Spatial analysis of riverine microplastic in a Rhine floodplain soil in Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Rolf ◽  
Martin G. J. Löder ◽  
Hannes Laermanns ◽  
Lukas Kienzler ◽  
Florian Steininger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Rhine River ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Floodplain Soil ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Flooded Area ◽  
Alluvial Floodplains

<p>The Rhine River flows through six European countries and is in exchange with diverse land use forms and human activities that potentially release microplastics (MPs). The Rhine interacts permanently with its surrounding banks and floodplains by changing water-levels. Several studies have documented the presence of MPs in the Rhine along its course as well as in its tributaries. However, the spatial distribution of MPs due to certain flood events in alluvial floodplains remains widely unclear. The knowledge about the amount and distribution of MPs and on their potential entry pathways into Rhine floodplains is essentially important for an ecological risk assessment. In this study, we analysed the amount and distribution of MPs in a floodplain soil in the nature reserve Merkenich-Langel, in the northern periphery of Cologne (Germany). We hypothesize that MPs are transported by the Rhine and are deposited at the site during flood events. For spatial analysis we used the MIKE software (DHI A/S, Hørsholm Denmark) merged with a digital terrain model of the study site to analyse past flood events and their potential deposition of MP. We chose three sampling transects located within the past flooded area each with three sampling spots with increasing distance and elevation to the river. Samples were taken from two different soil depths (0–5 cm and 5–20 cm) and the samples of the three sampling spots and same depth were combined to one mixed soil sample per transect. MP concentrations were analysed via ATR-FTIR and µ-FPA-FTIR spectroscopy after density separation and enzymatic-oxidative purification. We found an increase of MP concentration per kg of dry soil in the depth 5–20 cm with increasing distance to the river ranging from 25.612 particles/kg to 85.076 particles/kg. The results of MP concentration in 0–5 cm topsoil layer will be compared to the concentration in the soil depth of 5–20 cm. We correlate these results to the frequency of flood events.</p>

scholarly journals The contribution of remote sensing in hydraulics and hydrology, analysis and evaluation of digital terrain model for flood risk mapping

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Faiza hassainia Bouzahar ◽  
Lahbaci Ouerdachi ◽  
Mahdi Keblouti ◽  
Akram Seddiki
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Risk Map ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Wetland Biodiversity ◽  
Adopted Model ◽  
Flood Risk Map

AbstractThe study of flood risk involves the knowledge of the spatial variability in the characteristics of the vegetation cover, terrain, climate and changes induced by the intervention of humans in watersheds. The increased needs of the actors in land management mean that static maps no longer meet the requirements of scientists and decision-makers. Access is needed to the data, methods and tools to produce complex maps in response to the different stages of risk evaluation and response. The availability of very high spatial resolution remote sensing data (VHSR) and digital terrain model (DTM) make it possible to detect objects close to human size and, therefore, is of interest for studying anthropogenic activities. The development of new methods and knowledge using detailed spatial data, coupled with the use of GIS, naturally becomes beneficial to the risks analysis. Indeed, the extraction of information from specific processes, such as vegetation indices, can be used as variables such as water heights, flow velocities, flow rates and submersion to predict the potential consequences of a flood. The functionalities of GIS for cartographic overlay and multi-criteria spatial analysis make it possible to identify the flood zones according to the level of risk from the flood, thus making it a useful decision-making tool.This study was carried out on the territory of watersheds in the Annaba region, East of Algeria. The choice was guided by the availability of data (satellites images, maps, hydrology, etc.) and hydrological specificities (proximity to an urban area). The adopted model is divided into two parts. The first part is to establish a methodology for the preservation of wetland biodiversity and the protection of urban areas against floods. Thanks to the multi-criteria spatial analysis and the functionalities of the GIS, we established a flood risk map for the watershed defined above. The result was satisfactory compared with the field reality. The second part of the model consisted of the integration of cadastral information with the flood risk map obtained in the first part of our research.The primary objective of this mapping is to contribute to the development of flood risk management plans (in the sense of risk reduction). The mapping stage also provides quantitative elements to more accurately assess the vulnerability of a territory.

scholarly journals Automating the creation of channel cross section data from aerial laser scanning and hydrological surveying for modeling flood events / Automatická tvorba geometrie vodních toků na základě syntézy dat z leteckého laserového skenování a hydrologického měření pro modelování povodňových událostí. j. hydrol., hydromech., 60, 2012, 4; 25 lit., 8 obr., 5 tab.

