Influence of hydropedology on viticulture and oenology of Sangiovese vine in the Chianti area (Central Italy)

Abstract. The adoption of precision agriculture in viticulture requires the knowledge of the spatial and temporal variability of available soil water. A three-years trial was carried out in Chianti (central Italy) on Sangiovese vine to test the prediction capacity of selected hydropedological models for two soil series cultivated with grape and for delineating hydrological functional units within two vineyards. The soils of the vineyards differentiated in structure, porosity and related hydropedological characteristics, as well as in salinity. Soils were mapped with a geophysical survey and six plots were selected in different morphological positions: summit, backslope and footslope. Water content, redox processes and temperature were monitored, and yield, phenological phases, and chemical analysis of grapes were determined. The isotopic ratio δ13C was measured in the wine ethanol upon harvesting to evaluate the degree of water stress suffered by vines. The grapes in each plot were collected for wine making in small barrels. The wines obtained were analysed and submitted to a blind organoleptic testing. The results demonstrated that the tested hydropedological models can be used for the prevision of the moisture status of soils cultivated with grape during summertime in Mediterranean climate. As foreseen by the models, the amount of mean daily transpirable soil water differed considerably between the vineyards and increased significantly along the three positions on slope in both vineyards and in every year, even during the very dry 2006. However, both the response of Sangiovese to water stress and the quality of wine were influenced by the interaction between transpirable water and salinity. The installation of IRIS tubes allowed confirmation of the occurrence of redox processes, although discoloration was influenced more by soil temperature, rather than by moisture. The map produced by once only geophysical survey mirrored only partially the seasonal hydropedology of these heavily tilled soils on slope.

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Relevance of the Lin's and Host hydropedological models to predict grape yield and wine quality

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences ◽

10.5194/hess-13-1635-2009 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 1635-1648 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

E. A. C. Costantini ◽

S. Pellegrini ◽

P. Bucelli ◽

P. Storchi ◽

N. Vignozzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Variability ◽

Soil Water ◽

Precision Agriculture ◽

Isotopic Ratio ◽

Central Italy ◽

Topographic Wetness Index ◽

Wine Quality ◽

Combined Application ◽

Functional Units ◽

Grape Yield

Abstract. The adoption of precision agriculture in viticulture could be greatly enhanced by the diffusion of straightforward and easy to be applied hydropedological models, able to predict the spatial variability of available soil water. The Lin's and Host hydropedological models were applied to standard soil series descriptions and hillslope position, to predict the distribution of hydrological functional units in two vineyard and their relevance for grape yield and wine quality. A three-years trial was carried out in Chianti (Central Italy) on Sangiovese. The soils of the vineyards differentiated in structure, porosity and related hydropedological characteristics, as well as in salinity. Soil spatial variability was deeply affected by earth movement carried out before vine plantation. Six plots were selected in the different hydrological functional units of the two vineyards, that is, at summit, backslope and footslope morphological positions, to monitor soil hydrology, grape production and wine quality. Plot selection was based upon a cluster analysis of local slope, topographic wetness index (TWI), and cumulative moisture up to the root limiting layer, appreciated by means of a detailed combined geophysical survey. Water content, redox processes and temperature were monitored, as well as yield, phenological phases, and chemical analysis of grapes. The isotopic ratio δ13C was measured in the wine ethanol upon harvesting to evaluate the degree of stress suffered by vines. The grapes in each plot were collected for wine making in small barrels. The wines obtained were analysed and submitted to a blind organoleptic testing. The results demonstrated that the combined application of the two hydropedological models can be used for the prevision of the moisture status of soils cultivated with grape during summertime in Mediterranean climate. As correctly foreseen by the models, the amount of mean daily transpirable soil water (TSW) during the growing season differed considerably between the vineyards and increased significantly along the three positions on slope in both vineyards. The water accumulation along slope occurred in every year, even during the very dry 2006. The installation of indicators of reduction in soils (IRIS) tubes allowed confirmation of the occurrence of reductive processes in the most shallow soil. Both Sangiovese grape yield and quality of wine were influenced by the interaction between TSW content and salinity, sometimes contrary to expectations. Therefore, the studied hydropedological models were not relevant to predict grape yield and wine quality in all the hydrological functional units. The diffusion of hydropedological models in precision viticulture could be boosted considering salinity along with topography and soil hydrological characteristics.

