scholarly journals New interpretation of the role of water balance in an extended Budyko hypothesis in arid regions

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 393-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Du ◽  
F. Sun ◽  
J. Yu ◽  
X. Liu ◽  
Y. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Unsteady State ◽  
Monthly Water Balance ◽  
Storage Change ◽  
Zone Water

Abstract. The Budyko hypothesis (BH) is an effective approach to investigating long-term water balance at large basin scale under steady state. The assumption of steady state prevents applications of the BH to basins, which is unclosed, or with significant variations in root zone water storage, i.e., under unsteady state, such as in extremely arid regions. In this study, we choose the Heihe River basin (HRB) in China, an extremely arid inland basin, as the study area. We firstly use a calibrated and then validated monthly water balance model, i.e., the abcd model, to quantitatively determine annual and monthly variations of water balance for the sub-basins and the whole catchment of the HRB, and find that the roles of root zone water storage change and that of inflow from upper sub-basins in monthly water balance are significant. With the recognition of the inflow water from other regions and the root zone water storage change as additional possible water sources to evapotranspiration in unclosed basins, we further define the equivalent precipitation (Pe) to include local precipitation, inflow water and root zone water storage change as the water supply in the Budyko framework. With the newly defined water supply, the Budyko curve can successfully describe the relationship between the evapotranspiration ratio and the aridity index at both annual and monthly timescales, whilst it fails when only the local precipitation being considered. Adding to that, we develop a new Fu-type Budyko equation with two non-dimensional parameters (ω and λ) based on the deviation of Fu's equation. Over the annual timescale, the new Fu-type Budyko equation developed here has more or less identical performance to Fu's original equation for the sub-basins and the whole catchment. However, over the monthly timescale, due to large seasonality of root zone water storage and inflow water, the new Fu-type Budyko equation generally performs better than Fu's original equation. The new Fu-type Budyko equation (ω and λ) developed here enables one to apply the BH to interpret regional water balance over extremely dry environments under unsteady state (e.g., unclosed basins or sub-annual timescales).

scholarly journals New interpretation of the role of water balance in an extended Budyko hypothesis in arid regions

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 11013-11052 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Du ◽  
F. Sun ◽  
J. Yu ◽  
X. Liu ◽  
Y. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Unsteady State ◽  
Monthly Water Balance ◽  
Storage Change

Abstract. The Budyko hypothesis (BH) is an effective approach to investigating long-term water balance at large basin scale under steady state. The assumption of steady state prevents applications of the BH to basins, which is unclosed, or with significant variations in soil water storage, i.e., under unsteady state, such as in extremely arid regions. In this study, we choose the Heihe River Basin (HRB) in China, an extremely arid inland basin, as the study area. We firstly use a calibrated and then validated monthly water balance model, i.e., the abcd model to quantitatively determine annual and monthly variations of water balance for the sub-basins and the whole catchment of the HRB and find that the role of soil water storage change and that of inflow from upper sub-basins in monthly water balance are significant. With the recognition of the inflow water from other regions and the soil water storage change as additional possible water sources to evapotranspiration in unclosed basins, we further define the equivalent precipitation (Pe) to include local precipitation, inflow water and soil water storage change as the water supply in the Budyko framework. With the newly defined water supply, the Budyko curve can successfully describe the relationship between the evapotranspiration ratio and the aridity index at both annual and monthly timescales, whilst it fails when only the local precipitation being considered. Adding to that, we develop a new Fu-type Budyko equation with two non-dimensional parameters (ω and λ) based on the deviation of Fu's equation. Over the annual time scale, the new Fu-type Budyko equation developed here has more or less identical performance to Fu's original equation for the sub-basins and the whole catchment. However, over the monthly time scale, due to large seasonality of soil water storage and inflow, the new Fu-type Budyko equation generally performs better than Fu's original equation. The new Fu-type Budyko equation (ω and λ) developed here enables one to apply the BH to interpret regional water balance over extremely dry environments under unsteady state (e.g., unclosed basins or sub-annual timescales).

