scholarly journals Searching for the optimal drought index and timescale combination to detect drought: a case study from the lower Jinsha River basin, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 889-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Fluixá-Sanmartín ◽  
Deng Pan ◽  
Luzia Fischer ◽  
Boris Orlowsky ◽  
Javier García-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Rainfall Anomaly ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Jinsha River ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract. Drought indices based on precipitation are commonly used to identify and characterize droughts. Due to the general complexity of droughts, the comparison of index-identified events with droughts at different levels of the complete system, including soil humidity or river discharges, relies typically on model simulations of the latter, entailing potentially significant uncertainties. The present study explores the potential of using precipitation-based indices to reproduce observed droughts in the lower part of the Jinsha River basin (JRB), proposing an innovative approach for a catchment-wide drought detection and characterization. Two indicators, namely the Overall Drought Extension (ODE) and the Overall Drought Indicator (ODI), have been defined. These indicators aim at identifying and characterizing drought events on the basin scale, using results from four meteorological drought indices (standardized precipitation index, SPI; rainfall anomaly index, RAI; percent of normal precipitation, PN; deciles, DEC) calculated at different locations of the basin and for different timescales. Collected historical information on drought events is used to contrast results obtained with the indicators. This method has been successfully applied to the lower Jinsha River basin in China, a region prone to frequent and severe droughts. Historical drought events that occurred from 1960 to 2014 have been compiled and cataloged from different sources, in a challenging process. The analysis of the indicators shows a good agreement with the recorded historical drought events on the basin scale. It has been found that the timescale that best reproduces observed events across all the indices is the 6-month timescale.

scholarly journals Searching for the optimal drought index and time scale combination to detect drought: a case study from the lower Jinsha River Basin, China

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Fluixá-Sanmartín ◽  
Deng Pan ◽  
Luzia Fischer ◽  
Boris Orlowsky ◽  
Javier García-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Rainfall Anomaly ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Jinsha River ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Hydrological System

Abstract. Drought indices based on precipitation are commonly used to identify and characterize droughts. Due to the general complexity of droughts, comparison of index-identified events with droughts rely typically on model simulations of the complete hydrological system (e.g., soil humidity or river discharges), entailing potentially significant uncertainties. The present study explores the potential of using precipitation based indices to reproduce observed droughts in the lower part of the Jinsha River Basin, proposing an innovative approach for a catchment-wide drought detection and characterization. Two new indicators, namely the Overall Drought Extension (ODE) and the Overall Drought Intensity (ODI), have been developed. These indicators aim at identifying and characterizing drought events at basin scale, using results from four meteorological drought indices (Standardized Precipitation Index, SPI; Rainfall Anomaly Index, RAI; Percent of Normal precipitation, PN; Deciles, DEC) calculated at different locations of the basin and for different time scales. Collected historical information on drought events is used to contrast results obtained with the indicators. This method has been successfully applied to the lower Jinsha River Basin, in China, a region prone to frequent and severe droughts. Historical drought events occurred from 1960 to 2014 have been compiled and catalogued from different sources, in a challenging process. The analysis of the newly developed indicators shows a good agreement with the recorded historical drought at basin scale. It has been found that the combinations of index and time scale that best reproduces observed events are the SPI-12 and PN-12 for long droughts (1 year or more) and the RAI-6, PN-6 and DEC-6 for shorter or more consecutive events.

scholarly journals Comparison of meteorological indices for drought monitoring and evaluating: a case study from Euphrates basin, Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (S1) ◽  
pp. 29-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Okan Mert Katipoğlu ◽  
Reşat Acar ◽  
Selim Şengül
Keyword(s):  
Drought Index ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Rainfall Anomaly ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Score Index

Abstract Drought incidents occur due to the fact that precipitation values are below average for many years. Drought causes serious effects in many sectors, such as agriculture, economy, health, and energy. Therefore, the determination of drought and water scarcity, monitoring, management, and planning of drought and taking early measures are important issues. In order to solve these issues, the advantages and disadvantages of five different meteorological drought indices were compared, and the most effective drought index was determined for monitoring drought. Accordingly, in the monthly, 3-month, and 12-month time period, covering the years between 1966 and 2017 (52 years), Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Statistical Z-Score Index (ZSI), Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAI), Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), and Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) were used. It was concluded that precipitation-based SPI and ZSI are similar patterns and precipitation, and temperature-based SPEI and RDI are similar patterns. Also, it has been determined that RAI is more effective than other indices in determining the periods of extreme drought or wet. Furthermore, SPEI and RDI have been found to be superior to other indices as they take into account the water consumption and climate effects caused by evapotranspiration.

scholarly journals Comparison of Meteorological Drought using SPI and SPEI

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 2130-2149
Author(s):  
Shashi Shankar Ojha ◽  
Vivekanand Singh ◽  
Thendiyath Roshni
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Drought Assessment ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Effective Water