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USE OF SEED+® AND CROP+® BIOESTIMULANTS ON THE QUALITY OF TOMATO FRUITS UNDER WATER STRESS

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252020v33n129rc ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 266-273

Author(s):

MARIANE PERIPOLLI ◽

ANTONIO CARLOS FERREIRA DA SILVA ◽

SYLVIO HENRIQUE BIDEL DORNELLES ◽

DANIE MARTINI SANCHOTENE ◽

VINICIUS SEVERO TRIVISIOL

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Soil Water ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Water Retention Capacity ◽

Soil Water Retention ◽

Retention Capacity ◽

Tomato Fruits ◽

Randomized Experimental Design

ABSTRACT Accelerated biotic and abiotic stresses have diminished the quality and yield of agricultural products. Thus, the use of biostimulants comes with the proposal of reducing the stresses experienced by plants and, consequently, reducing agricultural losses. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of Seed+® and Crop+® biostimulants on tomato fruits, cultivar Santa Cruz Kada, under water stress. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse. A completely randomized experimental design was used, in a 2 x 2 x 6 three-factor scheme, with the following factors: application time (flowering and fruiting), soil water conditions (50% and 100% of soil water retention capacity) and biostimulants (without treatment; Seed+®; Seed+® + Crop+® 1x the commercial dose; Seed+® + Crop+® 2x the commercial dose; Crop+® 1x the commercial dose; Crop+® 2x the commercial dose). Under water deficit conditions, the fruits of plants treated with Seed+® and Crop+® biostimulants had higher values of pH, total soluble solids and titratable acidity compared to plants that did not receive biostimulants. Seed+® and Crop+® biostimulants maintain the quality of tomato fruits until 18 days after harvest.

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Crop Water Condition Mapping by Optical Remote Sensing

International Journal of Geoinformatics ◽

10.52939/ijg.v17i1.1699 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 11-17

Author(s):

M.V. Wojtaszek ◽

I. Abdurahmanov

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Water Stress ◽

Soil Water ◽

Precision Agriculture ◽

Water Status ◽

Vegetation Indices ◽

Irrigation Scheduling ◽

Crop Water ◽

Stress Monitoring ◽

Wide Range

Crop water stress monitoring represents a fundamental step in agricultural production. In order to increase water savings and enhance agricultural sustainability, implementation of suitable irrigation scheduling methods is essential, and requires early detection of water stress in crops, before it causes irreversible damage and yield loss. There are different methods to measure water stress, some of them are based on soil moisture measurements while others are based on calculations of vegetation indices, evapotranspiration or soil water balance. Currently, the use of remote sensing technologies for the analysis of plant water status comprises a wide range of available methods such as infrared thermometry for canopy temperature measures, microwave radiation for soil water content assessment, and spectral vegetation indices for the study of the reflectance responses of canopies to different environmental conditions. The aim of the presented work is to investigate the applicability of the optical trapezoid model (OPtical TRApezoid Model) in mapping the moisture content within agricultural field. The model ability to provide vegetation characteristics, and crop water status at the canopy scale can improve the site-specific decision-making process in a precision agriculture.

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The influences of water stress on the quality of rice in a cold region and comparison of identification methods of quality drought resistance

Advances in Earth and Environmental Sciences ◽

10.2495/icesep130961 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaohong Guo ◽

Guiping Zheng ◽

Jian Zhou ◽

Dandan Li ◽

Yue Zheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Drought Resistance ◽

Cold Region ◽

Identification Methods

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Potassium Application Positively Modulates Physiological Responses of Cocoa Seedlings to Drought Stress

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11030563 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 563

Author(s):

Esther Anokye ◽

Samuel T. Lowor ◽

Jerome A. Dogbatse ◽

Francis K. Padi

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Soil Water ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Electrolyte Leakage ◽

Seedling Survival ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Biomass Partitioning ◽

