scholarly journals Data analysis and model building for understanding catchment processes: the case study of the Thur catchment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Dal Molin ◽  
Mario Schirmer ◽  
Massimiliano Zappa ◽  
Fabrizio Fenicia
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Two Stages

Abstract. The development of semidistributed hydrological models that reflect the dominant processes controlling streamflow spatial variability is a challenging task. This study addresses this problem by investigating the case of the Thur catchment (Switzerland), an alpine and pre–alpine catchment that, while having a moderate (1702 km2) extension, presents a large spatial variability in terms of climate, landscape, and streamflow (measured at 10 subcatchments). The methodology for model development consists of a two–stages approach. In a first stage, we use correlation and regression analysis to identify the main influencing factors on the spatial variability of streamflow signatures. Results of this analysis show that precipitation (rainfall or snow) controls signatures of seasonality and water balance, while landscape characteristics (especially geology) control signatures of hydrograph shape (e.g. baseflow index and flashiness index). In a second stage, we use the results of the previous analysis to develop a semidistributed hydrological model that is consistent with the data. Model experiments confirm that only hydrological models that account for the heterogeneity of precipitation and geology produce hydrographs that have signatures similar to the observed ones. These models provide consistent results in space–time validation, which is promising for prediction in ungauged conditions. The presented methodology can be transferred to other case studies, since the data used in this work (meteorological variables, streamflow, morphology and geology maps) is available in many regions around the globe.

scholarly journals Understanding dominant controls on streamflow spatial variability to set up a semi-distributed hydrological model: the case study of the Thur catchment

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 1319-1345
Author(s):  
Marco Dal Molin ◽  
Mario Schirmer ◽  
Massimiliano Zappa ◽  
Fabrizio Fenicia
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Previous Analysis ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Predictions In Ungauged Basins

Abstract. This study documents the development of a semi-distributed hydrological model aimed at reflecting the dominant controls on observed streamflow spatial variability. The process is presented through the case study of the Thur catchment (Switzerland, 1702 km2), an alpine and pre-alpine catchment where streamflow (measured at 10 subcatchments) has different spatial characteristics in terms of amounts, seasonal patterns, and dominance of baseflow. In order to appraise the dominant controls on streamflow spatial variability and build a model that reflects them, we follow a two-stage approach. In a first stage, we identify the main climatic or landscape properties that control the spatial variability of streamflow signatures. This stage is based on correlation analysis, complemented by expert judgement to identify the most plausible cause–effect relationships. In a second stage, the results of the previous analysis are used to develop a set of model experiments aimed at determining an appropriate model representation of the Thur catchment. These experiments confirm that only a hydrological model that accounts for the heterogeneity of precipitation, snow-related processes, and landscape features such as geology produces hydrographs that have signatures similar to the observed ones. This model provides consistent results in space–time validation, which is promising for predictions in ungauged basins. The presented methodology for model building can be transferred to other case studies, since the data used in this work (meteorological variables, streamflow, morphology, and geology maps) are available in numerous regions around the globe.

scholarly journals History, Colonialism, and Archival Methods in Socio-Hydrological Scholarship: A Case Study of the Boerasirie Conservancy in British Guiana

World ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-215
Author(s):  
Joshua Mullenite
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Science And Technology Studies ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Human Geography ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
British Guiana ◽  
Current Role

In this article, I review a cross-section of research in socio-hydrology from across disciplines in order to better understand the current role of historical-archival analysis in the development of socio-hydrological scholarship. I argue that despite its widespread use in environmental history, science and technology studies, anthropology, and human geography, archival methods are currently underutilized in socio-hydrological scholarship more broadly, particularly in the development of socio-hydrological models. Drawing on archival research conducted in relation to the socio-hydrology of coastal Guyana, I demonstrate the ways in which such scholarship can be readily incorporated into model development.

scholarly journals Residential Location, Mobility, and Travel Time: A Pilot Study in a Small-Size Italian Metropolitan Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Giuseppe A. Malavenda ◽  
Giuseppe Musolino ◽  
Corrado Rindone ◽  
Antonino Vitetta
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Residential Location ◽  
Real Estate Market ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Two Stages