Estimating the water balance and uncertainty bounds in a highly groundwater-dependent and data-scarce areas: An example for the upper Citarum basin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Reinaldo Rusli ◽  
Albrecht Weerts ◽  
Victor Bense
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Groundwater Abstraction ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Groundwater Storage ◽  
Actual Evaporation ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Basin Water ◽  
Storage Change

<p>In this study, we estimate the water balance components of a highly groundwater-dependent and hydrological data-scarce basin of the upper reaches of the Citarum river in West Java, Indonesia. Firstly, we estimate the groundwater abstraction volumes based on population size and a review of literature (0.57mm/day). Estimates of other components like rainfall, actual evaporation, discharge, and total water storage changes are derived from global datasets and are simulated using a distributed hydrological wflow_sbm model which yields additional estimates of discharge, actual evaporation, and total water storage change. We compare each basin water balance estimate as well as quantify the uncertainty of some of the components using the Extended Triple Collocation (ETC) method.</p><p>The ETC application on four different rainfall estimates suggests a preference of using the CHIRPS product as the input to the water balance components estimates as it delivers the highest r<sup>2</sup>  and the lowest RMSE compared to three other sources. From the different data sources and results of the distributed hydrological modeling using CHIRPS as rainfall forcing, we estimate a positive groundwater storage change between 0.12 mm/day - 0.60 mm/day. These results are in agreement with groundwater storage change estimates based upon GRACE gravimetric satellite data, averaged at 0.25 mm/day. The positive groundwater storage change suggests sufficient groundwater recharge occurs compensating for groundwater abstraction. This conclusion seems in agreement with the observation since 2005, although measured in different magnitudes. To validate and narrow the estimated ranges of the basin water storage changes, a devoted groundwater model is necessary to be developed. The result shall also aid in assessing the current and future basin-scale groundwater level changes to support operational water management and policy in the Upper Citarum basin.</p>

Estimating yield of sorghum using root zone water balance model and spectral characteristics of crop in a dryland Alfisol

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uttam Kumar Mandal ◽  
U.S. Victor ◽  
N.N. Srivastava ◽  
K.L. Sharma ◽  
V. Ramesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Water Balance Model ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Zone Water

scholarly journals WAYS v1: a hydrological model for root zone water storage simulation on a global scale

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5267-5289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganquan Mao ◽  
Junguo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Lumped Model ◽  
Zone Water

Abstract. The soil water stored in the root zone is a critical variable for many applications, as it plays a key role in several hydrological and atmospheric processes. Many studies have been conducted to obtain reliable information on soil water in the root zone layer. However, most of them are mainly focused on the soil moisture within a certain depth rather than the water stored in the entire rooting system. In this work, a hydrological model named the Water And ecosYstem Simulator (WAYS) is developed to simulate the root zone water storage (RZWS) on a global scale. The model is based on a well-validated lumped model and has now been extended to a distribution model. To reflect the natural spatial heterogeneity of the plant rooting system across the world, a key variable that influences RZWS, i.e., root zone storage capacity (RZSC), is integrated into the model. The newly developed model is first evaluated based on runoff and RZWS simulations across 10 major basins. The results show the ability of the model to mimic RZWS dynamics in most of the regions through comparison with proxy data, the normalized difference infrared index (NDII). The model is further evaluated against station observations, including flux tower and gauge data. Despite regional differences, generally good performance is found for both the evaporation and discharge simulations. Compared to existing hydrological models, WAYS's ability to resolve the field-scale spatial heterogeneity of RZSC and simulate RZWS may offer benefits for many applications, e.g., agriculture and land–vegetation–climate interaction investigations. However, the results from this study suggest an additional evaluation of RZWS is required for the regions where the NDII might not be the correct proxy.

