High-frequency river chemistry unveils the inner workings of concentration-discharge relationships during flood events

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Floury ◽  
Julien Bouchez ◽  
Jérôme Gaillardet ◽  
Arnaud Blanchouin ◽  
Patrick Ansart
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Agricultural Watershed ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Rain Event ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Event Stream ◽  
Major Species ◽  
Solute Fluxes ◽  
Short Time

<p>Shifts in water fluxes through the Critical Zone exert a major control on stream solute export, but the exact nature of this control is still obscure, especially at the scale of relatively short flood events. To address this question, here we take advantage of a new high-frequency, flood event stream concentration–discharge (C-Q) dataset. Stream dissolved concentration of major species were recorded every 40 minutes over five major flood events in 2015/2016 recorded in a French agricultural watershed using device called the "River Lab". We focus our attention on the flood recession periods to highlight how C-Q relationships are controlled by hydrological processes within the catchment rather than by the dynamics of the rain event.</p><p>We show that for C-Q relationships resulting from data acquisition over multi-year time scales and including several flood events, lumping all trends together potentially result in biases in characteristic parameters (such as exponents of a power-law fit), that are strongly dictated by data from the recession periods of the most intense floods alone.</p><p>In order to evaluate the role of mixing of pre-existing water and solute pools in the catchment, we apply to solute fluxes an approach previously developed in catchment hydrology linking water storage and stream flow. This approach, which considers that hydrological processes prevail over chemical interactions during the short time spans of flood events, allows us to reproduce at first order a large diversity of shapes of recession C-Q relationships.</p>

High Frequency Vibration of Worst Ear Lobule induced short period of Rapid Inhibition of any Cancer Activity including Advanced Terminal Cancers, Most Malignant Brain Tumor "Glioblastoma" as well as Cancer of Lung, Breast & Gastrointestinal Cancers particularly Pancreatic Cancer.

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-249
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki Omura
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
High Frequency Stimulation ◽  
Frequency Stimulation ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Cancer Activity ◽  
Stimulation Of

While a visiting Professor at the University of Paris, VI (formerly Sorvonne) more than 40 years ago, the Author became very good friends with Dr. Paul Nogier who periodically gave seminars and workshops in Paris. After the author diagnosed his cervical problem & offered him simple help, Dr. Nogier asked the Author to present lectures and demonstrations on the effects of ear stimulation, namely the effects of acupuncture & electrical stimulation of the ear lobules. It is only now, in 2019 that we have discovered 2–5 minute high frequency stimulation of the ear lobule inhibits cancer activity for 1– 4 hours post stimulation. Although the procedure is extremely simple. First take optimal dose of Vitamin D3, which has the most essential 10 unique beneficial factors required for every human cell activity. Next, apply high frequency stimulation to ear lobule while the worst ear lobule is held by all fingers with vibrator directly touching the surface of the worst ear lobule, preferably after patient repeatedly takes optimal dose of Vitamin D3. When the worst ear lobule is held between thumb & index fingers and applying mechanical stimulation of 250 ~ 500 mechanical vibration/second for 2 ~ 5 minutes using an electrical vibrator, there is rapid disappearance of cancer activity in both the brain and rest of the body for short time duration 1 ~ 4 hours. The effect often increases by additional pressure by holding fingers. As of May 2019, the Author found that many people from various regions of the world developed early stages of multiple cancers. For evaluation of this study, U. S. patented Bi-Digital O-Ring Test (BDORT) was used which was developed by the Author while doing his Graduate experimental physics research at Colombia University. BDORT was found to be most essential for determining the beneficial effects as well as harmful effects of any substance or treatment. Using BDORT, Author was the first to recognize severe increasing mid-backache was an early sign of pancreatic cancer of President of New York State Board of Medicine after top pain specialists failed to detect the cause after 3 years of effort, while the BDORT showed early stages of cancer whereas conventional X-Ray of the pancreas did not show any cancer image until 2 months after Author detected with BDORT. For example, the optimal dose of the banana is usually about 2.0 - 2.5 millimeters cross section of the banana. A whole banana is more than 50 ~ 100 times the optimal dose. Any substance eaten in more than 25 times of its optimal dose becomes highly toxic and creates DNA mutations which can cause multiple malignancies in the presence of strong electro-magnetic field. With standard medication given by doctor, patients often become sick and they are unable to reduce body weight, unless medication is reduced or completely stopped. When the amount of zinc is very high, DNA often becomes unstable and multiple cancers can grow rapidly in the presence of strong electromagnetic field. Large amount of Vitamin C from regular orange or orange juice inhibit the most important Vitamin D3 effects. At least 3 kinds of low Vitamin C oranges will not inhibit Vitamin D3. Since B12 particularly methyl cobalamin which is a red small tablet is known to improve brain circulation very significantly we examined its effect within 20 seconds of oral intake we found the following very significant changes. Acetylcholine in both sides of the brain often increases over 4,500 ng. Longevity gene Sirtuin 1 level increases significantly for short time of few hours. Thymosin α1 and Thymosinβ4 both increase to over 1500 ng from 20 ng or less.