This research concerns the topic of Land Use and Transport Interaction (LUTI) models. In particular, the patterns between residential households’ location and mobility choices are analyzed and simulated. The attributes that influence household residential location choices belong to four categories: socioeconomic and mobility attributes of households and/or of their components; land use; real-estate market; transport system. The paper presents the results of a pilot study on households’ location and mobility patterns in the metropolitan area of Reggio Calabria (Southern Italy). The pilot study is divided into two stages. In the first stage, a survey allowed to collect information and identify existing patterns about residential and mobility choices of a sample of households. In the second stage, a residential location model is proposed and some preliminary calibrations are presented in a prototypal way. The pilot study could be extended and improved in terms of spatial extension and sample dimension in order to allow a complete specification-calibration-validation process of the model. The model development can support the land use-transport planning process in the Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria.

scholarly journals A Study of WLAN Campus in an Educational Establishment

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taghareed Abdul-Hameed ◽  
Ziad Hunaiti ◽  
Eliamani Sedoyeka
Keyword(s):  
Network Performance ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Campus Network ◽  
End User ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Link Performance ◽  
End Use ◽  
Two Stages

the main aim of campus network is to efficiently separate, share and access knowledge among its users. The big demand of such systems of distributed knowledge networks is to be able to handle advanced applications which are the end-user requirements. The main goal of this study is to assess the ability of WLAN campus to dealing with applications request of end users in education establishments and network achievement under different conditions of operation. The study has been conducted in two stages: the first stage was accomplished by conducting a survey, using the Student Village network at Anglia Ruskin University as a case study; the main aim was to determine end-use requirements, gather information about the nature applications running by users and get a view about the likely future applications. The second stage was achieved by conducting experiments to evaluate the WLAN campus network performance under various different scenarios: impact of handover from Access Point (AP) to another AP on end-user link performance, network performance in different usage time and network performance in different weather conditions.

scholarly journals Young Registered Nurses' Intention to Leave the Profession and Professional Turnover in Early Career: A Qualitative Case Study

ISRN Nursing ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mervi Flinkman ◽  
Ulpukka Isopahkala-Bouret ◽  
Sanna Salanterä
Keyword(s):  
Registered Nurses ◽  
Qualitative Case Study ◽  
Intention To Leave ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Second Career ◽  
Work Content ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Emerging Themes ◽  
Two Stages

In a time of global nursing shortages an alarming number of young registered nurses have expressed a willingness to leave the profession. In this qualitative case study we investigate in depth why young nurses leave nursing profession and reeducate themselves for a new career. The study is based on longitudinal interviews of three young registered nurses in Finland. These nurses were first interviewed between December 2006 and May 2007, when they were 29–32 years old and having an intention to leave the profession. The second interview took place four years later, from January 2011 to March 2011 when all of them had made the transition to a new career. Data were analyzed in two stages. In the first stage, comprehensive career story narratives were formed on the basis of the interviews. In the second stage, emerging themes in these stories were compared, contrasted, and interpreted in the context of the overall career histories. Nursing as a second career choice and demanding work content as well as poor practice environment and the inability to identify with the stereotypical images of nurses were main themes that emerged from these career stories. The results of this interpretative qualitative study reflect a shift toward insights into understanding professional turnover as a complex and long-lasting process.

scholarly journals Pengembangan Kuesioner Penilaian Proses Belajar Problem-Based Learning dengan Model SPICES

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Surya Akbar ◽  
Mora Claramita ◽  
Tri Nur Kristina
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Questionnaire Development ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Two Stages

Background: Every medical education institution in Indonesia must used SPICES model as a strategy/approach on their curriculum. This accord with what is state in Standar Pendidikan Profesi Dokter Indonesia (SPPDI). Assessment of implementation of SPICES model in educational curriculum is highly important in determining the direction of learning process underway. The aim of this study is to develop a questionnaire that helps medical educational institution to assess degree of implement of SPICES model on their curriculum.Method: Questionnaire of Problem-based learning (PBL) learning process with SPICES model development made the two stages. First stage purpose was to develop questionnaire, while second stage was to validate of the questionnaire construct. First stage consists of three steps, i.e literature study, arrangements the items, and content validity. Construct validity of the questionnaire is done by used reliability test, and factor analysis test.Results: Result from questionnaire development in the first stage was 29 items. Construct validity process in the stage two produced 17 items.Conclusion: Assessment of PBL learning process with SPICES model questionnaire proven to be valid and reliable. Further investigation needs to assess stability of the questionnaire in other region.    