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radek Roub ◽  
Tomáš Hejduk ◽  
Pavel Novák
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Hydrodynamic Model ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Hydrodynamic Models ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Aerial Laser Scanning ◽  
Digital Terrain

Knowing the extent of inundation areas for individual N-year flood events, the specific flood scenarios, and having an idea about the depths and velocities in the longitudinal or transverse water course profile provided by hydrodynamic models is of key importance for protecting peoples’ lives and mitigating damage to property. Input data for creating the watercourse computational geometry are crucial for hydrodynamic models. Requirements for input data vary with respect to the hydrodynamic model used. One-dimensional (1D) hydrodynamic models in which the computing track is formed by cross-sectional profiles of the channel are characterized by lower requirements for input data. In two-dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic models, a digital terrain model is needed for the entire area studied. Financial requirements of the project increase with regard to the input data and the model used. The increase is mainly due to the high cost of the geodetic surveying of the stream channel. The paper aims at a verification and presentation of the suitability of using hydrological measurements in developing a schematization (geometry) of water courses based on topographic data gained from aerial laser scanning provided by the Czech Office for Surveying, Mapping and Cadastre. Taking into account the hydrological measurement during the schematization of the water course into the hydrodynamic model consists in the derivation of flow rate achieved at the time of data acquisition using the method of aerial laser scanning by means of hydrological analogy and in using the established flow rate values as a basis for deepening of the digital terrain model from aerial laser scanning data. Thus, the given principle helps to capture precisely the remaining part of the channel profile which is not reflected in the digital terrain model prepared by the method of aerial laser scanning and fully correct geometry is achieved for the hydrodynamic model.

Time-lapse photography for monitoring reservoir leakages (Montejaque dam, Andalusia, southern Spain)

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago García-López ◽  
Verónica Ruiz-Ortiz ◽  
Juan José Muñoz-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Calcite Dissolution ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Use Of Time

Abstract A methodology based on the use of time-lapse photographs is presented to evaluate the leakages over time of a reservoir (Montejaque dam, Málaga Province, Spain) that feeds a karstic aquifer. In particular, photographic control allows the evolution of water levels in the dam and the river that feeds it to be monitored. Through changes in water volume, which are calculated from the level differences, daily leakages are evaluated, and the relationship between leakages and the water level of the reservoir is established. The proposed method includes adjusting the hydric balance and the use of digital terrain model and climate data. The inputs (river flow and direct precipitation) and other outputs (direct evaporation) are also evaluated. Values between 4 m3/s and 0.35 m3/s are obtained for the reservoir infiltration, clearly superior to the values obtained at the time of the construction of the dam in the 1920s. Mobilisation of the filling of fractures and conduits in karstic massif and calcite dissolution are processes that can influence this behaviour. When the water level is very low, the obtained values are below the historical leakages due to deposition of clay sediments at the reservoir bottom.

scholarly journals Impact of Uncertainty of Floodplain Digital Terrain Model on 1D Hydrodynamic Flow Calculation

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Kiczko ◽  
Dorota Mirosław-Świątek
Keyword(s):  
Flow Model ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Confidence Bands ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Spatial Dependency ◽  
Noticeable Effect ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Model Explanation ◽  
High Uncertainty

This study investigates the effect of the Digital Terrain Model (DTM) uncertainty effect on the output of a 1D flow model. The analysis is performed for the lowland river Biebrza, covered with dense wetland vegetation, with a high uncertainty of terrain elevations. The DTM uncertainty is modeled in two ways: (1) accounting for the uncertainty spatial dependency on the basis of the correlogram function and (2) neglecting the correlation of the elevation points. The model explanation of water levels improves when elevation uncertainty is being included. Without the elevation uncertainty, the model provided a good fit only for peak flows, with uncertainty also representation of lower flows is better. It was shown that the correlation of the elevation uncertainty had a noticeable effect on the modeling outcomes, especially for near bankfull flows, where for the uncorrelated case water levels were underestimated by 5 cm, comparing to the correlated case. The effect was also present for inundation extents, obtained by an interpolation of computed water levels. The correlation of the elevation uncertainty strongly affects estimates of standard deviations of computed water levels, which were almost twice smaller when correlation was neglected. In the result, only when the correlation of the elevation uncertainty was included, it was possible to obtain confidence bands that enclosed observation points.