Drought assessment is crucial for effective water resources management in a river basin. Drought frequency has increased worldwide in recent years due to global warming. In this paper, an attempt is made to assess the meteorological drought in the Punpun river basin, India using two globally accepted drought indices namely, Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). The SPI and SPEI at 1-, 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month timescale were obtained to analyze the temporal variability of different drought levels. Correlation analysis of available observed data and gridded data has been carried out and the correlation coefficient was found to be 0.956. Hence gridded rainfall data from the year 1991 to 2020 is used for further analysis. Potential evapotranspiration (PET) used in the calculation of SPEI was computed by the Thornthwaite method. Water deficit was observed throughout as there is a decrease in rainfall and an increase in PET during the selected period. The results show that the period 2004 to 2006 and 2009 to 2010 years are observed as drought periods by both indices for almost all timescale. The intensity and duration of drought have increased after 2004. A negative trend of both the indices have been observed in all seasons on all timescale, which clearly shows a transition from near normal to moderately dry during the selected time period. The highest correlation between both the indices is for the 12-month scale with R² value 0.92 and the RMSE value 0.28. The main outcome of this study is that both SPI and SPEI show a strong correlation on same time scales adopted in this study. The dependency of SPEI on temperature is also observed in this study. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091783 Full Text: PDF

scholarly journals Performance of Drought Indices in Trichy Region, Tamil Nadu

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
L. Sathya ◽  
R. Lalitha
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Rainfall Anomaly ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Data Series

Droughts are regional phenomena, which are considered as one of the major natural environmental hazards and severely affect the water resources. Climate variability may result in harmful drought periods in semiarid regions. Meteorological drought indices are considered as important tools for drought monitoring, they are embedded with different theoretical and experimental structures. This study compares the performance of three indices of Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAI) End Palmer Drought Severity Index (PNPI) to predict long-term drought events using the Thomas-Feiring Model and historical data. For studies of areal drought extent, the 61 years (1951-2011) historical rainfall data of Trichy District were utilized to generate 58 years (2012-2070) synthetic data series so that the characteristics of long-term drought might be determined and the performance of those three indices might be analyzed and compared. The results show that SPI and PNPI perform similarly with regard to drought identification and detailed analysis to determine the characteristics of long-term drought. Finally, the RAI indicated significant deviations from normalized natural processes.

scholarly journals Application of Meteorological and Hydrological Drought Indices to Establish Drought Classification Maps of the Ba River Basin in Vietnam

Hydrology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doan Quang Tri ◽  
Tran Tho Dat ◽  
Dinh Duc Truong
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Drought Index ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Aridity Index ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Hydrological Drought ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Calibration And Validation

The objective of this study was to establish drought classification maps to simulate and calculate the lack of discharge in the Ba River basin in Vietnam. The maps were established using three meteorological drought indices (the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), the Drought Index (J), and the Ped Index (Ped)), the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, and the hydrological drought index (KDrought). The results from the calculation of the SPI, Aridity Index (AI), and Ped at three stations (An Khe, Ayunpa, and MDrak) showed that the J index was suitable for the study area. Based on the J index, an extreme drought was predicted to occur at the Ayunpa, An Khe, and MDrak stations. During the calibration process, the SWAT Calibration Uncertainties Program (SWAT-CUP) model, with automatic algorithms, was used to select the parameters to optimize the SWAT model. For the calibration and validation, the observed discharge at two hydrology stations, An Khe and Cung Son, from the periods 1981–1991 and 1992–2002, respectively, were used. The simulated discharge was found to be acceptable, with the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), Percent bias (PBIAS), and R2 reaching good levels in both calibration and validation. The results from the calculation of the drought index (KDrought), and the established drought classification maps in 2016, showed that the most affected areas were the communes of the Gia Lai and Dak Lak provinces. The results from the simulation and calculations were found to be consistent with the situation that occurred in practice. The application of meteorological and hydrological drought indices, as well as the hydrological model, to support impact assessments of drought classification in space and time, as well as the establishment of forecasting and warning maps, will help managers to effectively plan policy responses to drought.

scholarly journals Meteorological Drought Analysis with Different Indices for the Betwa River Basin, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uttam Singh ◽  
Pooja Agarwal ◽  
Pramod Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Drought Index ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Drought Assessment