scholarly journals Simulating cold-region hydrology in an intensively drained agricultural watershed in Manitoba, Canada, using the Cold Regions Hydrological Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 3483-3506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos R. C. Cordeiro ◽  
Henry F. Wilson ◽  
Jason Vanrobaeys ◽  
John W. Pomeroy ◽  
Xing Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Agricultural Watershed ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Red River ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Agricultural Watersheds ◽  
Cold Regions

Abstract. Etrophication and flooding are perennial problems in agricultural watersheds of the northern Great Plains. A high proportion of annual runoff and nutrient transport occurs with snowmelt in this region. Extensive surface drainage modification, frozen soils, and frequent backwater or ice-damming impacts on flow measurement represent unique challenges to accurately modelling watershed-scale hydrological processes. A physically based, non-calibrated model created using the Cold Regions Hydrological Modelling platform (CRHM) was parameterized to simulate hydrological processes within a low slope, clay soil, and intensively surface drained agricultural watershed. These characteristics are common to most tributaries of the Red River of the north. Analysis of the observed water level records for the study watershed (La Salle River) indicates that ice cover and backwater issues at time of peak flow may impact the accuracy of both modelled and measured streamflows, highlighting the value of evaluating a non-calibrated model in this environment. Simulations best matched the streamflow record in years when peak and annual discharges were equal to or above the medians of 6.7 m3 s−1 and 1.25  × 107 m3, respectively, with an average Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of 0.76. Simulation of low-flow years (below the medians) was more challenging (average NSE  <  0), with simulated discharge overestimated by 90 % on average. This result indicates the need for improved understanding of hydrological response in the watershed under drier conditions. Simulation during dry years was improved when infiltration was allowed prior to soil thaw, indicating the potential importance of preferential flow. Representation of in-channel dynamics and travel time under the flooded or ice-jam conditions should also receive attention in further model development efforts. Despite the complexities of the study watershed, simulations of flow for average to high-flow years and other components of the water balance were robust (snow water equivalency (SWE) and soil moisture). A sensitivity analysis of the flow routing model suggests a need for improved understanding of watershed functions under both dry and flooded conditions due to dynamic routing conditions, but overall CRHM is appropriate for simulation of hydrological processes in agricultural watersheds of the Red River. Falsifications of snow sublimation, snow transport, and infiltration to frozen soil processes in the validated base model indicate that these processes were very influential in stream discharge generation.