scholarly journals Low cost, multiscale and multi-sensor application for flooded area mapping

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1493-1516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Giordan ◽  
Davide Notti ◽  
Alfredo Villa ◽  
Francesco Zucca ◽  
Fabiana Calò ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
Flooded Area

Abstract. Flood mapping and estimation of the maximum water depth are essential elements for the first damage evaluation, civil protection intervention planning and detection of areas where remediation is needed. In this work, we present and discuss a methodology for mapping and quantifying flood severity over floodplains. The proposed methodology considers a multiscale and multi-sensor approach using free or low-cost data and sensors. We applied this method to the November 2016 Piedmont (northwestern Italy) flood. We first mapped the flooded areas at the basin scale using free satellite data from low- to medium-high-resolution from both the SAR (Sentinel-1, COSMO-Skymed) and multispectral sensors (MODIS, Sentinel-2). Using very- and ultra-high-resolution images from the low-cost aerial platform and remotely piloted aerial system, we refined the flooded zone and detected the most damaged sector. The presented method considers both urbanised and non-urbanised areas. Nadiral images have several limitations, in particular in urbanised areas, where the use of terrestrial images solved this limitation. Very- and ultra-high-resolution images were processed with structure from motion (SfM) for the realisation of 3-D models. These data, combined with an available digital terrain model, allowed us to obtain maps of the flooded area, maximum high water area and damaged infrastructures.

scholarly journals Modélisation hydraulique du système Sebou-Fouarat, ville de Kenitra, Maroc - Cas des inondations de 2010

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 368
Author(s):  
Abdellah Bourak ◽  
Abdelbasset Midaoui ◽  
Abderrahim Lahrach ◽  
Abdelkarim Elarrim ◽  
Abdel-Ali Chaouni
Keyword(s):  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Hydraulic Modeling ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Arc Gis ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The City

The city of Kenitra, located in the extreme downstream of the Sebou basin, is threatened by floods caused by the overflowing of the Oued Sebou and the rise of Oued Fouarat. The hydraulic modeling study of the Sebou Fouarat system in transient mode is carried out by the HEC-RAS software and has implicated the two rivers. Two geometric models were constructed on the basis of a digital terrain model (DTM) using the Arc-GIS and HECGeoRAS softwares after processing the collected topographic data. The first model, of which the areas of Merja Fouarat and Al Assam have been represented by cross-section, is one-dimensional. The second one is also onedimensional in which the two areas of Merja Fouarat and Al Assam are introduced as water storage zones. The components of these models are the stream sections, lateral links, storage areas and junctions between the branches of each model. The flood hydrographs of the Sebou and Fouarat rivers are introduced as conditions at the upstream limits of the models while the tidal is introduced as a downstream condition. After the stability and calibration of the models, the results of the consulted hydraulic simulations are the variations of the water levels as well as the temporal variations of the flow rates for each section, the maximum flow velocities and the propagation times of the flood waves. The analysis and comparisons of these results strongly suggest using the second model for the treatment of the flood issues as a decision-making tool helping to manage floods during times of crisis.

scholarly journals Floodplain reconstitution based on data collected via smartphones: a methodological approach to hydrological risk mapping

RBRH ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayane Aparecida da Silva Ribeiro ◽  
Gabriel Araujo de Oliveira ◽  
José Almir Cirilo ◽  
Fellipe Henrique Borba Alves ◽  
Larissa Ferreira David Romão Batista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Field Collection ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Flooded Area ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Critical Success Index

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to investigate the use of mobile applications on smartphones, specifically the Hidromapp application, as a technical support tool for flood data collection, as well as its use in flood mapping. To this end, information about a flood event of May 2017 was collected in the municipality of Jaqueira-Pernambuco, using smartphones and the Hidromapp application. Information was later used as input data for modeling and floodplain reconstitution. The study used geoprocessing techniques and a high-resolution Digital Terrain Model (Pernambuco Tridimensional - PE3D). For result evaluation, the reconstituted floodplain was compared with hydrodynamic modeling results using statistical indicators (RMSE and Critical Success Index - C). The app presented a good performance as a support tool for field collection of floodmark data. The applied method allowed a partially adequate estimation of the reconstituted event, in which the flooded area (extension) showed a high degree of similarity with the compared model, but with caveats for water surface elevations, where considerable discrepancies were detected in some points of the study area.

