scholarly journals Global distribution of hydrologic controls on forest growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 4625-4639
Author(s):  
Caspar T. J. Roebroek ◽  
Lieke A. Melsen ◽  
Anne J. Hoek van Dijke ◽  
Ying Fan ◽  
Adriaan J. Teuling
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Global Distribution ◽  
Landscape Position ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Global Correlation

Abstract. Vegetation provides key ecosystem services and is an important component in the hydrological cycle. Traditionally, the global distribution of vegetation is explained through climatic water availability. Locally, however, groundwater can aid growth by providing an extra water source (e.g. oases) or hinder growth by presenting a barrier to root expansion (e.g. swamps). In this study we analyse the global correlation between humidity (expressing climate-driven water and energy availability), groundwater and forest growth, approximated by the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation, and link this to climate and landscape position. The results show that at the continental scale, climate is the main driver of forest productivity; climates with higher water availability support higher energy absorption and consequentially more growth. Within all climate zones, however, landscape position substantially alters the growth patterns, both positively and negatively. The influence of the landscape on vegetation growth varies over climate, displaying the importance of analysing vegetation growth in a climate–landscape continuum.

scholarly journals Global distribution of hydrologic controls on forest growth

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caspar T. J. Roebroek ◽  
Lieke A. Melsen ◽  
Anne J. Hoek van Dijke ◽  
Ying Fan ◽  
Adriaan J. Teuling
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Global Distribution ◽  
Landscape Position ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Global Correlation ◽  
Hydrologic Controls

Abstract. Vegetation provides key ecosystem services and is an important component in the hydrological cycle. Traditionally, the global distribution of vegetation is explained through water availability by precipitation. Locally, however, groundwater can aid growth by providing an extra water source (e.g. oases) or hinder growth by presenting a barrier to root expansion (e.g. swamps). In this study we analysed the global correlation between precipitation, groundwater and forest growth, approximated by the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation, and linked this to climate and landscape position. The results show that at the continental scale, precipitation is the main driver of forest productivity; wetter climates support higher energy absorption and consequentially more growth. But within all climates, landscape position substantially alters the growth patterns both positively and negatively. The influence of the landscape on vegetation growth varies over climate. The results display the importance of analysing vegetation growth in a climate-landscape continuum.

scholarly journals Using GEDI lidar data and airborne laser scanning to assess height growth dynamics in fast-growing species: a showcase in Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Guerra-Hernández ◽  
Adrián Pascual
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Pinus Pinaster ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Airborne Laser Scanning ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Airborne Laser

Abstract Background The NASA’s Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) satellite mission aims at scanning forest ecosystems on a multi-temporal short-rotation basis. The GEDI data can validate and update statistics from nationwide airborne laser scanning (ALS). We present a case in the Northwest of Spain using GEDI statistics and nationwide ALS surveys to estimate forest dynamics in three fast-growing forest ecosystems comprising 211,346 ha. The objectives were: i) to analyze the potential of GEDI to detect disturbances, ii) to investigate uncertainty source regarding non-positive height increments from the 2015–2017 ALS data to the 2019 GEDI laser shots and iii) to estimate height growth using polygons from the Forest Map of Spain (FMS). A set of 258 National Forest Inventory plots were used to validate the observed height dynamics. Results The spatio-temporal assessment from ALS surveying to GEDI scanning allowed the large-scale detection of harvests. The mean annual height growths were 0.79 (SD = 0.63), 0.60 (SD = 0.42) and 0.94 (SD = 0.75) m for Pinus pinaster, Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus spp., respectively. The median annual values from the ALS-GEDI positive increments were close to NFI-based growth values computed for Pinus pinaster and Pinus radiata, respectively. The effect of edge border, spatial co-registration of GEDI shots and the influence of forest cover in the observed dynamics were important factors to considering when processing ALS data and GEDI shots. Discussion The use of GEDI laser data provides valuable insights for forest industry operations especially when accounting for fast changes. However, errors derived from positioning, ground finder and canopy structure can introduce uncertainty to understand the detected growth patterns as documented in this study. The analysis of forest growth using ALS and GEDI would benefit from the generalization of common rules and data processing schemes as the GEDI mission is increasingly being utilized in the forest remote sensing community.

scholarly journals Interactive effects of ambient ozone and climate measured on growth of mature loblolly pine trees

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 670-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.B. McLaughlin ◽  
D.J. Downing
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Ambient Ozone