scholarly journals Terrestrial Water Storage Changes of Permafrost in the Three-River Source Region of the Tibetan Plateau, China

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Xu ◽  
Shichang Kang ◽  
Qiudong Zhao ◽  
Jiazhen Li
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Permafrost Zone ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Continuous Permafrost ◽  
Terrestrial Water ◽  
Gravity Recovery ◽  
Storage Change

Changes in permafrost influence water balance exchanges in watersheds of cryosphere. Water storage change (WSC) is an important factor in water cycle. We used Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite data to retrieve WSC in the Three-River Source Region and subregions. WSC in four types of permafrost (continuous, seasonal, island, and patchy permafrost) was analyzed during 2003–2010. The result showed that WSC had significant change; it increased by9.06±0.01 mm/a (21.89±0.02×109 m3) over the Three-River Source Region during the study period. The most significant changes of WSC were in continuous permafrost zone, with a total amount of about13.94±0.48×109 m3. The spatial distribution of WSC was in state of gain in the continuous permafrost zone, whereas it was in a state of loss in the other permafrost zones. Little changes of precipitation and runoff occurred in study area, but the WSC increased significantly, according to water balance equation, the changes of runoff and water storage were subtracted from changes of precipitation, and the result showed that changes of evaporation is minus which means the evaporation decreased in the Three-River Source Region during 2003–2010.

Development of models to predict Pinus radiata productivity throughout New Zealand

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 488-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Watt ◽  
David J. Palmer ◽  
Mark O. Kimberley ◽  
Barbara K. Höck ◽  
Tim W. Payn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Soil Parent Material ◽  
Zone Water

Development of spatial surfaces describing variation in productivity across broad landscapes at a fine resolution would be of considerable use to forest managers as decision support tools to optimize productivity. In New Zealand, the two most widely used indices to quantify productivity of Pinus radiata D. Don are Site Index and 300 Index. Using an extensive national data set comprising a comprehensive set of national extent maps, multiple regression models and spatial surfaces of these indices for P. radiata were constructed. The final models accounted for 64% and 53%, respectively, of the variance in Site Index and 300 Index. For Site Index, variables included in the final model in order of importance were mean annual air temperature, fractional mean annual available root-zone water storage, mean annual windspeed, length and slope factor, categories describing Land Environments of New Zealand (LENZ), and major soil parent material. The variables included in the final model of 300 Index in order of importance included the degree of ground frost during autumn, fractional mean annual available root-zone water storage, categories describing LENZ, vegetation classification, foliar nitrogen, taxonomic soil order, and major soil parent material. These results highlight the utility of thematic spatial layers as driving variables in the development of productivity models.

A Root Zone Water Balance Algorithm for Educational Settings

1995 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Joel E. Cahoon ◽  
Richard B. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Educational Settings ◽  
Zone Water

What is the relationship between water storage change and NDVI?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vedashree Mankar ◽  
Ajayraj Singh Jhaj ◽  
Samyak Jain ◽  
Balaji Devaraju
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Normalised Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Storage Change ◽  
Very High ◽  
Regional Water

<p>The fluctuation in vegetation is affected by water availability, while on the same hand vegetation also influences regional water balance. A better understanding of the relationship between variation in vegetation state and water storage change would help explain the complicated interactions between vegetation dynamics and regional water balance. We use total water storage change from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and its successor mission GRACE Follow-On (GRACE-FO) and Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). First, we bring the two datasets to a comparable resolution and then we aggregate the two datasets over the 37 sub-catchments of the Ganga basin. The Pearson correlation coefficient was very high (R > 0.5) for 35 of the 37 sub-catchments when the full signals were used, indicating that the seasonality signals have a high correlation. Once the seasonal signal was removed, the Pearson correlation coefficient became insignificant. We will look into the causes of the lack of correlation between the two residual signals and also perform an autocorrelation analysis to identify the lag between the two variables.</p>

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