that all the four variables have large positive correlations with each other indicating a strong and significant relationship between them. From the regression analysis undertaken, CG, SR, and SA together explained 52.3 percent of the RMPs and CG emerged as the most influential variable that impacts the RMPs. The independent t-test carried out shows that there were significant differences in the CG and SA between the local and foreign Islamic banks. However, there were no significant differences between the two types of the bank in relation to SR and RMPs. The study has contributed to the body of knowledge and is beneficial to academicians, industry players, regulators, and other stakeholders.

Influence of DAFS-25+polizon composition on blood and functional state of liver of steers at fattening

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Inna R. Kilmetova ◽  
◽  
Igor A. Rodin ◽  
Nazira I. Khayrullina ◽  
Nikolay G. Fenchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Stimulation Of

Summary. The disbalanced feeding and the uneven distribution of micro- and macroelements in the environment leads to a trace element, in particular hypomelanosis. To accelerate the growth and preservation of young farm animals include in the diet of various biological additives and drugs, which include selenium. For stimulation of weight gain in the livestock industry, as well as for the prevention and treatment of pathological processes in addition to micro - and macrouse amino acids, primarily methionine. The aim of this work was to study the influence of composition of DAFS-25+Polizon on morpho-biochemical parameters of blood and functional state of the liver in fattening bulls of black-motley breed in the conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Experiments using were conducted on bull-calves of black-motley breed of the properties in the properties age from 6 to 15 months. The first experimental group during the experiment was additionally given the composition of DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg, the animals of the control group received a standard diet. To assess the impact of the composition DAFS-25+Polizon on metabolism cattle studied morphological and biochemical indicators of blood and conducted histological examination of the liver. It is established that the use of the composition of DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg increases the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the experimental group and reduces the amount of white blood cells. The serum content of total protein, phosphorus and calcium increases in the group of experimental animals. Microscopic examination of the liver revealed no changes in the structure of the organ and hepatocytes in the experimental group, whereas in the control group hemodynamic disorders and dystrophic changes in liver cells were observed. Thus, the use of the composition DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg of live weight in fattening bulls black-and-white breed contributes to the increase of redox processes in the body, stimulation of metabolism, prevent the development of liver disorders of cellular mechanisms of metabolism, optimizes the structure of the liver, which generally provides higher productivity.

The Role of Research and Innovation in the Transformation of Agri-Food Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-63
Author(s):  
Mariana Sandu ◽  
Stefan Mantea
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Food System ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Determinant Factor ◽  
Rapid Transformation

Abstract Agri-food systems include branching ramifications, which connect in the upstream the input suppliers with farmers, and downstream farmers, processors, retailers and consumers. In the last decades, at the level of the regions, food systems have undergone rapid transformation as a result of technological progress. The paper analyzes the changes made to the structure, behavior and performance of the agri-food system and the impact on farmers and consumers. Also, the role of agricultural research as a determinant factor of transformation of agri-food system is analyzed. The research objective is to develop technologies that cover the entire food chain (from farm to fork) and meet the specific requirements of consumers (from fork to farm) through scientific solutions in line with the principles of sustainable agriculture and ensuring the safety and food safety of the population.

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