scholarly journals Flooding in river mouths: human caused or natural events? Five centuries of flooding events in the SW Netherlands, 1500–2000

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 2673-2684 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. J. de Kraker
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Defensive Strategies ◽  
Natural Feature ◽  
Flooded Area ◽  
Flooding Events ◽  
River Mouths ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. This paper looks into flood events of the past 500 years in the SW Netherlands, addressing the issue of what kind of flooding events have occurred and which ones have mainly natural causes and which ones are predominantly human induced. The flood events are classified into two major categories: (a) flood events that were caused during storm surges and (b) flood events which happened during warfare. From both categories a selection of flood events has been made. Each flood event is discussed in terms of time, location, extent of the flooded area and specific conditions. Among these conditions, specific weather circumstances and how long they lasted, the highest water levels reached and dike maintenance are discussed as far as flood events caused during storm surges are concerned. Flood events during warfare as both offensive and defensive strategies are relevant; the paper demonstrates that although the strategic flood events obviously were man-made, the natural feature, being the use of fresh water or sea water, of these events also played a major role. Flood events caused during storm surge may have an obvious natural cause, but the extent of the flooding and damage it caused was largely determined by man.

MODELS FOR SPATIALIZATION AND FORECASTING OF FLOODED AREAS IN THE SÃO SEBASTIÃO DO CAÍ URBAN ZONE, RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE, BRAZIL

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Guilherme Garcia De OLIVEIRA ◽  
Dejanira Luderitz SALDANHA ◽  
Laurindo Antonio GUASSELLI
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Flood Forecasting ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
Elevation Data ◽  
Flooded Area

The study aims at developing models for the spatialization and forecasting of floods in the urban area of São Sebastião do Caí, RS, Brazil. For the calculation of return period (RP), and in order to analyze the seasonality of floods, streamflow data from the station located in the city were used. However, for the development of a mathematical model for flood forecasting, the time series of a station upstream was also used in order to perform a regression with the quotas recorded in both seasons. For the identification of flood plains, a digital terrain model was produced based on elevation data in scales between 1:2,000 and 1:10,000. The QuickBird satellite image (spatial resolution of 0.61 m) was used only for the spatialization of the land use and land cover reached by each flood scenario. Mapping and 3D simulation of the areas affected by flooding were obtained for RP of 2, 5, 10 and 30 years. The following results are most significant: i) the river water level rises between 9.28 m and 11.98 m for RP of 2 to 30 years; ii) along the historical series, 75% of floods have occurred between June and October; iii) the mathematical model for flood forecasting showed an average error of 0.72 m, and the accuracy varies between 0.62 m and 1.84 m, according to the expected magnitude; iv) it was observed that 93 hectares of urban area in São Sebastião do Caí are hit by floods with a RP of 30 years (23% of the urban area); v) modelling of a recent flood event dated of 24/09/2007 has resulted in similar values for the simulated and observed flooded area.

scholarly journals Inundation maps for extreme flood events: Case study of Sidi Bel Abbes city, Algeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
M'hamed Atallah ◽  
Abdelkrim Hazzab ◽  
Abdelali Seddini ◽  
Abdellah Ghenaim ◽  
Khaled Korichi
Keyword(s):  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
North West ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Inundation Maps ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Averaged Equations ◽  
Extreme Flood ◽  
River Flood

Abstract Hydrodynamic modelling is used to analyse the inundation behaviour of Sidi Bel Abbes city (North-West of Algeria) during extreme flood events. The study reach, 5.4 km in length, is a section of Wadi Mekerra through Sidi Bel Abbes city. Land and bathymetric surveys were used to create a digital terrain model (DTM) of the river channel and the floodplain. By coupling the geometry with hydrologic data, a two dimensional hydrodynamic model was built. The model is based on integrating Saint-Venant shallow waters (depth averaged) equations through Runge–Kutta discontinuous Galerkin numerical scheme. It was calibrated in terms of roughness coefficients on measured values of water surface elevation and discharge registered in the Sidi Bel Abbes gauging station. The objective is to draw the flood maps under extreme river flood event. The results are helpful for local authorities in order to take the appropriate defence measures in the future.

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