scholarly journals PENGARUH INSTITUSI PENDIDIKAN DAN RUMAH SAKIT TERHADAP TRANSFORMASI KAWASAN PERUMAHAN MELALUI ANALISIS TIPOMORFOLOGI

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Mariska Pratimi ◽  
Azzahra M.Firdausah
Keyword(s):  
Homogeneous Function ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
Function Change ◽  
Commercial Housing ◽  
Invasion Pattern ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The City

<p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p>Fenomena menjadikan rumah tinggal sebagai rumah-usaha di beberapa kawasan perumahan, ditunjukkan dengan terjadinya masuknya fungsi baru ke dalam suatu fungsi yang homogen. Adanya aktifitas komersial pada kawasan perumahan akan mengakibatkan perubahan tatanan ruang lingkup hunian secara fisik maupun non fisik. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan dua tahap, tahap pertama mengidentifikasi metode-metode yang digunakan untuk menganalisis perubahan fungsi lahan. Tahap kedua yaitu menguji metode yang terpilih pada studi kasus pada sebuah perubahan fungsi kawasan perumahan di Kota Bandung. Hasil identifikasi metode ditemukan bahwa tipomorfologi dapat  digunakan untuk menerangkan perubah-perubahan dari suatu tipe, di mana suatu tipe memiliki ciri-ciri tertentu yang dapat membedakannya dengan tipe-tipe yang lain. Proses perubahan fungsi yang terjadi pada Koridor Hasanudin dan Prof. Eykman sangat dipengaruhi oleh adanya aktivitas rumah sakit dan universitas sehingga pola perkembangan yang terjadi adalah pola invasi linear dan pola dominasi radial. Perubahan fungsi yang terjadi pada dua koridor memberikan dampak berupa gangguan lalu lintas akibat on street parking dan perubahan sirkulasi jalan.</p><p> </p><p>Kata kunci: komersial, perumahan, perubahan fungsi, tipomorfologi</p><p> </p><p><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong></p><p><em>The phenomenon of making a home as a business house in several residential areas is indicated by the entry of a new function into a homogeneous function. The presence of commercial activities in residential areas will result in changes in the physical and non-physical occupancy scope of the occupancy. This research was conducted in two stages, the first stage identified the methods used to analyze changes in land functions. The second stage is testing the method chosen in the case study on a change in the function of the residential area in the city of Bandung. The method identification results found that typomorphology can be used to explain changes of a type, where a type has certain characteristics that can distinguish it from other types. The function change process that occurs in the Hasanudin Corridor and Prof. Eykman is strongly influenced by the activities of hospitals and universities so that the pattern of development that occurs is a linear invasion pattern and a pattern of radial dominance. Function changes that occur in the two corridors have an impact in the form of traffic disruption due to on street parking and changes in road circulation.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em>Keywords: commercial, housing, function change, typomorphology</em></p>

scholarly journals Initial results of sediment yield measurement interpretation using a regional approach: Southern Italy case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 381 ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Porto ◽  
Giovanni Callegari
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Extreme Value Distribution ◽  
Return Time ◽  
Hierarchical Approach ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Skewness Coefficient ◽  
Two Stages

Abstract. The theoretical TCEV (Two Component Extreme Value) distribution was applied to interpret the sediment yield datasets available in Southern Italy. The analysis is based on hydrological data collected for twelve catchments located in Calabria and Basilicata. A hierarchical approach was used to obtain a regional parent distribution which was used to determine the return time for each event. The hierarchical approach proposed in this study includes two stages. The first stage served for calibration and made it possible to estimate the parameters of the theoretical TCEV distribution. More specifically, the hypothesis of homogeneity with regard to the skewness coefficient and the coefficient of variation was verified using the datasets related to nine catchments. The second stage consisted in verifying the goodness of the theoretical distribution on three independent datasets provided by three experimental catchments not involved in the calibration. Overall results show that, even if the TCEV distribution was conceived to estimate peak flow, its concept of “double component” can be extended to predict sediment yield on a regional scale.