Chlorophyll Content And Fluorescence ◽

Physiological Functions ◽

Soil Water Stress

With increasing frequency and intensity of dry spells in the cocoa production zones of West Africa, strategies for mitigating impact of water stress on cocoa seedling survival are urgently required. We investigated the effects of applied potassium on biomass accumulation, physiological processes and survival of cocoa varieties subjected to water stress in pot experiments in a gauzehouse facility. Four levels of potassium (0, 1, 2, or 3 g/plant as muriate of potash) were used. Soil water stress reduced plant biomass accumulation (shoot and roots), relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll content and fluorescence. Leaf phenol and proline contents were increased under water stress. Additionally, compared to the well-watered conditions, soils under water stress treatments had higher contents of exchangeable potassium and available phosphorus at the end of the experimental period. Potassium applied under well-watered conditions reduced leaf chlorophyll content and fluorescence and increased leaf electrolyte leakage, but improved the growth and integrity of physiological functions under soil water stress. Potassium addition increased biomass partitioning to roots, improved RWC and leaf membrane stability, and significantly improved cocoa seedling survival under water stress. Under water stress, the variety with the highest seedling mortality accumulated the highest contents of phenol and proline. A significant effect of variety on plant physiological functions was observed. Generally, varieties with PA 7 parentage had higher biomass partitioning to roots and better seedling survival under soil moisture stress. Proportion of biomass partitioned to roots, RWC, chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf electrolyte leakage appear to be the most reliable indicators of cocoa seedling tolerance to drought.

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Effects of Various Quantities of Three Irrigation Water Types on Yield and Fruit Quality of ‘Succary’ Date Palm

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11040796 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 796

Author(s):

Mohamed A. Mattar ◽

Said S. Soliman ◽

Rashid S. Al-Obeed

Keyword(s):

Soil Water ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Deficit Irrigation ◽

Date Palm ◽

Saline Water ◽

Irrigation Level ◽

Water Types ◽

Palm Trees

A field experiment was conducted on date palm trees (Phoenix dactylifera ‘Succary’) cultivated on sandy loam soil from 2017 to 2018. This study investigated the effects of providing water of three different qualities, namely freshwater (FR) and two saline water sources: reclaimed wastewater (RW) and well-water (WE) applied through three irrigation levels representing 50% (I50), 100% (I100), and 150% (I150) of crop evapotranspiration (ETc), on the soil water and salt distribution patterns, yield, water productivity (WP), and fruit quality of the ′Succary′ date palm. The electrical conductivity (ECw) of FR, RW, and WE were 0.18, 2.06, and 3.94 dS m−1, respectively. Results showed that WE applied by the I150 treatment had the highest soil water content, followed by RW used in the I100 irrigation level and FR with I50, whereas the soil salt content was high for WE applied in the I50 level and low for FR applied by the I150 treatment. Deficit irrigation (I50) of date palms with either RW or WE reduced date yields on average 86 kg per tree, whereas the yield increased under over-irrigation (I150) with FR to 123.25 kg per tree. High WP values were observed in the I50 treatments with FR, RW, or WE (on average 1.82, 1.68, and 1.67 kg m−3, respectively), whereas the I150 treatment with each of the three water types showed the lowest WP values. Fruit weight and size were the lowest in the full irrigation (I100) with WE, whereas the I150 treatment with RW showed the highest values. There were no significant differences in either total soluble solids (TSS) or acidity values when the irrigation level decreased from 100% to 50% ETc. Compared with both I50 and I100 treatments, reduced values of both TSS and acidity were observed in the I150 treatment when ECw decreased from 3.94 to 0.18 dS m−1,. Fruit moisture content decreased with the application of saline irrigation water (i.e., RW or WE). Total sugar and non-reducing sugar contents in fruits were found to be decreased in the combination of RW and I150, whereas the 50% ETc irrigation level caused an increment in both parameters. These results suggest that the application of deficit irrigation to date palm trees grown in arid regions, either with FR or without it, can sufficiently maximize WP and improve the quality of fruits but negatively affects yield, especially when saline water is applied. The use of saline water for irrigation may negatively affect plants because of salt accumulation in the soil in the long run.

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