Seasonal growth patterns of mature loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) trees over the interval 1988–1993 have been analyzed to evaluate the effects of ambient ozone on growth of large forest trees. Patterns of stem expansion and contraction of 34 trees were examined using serial measurements with sensitive dendrometer band systems. Study sites, located in eastern Tennessee, varied significantly in soil moisture, soil fertility, and stand density. Levels of ozone, rainfall, and temperature varied widely over the 6-year study interval. Regression analysis identified statistically significant influences of ozone on stem growth patterns, with responses differing widely among trees and across years. Ozone interacted with both soil moisture stress and high temperatures, explaining 63% of the high frequency, climatic variance in stem expansion identified by stepwise regression of the 5-year data set. Observed responses to ozone were rapid, typically occurring within 1–3 days of exposure to ozone at ≥40 ppb and were significantly amplified by low soil moisture and high air temperatures. Both short-term responses, apparently tied to ozone-induced increases in whole-tree water stress, and longer term cumulative responses were identified. These data indicate that relatively low levels of ambient ozone can significantly reduce growth of mature forest trees and that interactions between ambient ozone and climate are likely to be important modifiers of future forest growth and function. Additional studies of mechanisms of short-term response and interspecies comparisons are clearly needed.

scholarly journals Assessment of the impact of climate change on the freshwater availability of Kaduna River basin, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria C. Okafor ◽  
Kingsley N. Ogbu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Climate Indices ◽  
The Impact

AbstractChanges in runoff trends have caused severe water shortages and ecological problems in agriculture and human well-being in Nigeria. Understanding the long-term (inter-annual to decadal) variations of water availability in river basins is paramount for water resources management and climate change adaptation. Climate change in Northern Nigeria could lead to change of the hydrological cycle and water availability. Moreover, the linkage between climatic changes and streamflow fluctuations is poorly documented in this area. Therefore, this study examined temporal trends in rainfall, temperature and runoff records of Kaduna River basin. Using appropriate statistical tools and participatory survey, trends in streamflow and their linkages with the climate indices were explored to determine their amplifying impacts on water availability and impacts on livelihoods downstream the basin. Analysis indicate variable rainfall trend with significant wet and dry periods. Unlike rainfall, temperature showed annual and seasonal scale statistically increasing trend. Runoff exhibit increasing tendency but only statistically significant on annual scale as investigated with Mann–Kendall trend test. Sen’s estimator values stood in agreement with Mann–Kendall test for all variables. Kendall tau and partial correlation results revealed the influence of climatic variables on runoff. Based on the survey, some of the hydrological implications and current water stress conditions of these fluctuations for the downstream inhabitants were itemized. With increasing risk of climate change and demand for water, we therefore recommend developing adaptive measures in seasonal regime of water availability and future work on modelling of the diverse hydrological characteristics of the entire basin.

scholarly journals The Hydraulic Modelling on Sediments Ponds in Binanga Aron River, North Sumatera Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 392-404
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Soil Mechanics ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Hydraulic Modelling ◽  
Sediment Storage ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
Water Quality Status ◽  
Primary Channel

The development of dams and sediments ponds which is the hydrological planning to improve the aspect of irrigation, river engineering, foundations, soil mechanics, environmental engineering, hydrology and hydraulics. The management difficulty for a decision maker of environmental impacts which is the river's condition does not change for the better in direct response to reduction in nutrient concentration. The aims of this study to evaluate the design of reservoirs building and analysing the water flow and volume of sediment storage in the Binanga Aron River, Samosir, North Sumatera Indonesia. The hydraulic modelling on sediments ponds will ensuring the availability of sufficient volume of water, river flows and water quality status. The primary channel building is equipped with a door to prevent the rinsing water flow back to the primary channel and prevent the entry of rinsing water containing sediment into the canal. Then, the insufficient water availability from the river that is used as a water source in the irrigation area, then the irrigation area is still possible to supply water from nearby water sources. From the result, the volume of water recorded 1,977 ltr/s/ha with simultaneously delivery system. It is necessary to adjust the position of the dam, where the channel flow depth in the sedimentary bag building at least 0.236 m, the discharge ranges from 0.078 - 0.263 m3 /sec. The water availability planned of water sources into artificial reservoirs in the Binanga Aron River to maintain the water supply

scholarly journals No growth stimulation of Canada’s boreal forest under half-century of combined warming and CO2 fertilization

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (52) ◽  
pp. E8406-E8414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin P. Girardin ◽  
Olivier Bouriaud ◽  
Edward H. Hogg ◽  
Werner Kurz ◽  
Niklaus E. Zimmermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Growth Trends ◽  
Growth Variability

Considerable evidence exists that current global temperatures are higher than at any time during the past millennium. However, the long-term impacts of rising temperatures and associated shifts in the hydrological cycle on the productivity of ecosystems remain poorly understood for mid to high northern latitudes. Here, we quantify species-specific spatiotemporal variability in terrestrial aboveground biomass stem growth across Canada’s boreal forests from 1950 to the present. We use 873 newly developed tree-ring chronologies from Canada’s National Forest Inventory, representing an unprecedented degree of sampling standardization for a large-scale dendrochronological study. We find significant regional- and species-related trends in growth, but the positive and negative trends compensate each other to yield no strong overall trend in forest growth when averaged across the Canadian boreal forest. The spatial patterns of growth trends identified in our analysis were to some extent coherent with trends estimated by remote sensing, but there are wide areas where remote-sensing information did not match the forest growth trends. Quantifications of tree growth variability as a function of climate factors and atmospheric CO2 concentration reveal strong negative temperature and positive moisture controls on spatial patterns of tree growth rates, emphasizing the ecological sensitivity to regime shifts in the hydrological cycle. An enhanced dependence of forest growth on soil moisture during the late-20th century coincides with a rapid rise in summer temperatures and occurs despite potential compensating effects from increased atmospheric CO2 concentration.

