scholarly journals Modeling hydrological processes influenced by soil, rock and vegetation in a small karst basin of southwest China

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 561-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.-C. Zhang ◽  
X. Chen ◽  
A. Ghadouani ◽  
P. Shi ◽  
X.-W. Xue
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Hydrological Simulation ◽  
Distributed Modeling ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Underground Flow

Abstract. Hydrological processes in the karst basin are controlled by the permeable multi-media consisting of soil pores, epikarst fractures and underground conduits. Distributed modeling of hydrological dynamics in such heterogeneously hydrogeological conditions is a challenging task. Based on the multi-layer structure of the distributed hydrology-soil-vegetation model (DHSVM), a distributed hydrological model for a karst basin was developed by integrating mathematical routings of porous Darcy flow, fissure flow and underground channel flow. Specifically, infiltration and saturated flow movement within epikarst fractures are expressed by the "cubic law" equation which is associated with fractural width, direction and spacing. A typical karst basin located in Guizhou province of southwest China was selected for this hydrological simulation. The basin has detailed meteorological, soil moisture content and underground flow discharges. In addition, in situ measurements of soil properties and hydraulic conductivities were also available. Distribution of epikarst fractures was statistically generated based on fractural features data collected during field investigations. Hydraulic conductivities of epikarst fractures are estimated based on observed flow discharges as initial values. These parameters together with others are further calibrated through marching the observed and simulated soil moisture contents and underground flow discharges from the basin outlet. The results show that the new model was able to capture the sharp increase and decrease of underground streamflow hydrograph, and as such can be used to investigate hydrological effects in such rock features.

scholarly journals Physically-based modelling of hydrological processes in a tropical headwater catchment (West Africa) – process representation and multi-criteria validation

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 829-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Giertz ◽  
B. Diekkrüger ◽  
G. Steup
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Headwater Catchment

Abstract. The aim of the study was to test the applicability of a physically-based model to simulate the hydrological processes in a headwater catchment in Benin. Field investigations in the catchment have shown that lateral processes such as surface runoff and interflow are most important. Therefore, the 1-D SVAT-model SIMULAT was modified to a semi-distributed hillslope version (SIMULAT-H). Based on a good database, the model was evaluated in a multi-criteria validation using discharge, discharge components and soil moisture data. For the validation of discharge, good results were achieved for dry and wet years. The main differences were observable in the beginning of the rainy season. A comparison of the discharge components determined by hydro-chemical measurements with the simulation revealed that the model simulated the ratio of groundwater fluxes and fast runoff components correctly. For the validation of the discharge components of single events, larger differences were observable, which was partly caused by uncertainties in the precipitation data. The representation of the soil moisture dynamics by the model was good for the top soil layer. For deeper soil horizons, which are characterized by higher gravel content, the differences between simulated and measured soil moisture were larger. A good agreement of simulation results and field investigations was achieved for the runoff generation processes. Interflow is the predominant process on the upper and the middle slopes, while at the bottom of the hillslope groundwater recharge and – during the rainy season – saturated overland flow are important processes.

scholarly journals Physically-based modelling of hydrological processes in a tropical headwater catchment in Benin (West Africa) – process representation and multi-criteria validation

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 595-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Giertz ◽  
B. Diekkrüger ◽  
G. Steup
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Headwater Catchment

Abstract. The aim of the study was to test the applicability of a physically-based model to simulate the hydrological processes in a headwater catchment in Benin. Field investigations in the catchment have shown that lateral processes as surface runoff and interflow are most important. Therefore the 1-D SVAT-model SIMULAT was modified to a hillslope version (SIMULAT-H). Due to a good database the model was evaluated in a multi-criteria validation using discharge, discharge components and spatially distributed soil moisture data. For the validation of discharge good results were achieved for dry and wet years. Main differences were observable in the beginning of the rainy season. The comparison of the discharge components determined by hydrochemical measurements with the simulation revealed that the model simulated the ratio of groundwater fluxes and fast runoff components correctly. For the validation of the discharge components of single events larger differences were observable, which was partly caused by uncertainties in the precipitation data. The representation of the soil moisture dynamics by the model was good for the top soil layer. For deeper soil horizons, which are characterized by higher gravel content, the differences between simulated and measured soil moisture were larger. Concerning the runoff generation processes a good agreement of simulation results and field investigations was achieved. On the upper and the middle slope interflow is the predominant process, while at the bottom of the hillslope groundwater recharge and – during the rainy season – saturated overland flow are important processes.

scholarly journals iHydroSlide3D v1.0: an advanced hydrological-geotechnical model for hydrological simulation and three-dimensional landslide prediction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoding Chen ◽  
Ke Zhang ◽  
Sheng Wang ◽  
Yi Xia ◽  
Lijun Chao
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Slope Stability ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Hydrological Simulation ◽  
Model Features ◽  
Landslide Model