Abstract Climate change is adversely affecting the development, management, and planning of surface and groundwater resources. The meteorological drought becomes a severe natural problem, and it can occur in any climatic region of the world. So, monitoring and minimizing drought is a crucial stage for analyzing and predicting drought impacts. A single drought index can't assess each aspect of the meteorological drought. In this study, we considered seven drought indices such as the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), China Z Index (CZI), Modified China Z Index (MCZI), Percent Normal drought index (PNI), Deciles Index (DI), Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAI), and Z-score index (ZSI). The drought was analyzed for 3, 6, 9, and 12 months’ time-step, and drought classification and threshold values were estimated. SPI showed maximum correlation values 0.389, 0.412, 0.560,and 0.996 for 3, 6, 9,and 12-month time steps compared to the other drought indices. The value of correlation is increased with the increase in time step for all drought indices; therefore, the accuracy of drought assessment also increases with an increase in time step. The Mann-Kendall's trend test was analyzed at a 5% level of significance for drought assessments. The drought magnitude and severity of the Betwa river basin were estimated based on the meteorological data (Rainfall) for the year between 1970 to 2014.

scholarly journals Análisis comparativo de índices de sequía en Andalucía para el periodo 1901-2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Peña-Gallardo ◽  
S. R. Gámiz-Fortís ◽  
Y. Castro-Diez ◽  
M. J. Esteban-Parra
Keyword(s):  
Time Windows ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Precipitation Index ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Global Evaluation ◽  
Temporal Behaviour ◽  
The Standardized Precipitation Index

The aim of this paper is the analysis of the detection and evolution of droughts occurred in Andalusia for the period 1901-2012, by applying three different drought indices: the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), the Standardized Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and the Standardized Drought-Precipitation Index (IESP), computed for three time windows from the initial period 1901-2012. This analysis has been carried out after a preliminary study of precipitation trends with the intention of understanding the precipitation behaviour, because this climatic variable is one of the most important in the study of extreme events. The specific objectives of this study are: (1) to investigate and characterize the meteorological drought events, mainly the most important episodes in Andalusia; (2) to provide a global evaluation of the capacities of the three different considered indices in order to characterize the drought in a heterogeneous climatically territory; and (3) to describe the temporal behaviour of precipitation and drought indices series in order to establish the general characteristics of their evolution in Andalusia. The results have shown that not all the indices respond similarly identifying the intensity and duration of dry periods in this kind of region where geographical and climatic variability is one of the main elements to be considered.

scholarly journals Dynamical delimitation of the Central American Dry Corridor (CADC) using drought indices and aridity values

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Eduardo Quesada-Hernández ◽  
Oscar David Calvo-Solano ◽  
Hugo G Hidalgo ◽  
Paula M Pérez-Briceño ◽  
Eric J Alfaro
Keyword(s):  
Drought Index ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Rainfall Anomaly ◽  
Central American ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Southern Mexico

The Central American Dry Corridor (CADC) is a sub-region in the isthmus that is relatively drier than the rest of the territory. Traditional delineations of the CADC’s boundaries start at the Pacific coast of southern Mexico, stretching south through Central America’s Pacific coast down to northwestern Costa Rica (Guanacaste province). Using drought indices (Standardized Precipitation Index, Modified Rainfall Anomaly Index, Palmer Drought Severity Index, Palmer Hydrological Drought Index, Palmer Drought Z-Index and the Reconnaissance Drought Index) along with a definition of aridity as the ratio of potential evapotranspiration (representing demand of water from the atmosphere) over precipitation (representing the supply of water), we proposed a CADC delineation that changes for normal, dry and wet years. The identification of areas that change their classification during extremely dry conditions is important because these areas may indicate the location of future expansion of aridity associated with climate change. In the same way, the delineation of the CADC during wet extremes allows the identification of locations that remain part of the CADC even during the wettest years and that may require special attention from the authorities.

scholarly journals Using integrated meteorological and hydrological indices to assess drought characteristics in southern Taiwan

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 901-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsin-Fu Yeh
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Drought Index ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Drought Assessment ◽  
Southern Taiwan ◽  
The Standardized Precipitation Index

Abstract Numerous drought index assessment methods have been developed to investigate droughts. This study proposes a more comprehensive assessment method integrating two drought indices. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Streamflow Drought Index (SDI) are employed to establish an integrated drought assessment method to study the trends and characteristics of droughts in southern Taiwan. The overall SPI and SDI values and the spatial and temporal distributions of droughts within a given year (November to October) revealed consistent general trends. Major droughts occurred in the periods of 1979–1980, 1992–1993, 1994–1995, and 2001–2003. According to the results of the Mann–Kendall trend test and the Theil–Sen estimator analysis, the streamflow data from the Sandimen gauging station in the Ailiao River Basin showed a 30% decrease, suggesting increasing aridity between 1964 and 2003. Hence, in terms of water resources management, special attention should be given to the Ailiao River Basin. The integrated analysis showed different types of droughts occurring in different seasons, and the results are in good agreement with the climatic characteristics of southern Taiwan. This study suggests that droughts cannot be explained fully by the application of a single drought index. Integrated analysis using multiple indices is required.

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