MEASURING SHOCK IN FINANCIAL MARKETS

2000 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 347-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
GILLES O. ZUMBACH ◽  
MICHEL M. DACOROGNA ◽  
JØRGEN L. OLSEN ◽  
RICHARD B. OLSEN
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Foreign Exchange Market ◽  
Exchange Market ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Time Horizons ◽  
Richter Scale ◽  
Market Shocks ◽  
Short Time

Analogous to the Richter scale for earthquakes, we introduce the Scale of Market Shocks (SMS), an "event" scale to quantify the size of shocks in financial markets. It is based on price volatilities and computed by integrating volatilities over time horizons ranging from 1 hour to 42 days. The SMS is computed using quality high frequency market data and can be constructed for any market. We compute the SMS for the foreign exchange market. For two major FX rates, we study the relation between SMS peaks and major "world events". We measure also the correlation between the Scale of Market Shocks index and the size of the subsequent price movements and show a high correlation for short time intervals.

scholarly journals Conceptual model of sedimentgraph from flood events in a small agricultural watershed

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Banasik ◽  
J. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Agricultural Watershed ◽  
Sediment Flux ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Sediment Routing ◽  
Suspended Sediment Flux ◽  
Lag Times

Conceptual model of sedimentgraph from flood events in a small agricultural watershed A procedure for predicting the sediment graph (i.e. the suspended sediment flux), from a small river catchment by heavy rainfall, has been developed using the concept of an instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH) and dimensionless sediment concentration distribution (DSCD). A formula for instantaneous unit sedimentgraph (IUSG) is presented, and a procedure for estimating the sediment routing coefficient, which is a key parameter of the IUSG, based on measured data of rainfall-runoff-suspended sediment is applied. Field data from a small, field sized agricultural basin, lacated in center of Illinois has been used for analizing lag times for runoff (LAG) and sediment yield (LAGs). Assumptions about sediment generated during rainfall events are discussed.

scholarly journals Observations of High-Frequency Activity of EV Lacertae

1995 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 82-84
Author(s):  
B.E. Zhilyaev ◽  
I.A. Verlyuk
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Cataclysmic Binaries ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Classical Models ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
Ev Lac ◽  
Short Time

The flare star EV Lac shows a wide variety of activity phenomena on a wide range of time scales. These are the well-known “classical” solar-like flares, the short-time flare events (Gershberg & Petrov 1986, Karapetian & Zalinian 1991, Tovmassian & Zalinian 1988, Tsvetkov et al. 1986, Zhilyaev 1994), and the long-duration variations caused by starspots and rotation (Petterson 1980). However, the “classical” flares are not such a frequent phenomenon as one gets used to think. As noted by Roizman & Kabitchev (1985), a considerable fraction of flares shows a complicated multipeak structure with sudden onset and decay. Their interpretation along the lines of classical models favored for solar-like flares is very problematic.Here, we report the detection of high-frequency chaotic variability (flickering) in EV Lac. Optical flickering is observed in cataclysmic binaries, and in X-rays it is observed in low-mass X-ray binaries. As a rule, flickering is an accretion phenomenon. Strange as it may seem, EV Lac as a visual binary has the analogous property.

Observational evidence of surface wave-generated strong ocean turbulence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyu Ma ◽  
Dejun Dai ◽  
Jingsong Guo ◽  
Fangli Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Surface Wave ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Dissipation Rate ◽  
Northern South China Sea ◽  
Energy Dissipation Rate ◽  
Ocean Turbulence ◽  
Ocean Response ◽  
Turbulent Characteristics ◽  
Wave Orbital Velocity ◽  
Short Time

&lt;p&gt;By using an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) mounted on the seabed of the continental shelf of the northern South China Sea, high frequency velocity fluctuations were measured for 4.5 days. The turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate was estimated. During the observation, the strong ocean response to Typhoon Rammasun was recorded to compare the turbulent characteristics before and during the typhoon. The results show that the turbulence near the seabed is mainly generated by the tidal current shear and exhibits a quarter diurnal variation during the period before the typhoon. During the typhoon period, the dissipation rate dramatically increased from 1&amp;#215;10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; s&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; to 1&amp;#215;10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; s&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; within a short time, and the significant wave height and the surface wave orbital velocity showed the same tendency. This finding suggests that the turbulence is dominantly generated by the surface waves near the seabed.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Defects in quantum ring to control high-harmonic spectrum