scholarly journals Pengembangan keterampilan pemodelan matematis bagi calon guru IPA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahono Widodo ◽  
Dhita Ayu Permata Sari ◽  
Totok Suyanto ◽  
Martini Martini ◽  
Inzanah Inzanah
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Lesson Plan ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Case Study Design ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Preparation Stage ◽  
Two Stages

Tingkat keterampilan pemodelan matematis di kalangan mahasiswa calon guru IPA, masih berada dalam kategori cukup dan rendah sehingga perlu ditingkatkan. Pada penelitian ini pengembangan keterampilan pemodelan matematis dilakukan dengan mengaplikasikan model pembelajaran ALLR (activity based, lesson learned, reflection) dalam kegiatan perkuliahan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan dua tahap, yaitu tahap persiapan (penyusunan buku model pembelajaran ALLR dan perangkat pembelajaran yang kemudian divalidasi dengan kategori valid) dan tahap penerapan pada Mata Kuliah Dasar-dasar IPA, khususnya materi pegas dan getaran dengan menggunakan desain one shot case study. Subjek penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa calon guru IPA PTN di Jawa Timur Indonesia yang berjumlah 28 mahasiswa. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan tes dan rubrik. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif dengan representasi yang berupa tabel yang memuat nilai rata-rata, SD, persentase ketuntasan terhadap KKM, dan deskripsi dalam bentuk histogram. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Model pembelajaran ALLR dapat digunakan untuk mengembangkan keterampilan matematis bagi calon guru IPA. Adapun saran yang disampaikan adalah keterampilan pemodelan matematis ini masih perlu terus dilatihkan pada berbagai MK yang relevan dengan model pembelajaran ALLR. Developing of mathematical modelling skills for science pre-service teachers AbstractMathematical modelling skills level of pre service teachers is still on average and low category, so it needs to be improved. This study aimed to develop pre service teachers’ mathematical modelling skills by applying the ALLR (activity based, lesson learn, and reflection) learning model. This study was conducted in two stages, namely preparation stage and application stage. The first stage was the stage to prepare the ALLR learning model book, lesson plan, and student worksheet which have a valid category. Second stage was applied the lesson plan and the students worksheet using ALLR learning model to enhance mathematical modelling skills in the Basic Science Course. The topic discussed in this course was spring and vibration. The design of this study was one shot case study design. The subjects were 28 pre-service teachers of East Java, Indonesia. Data were collected by giving a test and rubrics. Then, the data were analysed descriptively and quantitatively in the form of table consist of the students’ achievement. The results showed that the lesson plan and student worksheet applied using ALLR learning model improved pre-service teachers’ mathematical modelling skills. It is suggested that mathematical modelling skills need to be trained in many other courses by applying ALLR learning model.

Impact Of Job Status And Demographic Trends On Quality Education: A Case Study Of Private Universities In Pakistan

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Riasat Ali ◽  
Abdul Majeed Khan ◽  
Muhammad Zaigham Qadeer ◽  
Saqib Shahzad
Keyword(s):  
Private Universities ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Job Status ◽  
Major Purpose ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Two Stages

The major purpose of this paper was to examine the quality of various aspects of higher education in the private sector of Pakistan by adopting a descriptive method of research. The population of the study constituted 270 administrators, 6,180 teachers and 61,108 students in existing 54 private universities and degree-awarding institutions of Pakistan. The method of cluster sampling was used to select the study sample of 840 people, which was carried out in two stages. In the first stage, 12 clusters of universities were randomly chosen out of the total population of private universities. In the second stage, 60 administrators, 180 teachers and 600 students were selected through a random sampling procedure with five administrators, 15 teachers and 50 students from each selected cluster. Three questionnaires, developed and refined through pre-testing, were used as measuring instruments to collect data. The researcher personally visited each university and collected data from the sample. The collected data was tabulated, analyzed and interpreted by using ANOVA and t test techniques.

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