Defining phreatophyte response to reduced water availability: preliminary investigations on the use of xylem cavitation vulnerability in Banksia woodland species

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Froend ◽  
P. L. Drake
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Xylem Cavitation ◽  
Xylem Water Potential ◽  
Critical Thresholds ◽  
Species Response ◽  
Critical Range ◽  
Reduced Water

The consideration of phreatophyte response to changes in water availability is important in identifying ecological water requirements in water-resource planning. Although much is known about water-source partitioning and intra- and interspecific variability in groundwater use by Banksia woodland species, little is known about the response of these species to groundwater draw-down. This paper describes a preliminary study into the use of xylem cavitation vulnerability as a measure of species response to reduced water availability. A response function and critical range in percentage loss of conductance is identified for four Banksia woodland overstorey species. Similarity in the vulnerability curves of B. attenuata R.Br. and B. menziesii R.Br. at low tensions supports the notion that they occupy a similar ecohydrological niche, as defined by their broad distributions relative to depth to groundwater. B. ilicifolia R.Br., however, as an obligate phreatophyte, has a range restricted to environments of higher water availability and shallower depth to groundwater and this is reflected in greater vulnerability to cavitation (relative to other Banksia) at lower tensions. The wetland tree Melaleuca preissiana Schauer generally expressed a greater vulnerability at any given xylem water potential (Ψx). This paper identifies the range in Ψx within which there is an elevated risk of tree mortality, and represents a first step towards quantifying the critical thresholds in the response of Banksia woodland species to reduced water availability.

scholarly journals Aerial and surface rivers: downwind impacts on water availability from land use changes in Amazonia

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 911-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Weng ◽  
Matthias K. B. Luedeke ◽  
Delphine C. Zemp ◽  
Tobia Lakes ◽  
Juergen P. Kropp
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Runoff Changes ◽  
Current Water ◽  
Spatially Varying ◽  
Land Water

Abstract. The abundant evapotranspiration provided by the Amazon forests is an important component of the hydrological cycle, both regionally and globally. Since the last century, deforestation and expanding agricultural activities have been changing the ecosystem and its provision of moisture to the atmosphere. However, it remains uncertain how the ongoing land use change will influence rainfall, runoff, and water availability as findings from previous studies differ. Using moisture tracking experiments based on observational data, we provide a spatially detailed analysis recognizing potential teleconnection between source and sink regions of atmospheric moisture. We apply land use scenarios in upwind moisture sources and quantify the corresponding rainfall and runoff changes in downwind moisture sinks. We find spatially varying responses of water regimes to land use changes, which may explain the diverse results from previous studies. Parts of the Peruvian Amazon and western Bolivia are identified as the sink areas most sensitive to land use change in the Amazon and we highlight the current water stress by Amazonian land use change on these areas in terms of the water availability. Furthermore, we also identify the influential source areas where land use change may considerably reduce a given target sink's water reception (from our example of the Ucayali River basin outlet, rainfall by 5–12 % and runoff by 19–50 % according to scenarios). Sensitive sinks and influential sources are therefore suggested as hotspots for achieving sustainable land–water management.

Climatic comparisons with tree-ring data from montane forests: are the climatic data appropriate?

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth D. Kimball ◽  
MaryBeth Keifer
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Montane Forest ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Precipitation Data ◽  
Montane Forests ◽  
Monthly Temperature ◽  
Tree Ring Data ◽  
Mount Washington

The appropriateness of relating spatially proximate (40-km radius) temperature and precipitation data from different elevations to montane forest growth patterns was investigated for Mount Washington, New Hampshire. Monthly mean temperature and total precipitation data (1933–1983) were correlated (p < 0.05) among all pairs of meteorological stations (280, 420, 610, 1915 m and regional averages) on or near Mount Washington. The unexplained variance (1 − r2) for precipitation comparisons between meteorological stations was greater relative to temperature. When correlated with the average tree-ring index chronology of 90 red spruce trees on Mount Washington (800–1200 m), the monthly temperature data yielded similar correlative patterns among the four meteorological stations. However, the monthly temperature data from the meteorological stations (610 and 1915 m) most proximate to the montane forest study site were correlated (p < 0.10) with the tree-ring indices for two to three times as many months as the temperature data from the lower elevations. There was no consistency in correlative results of tree-ring indices with monthly precipitation data among the four meteorological stations. However, precipitation measurements and Palmer drought indices are poor indicators of moisture availability in montane forests. We conclude that spatially proximate, low elevation temperature data can underestimate correlative relationships between temperature and montane tree-ring data in the northeastern United States.

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