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Fiordilino ◽  
B. Frusteri
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Rotational Symmetry ◽  
High Harmonic ◽  
Harmonic Spectrum ◽  
Intense Laser ◽  
Quantum Ring ◽  
Intense Laser Field ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Active Electron ◽  
Short Time

AbstractThe high-harmonic generation from a structured quantum ring (SQR) driven by an intense laser field is presented within the single active electron approximation. The spectrum is studied by varying the symmetry of the physical system. The standard SQR (six identical and equidistant dots in a ring) presents a 60° rotational symmetry, that in this work is broken, moving or changing only one potential hole. We find that careful designed breaking of the geometrical symmetry of the SQR opens the possibility of controlling the characteristics of the harmonic lines such as intensity and polarization. HHG analysis of the emission spectrum performed through a Morlet wavelet, shows that the high-frequency emission occurs during short time intervals.

scholarly journals Simulating cold-region hydrology in an intensively drained agricultural watershed in Manitoba, Canada, using the Cold Regions Hydrological Model

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos R. C. Cordeiro ◽  
Henry F. Wilson ◽  
Jason Vanrobaeys ◽  
John W. Pomeroy ◽  
Xing Fang
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Agricultural Watershed ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Cold Regions ◽  
Stream Flows ◽  
The North ◽  
Physically Based

Abstract. Eutrophication and flooding are perennial problems in agricultural watersheds of the northern Great Plains. A high proportion of annual runoff and nutrient transport occurs with snowmelt in this region. Extensive surface drainage modification, frozen soils, and frequent backwater or ice damming impacts on flow measurement represent unique challenges to accurately modeling watershed scale hydrological processes. A physically-based, non-calibrated model created using the Cold Regions Hydrological Modelling platform (CRHM) was parameterized to simulate hydrological processes within a low slope, clay soil, and intensively surface drained agricultural watershed. These characteristics are common to most tributaries of the Red River of the North. Analysis of the observed water level records for the study watershed (La Salle River) indicate that ice cover and backwater issues at time of peak flow may impact the accuracy of both modeled and measured stream flows, highlighting the value of evaluating a non-calibrated model in this environment. Simulations best matched the streamflow record in years when peak and annual discharges were equal to or above the medians of 6.7 m3 s−1 and 1.25 × 107 m3, respectively, with an average Nash-Sutcliff efficiency (NSE) of 0.76. Simulation of low-flow years (below the medians) was more challenging (average NSE 

Weakness of short-term synchronization among respiratory nerve activities during fictive vomiting

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (2) ◽  
pp. R339-R347 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Cohen ◽  
A. D. Miller ◽  
R. Barnhardt ◽  
C. F. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Time Scale ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Pattern Generator ◽  
High Frequency Oscillation ◽  
Short Time Scale ◽  
Coherence Analysis ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Frequency Oscillation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Time

In decerebrate, paralyzed cats, phrenic (PHR) and lumbar abdominal (ABD) nerve discharges during both neural respiration and fictive vomiting (FV) were subjected to spectral and coherence analyses. During respiration, PHR discharge exhibited high-frequency oscillation (HFO), manifested as a narrow spectral peak (range 57-90 Hz) in autospectra and left-right coherence spectra. During FV, the following occurred: 1) the HFO peak disappeared and was replaced by a broad peak with higher modal frequency (range 84-120 Hz), indicating elimination of inputs from the medullary inspiratory pattern generator. 2) Left-right PHR coherence spectra had no distinct peaks, indicating that correlations between opposite PHR discharges were now not frequency specific. 3) Although ABD and PHR autospectra were similar, PHR-ABD coherences were near zero, indicating lack of common inputs on a short time scale. 4) Nonzero coherences between ABD nerves were confined to ipsilateral pairs. Thus coherence analysis indicates that the outputs of the vomiting pattern generator are temporally dispersed on a short time scale and are not necessarily common to different motoneuron populations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document