Abstract. Forecasting flood–landslide cascading disasters in flood- and landslide-prone regions is an important topic within the scientific community. Existing hydrological-geotechnical models mainly employ infinite or static 3D stability model and very few models have incorporated the 3D landslide model into a distributed hydrological model. In this work, we modified a 3D landslide model to account for slope stability under various soil wetness states and then coupled it with the Coupled Routing and Excess STorage (CREST) distributed hydrology model, forming a new modelling system called iHydroSlide3D v1.0. The model features the feasibility of applying flexibly different simulating resolutions for hydrological and slope stability submodules by embedding a soil moisture downscaling method. For a large-scale application, we paralleled the code and elaborated several computational strategies. The model produces a relatively comprehensive and reliable diagnosis for flood-landslide events, including (i) complete hydrological components (e.g., soil moisture and streamflow), (ii) a landslide susceptibility assessment (factor of safety and probability of occurrence), and (iii) a landslide hazard analysis (geometric properties of potential failures). We evaluated the plausibility of the model by testing it in a large and complex geographical area, the Yuehe River Basin, China, where we attempted to reproduce cascading flood–landslide events. The results are well verified at both hydrological and geotechnical levels. iHydroSlide3D v1.0 is therefore appropriately used as an innovative tool for assessing and predicting cascading flood–landslide events once the model is well calibrated.

scholarly journals Preliminary Characterization of Underground Hydrological Processes under Multiple Rainfall Conditions and Rocky Desertification Degrees in Karst Regions of Southwest China

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guijing Li ◽  
Matteo Rubinato ◽  
Long Wan ◽  
Bin Wu ◽  
Jiufu Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southwest China ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Rocky Desertification ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Overland Flows ◽  
Output Characteristics ◽  
Underground Flow

Karst regions are widely distributed in Southwest China and due to the complexity of their geologic structure, it is very challenging to collect data useful to provide a better understanding of surface, underground and fissure flows, needed to calibrate and validate numerical models. Without characterizing these features, it is very problematic to fully establish rainfall–runoff processes associated with soil loss in karst landscapes. Water infiltrated rapidly to the underground in rocky desertification areas. To fill this gap, this experimental work was completed to preliminarily determine the output characteristics of subsurface and underground fissure flows and their relationships with rainfall intensities (30 mm h−1, 60 mm h−1 and 90 mm h−1) and bedrock degrees (30%, 40% and 50%), as well as the role of underground fissure flow in the near-surface rainfall–runoff process. Results indicated that under light rainfall conditions (30 mm h−1), the hydrological processes observed were typical of Dunne overland flows; however, under moderate (60 mm h−1) and high rainfall conditions (90 mm h−1), hydrological processes were typical of Horton overland flows. Furthermore, results confirmed that the generation of underground runoff for moderate rocky desertification (MRD) and severe rocky desertification (SRD) happened 18.18% and 45.45% later than the timing recorded for the light rocky desertification (LRD) scenario. Additionally, results established that the maximum rate of underground runoff increased with the increase of bedrock degrees and the amount of cumulative underground runoff measured under different rocky desertification was SRD > MRD > LRD. In terms of flow characterization, for the LRD configuration under light rainfall intensity the underground runoff was mainly associated with soil water, which was accounting for about 85%–95%. However, under moderate and high rainfall intensities, the underground flow was mainly generated from fissure flow.

scholarly journals Analysis and Prediction of “AI + Education” Attention Based on Baidu Index—Taking Guizhou Province as an Example

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Yulin Zhao ◽  
Junke Li ◽  
Jiang-E Wang
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Arima Model ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Elastic Coefficient ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Intelligence Education ◽  
Coefficient Method

Studying the attention of “artificial intelligence + education” in ethnic areas is of great significance for China for promoting the integrated development of new educational modes and modern technology in the western region. Guizhou province is an area inhabited by ethnic minorities, located in the heart of Southwest China. The development of its intelligent education has strong enlightenment for the whole country and the region. Therefore, this paper selects the Baidu Index of “artificial intelligence (AI) + education” in Guizhou province from 2013 to 2020, analyzes the spatial–temporal characteristics of its network attention by using the elastic coefficient method, and builds the ARIMA model on this basis to predict future development. The results show that the public’s attention to “AI + education” differs significantly in time and space. Then, according to the prediction results, this paper puts forward relevant suggestions for the country to promote the sustainable development of education in western ethnic areas.

Exploring hydrological processes at a small agricultural catchment in the Czech Republic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tailin Li ◽  
Nina Noreika ◽  
Jakub Jeřábek ◽  
Tomáš Dostál ◽  
David Zumr
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Hydraulic Parameters ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Mike She ◽  
Stream Discharge ◽  
Soil Hydraulic Parameters ◽  
Soil Hydraulic

<p>A better understanding of hydrological processes in agricultural catchments is not only crucial to hydrologists but also helpful for local farmers. Therefore, we have built the freely-available web-based WALNUD dataset (Water in Agricultural Landscape – NUčice Database) for our experimental catchment Nučice (0.53 km<sup>2</sup>), the Czech Republic. We have included observed precipitation, air temperature, stream discharge, and soil moisture in the dataset. Furthermore, we have applied numerical modelling techniques to investigate the hydrological processes (e.g. soil moisture variability, water balance) at the experimental catchment using the dataset.</p><p>The Nučice catchment, established in 2011, serves for the observation of rainfall-runoff processes, soil erosion and water balance of the cultivated landscape. The average altitude is 401 m a.s.l., the mean land slope is 3.9 %, and the climate is humid continental (mean annual temperature 7.9 °C, average annual precipitation 630 mm). The catchment consists of three fields covering over 95 % of the area. There is a narrow stream which begins as a subsurface drainage pipe in the uppermost field draining the water at catchment. The typical crops are winter wheat, rapeseed, mustard and alfalfa. The installed equipment includes a standard meteorological station, several rain gauges distributed in the area of the basin, and an H flume to monitor the stream discharge, water turbidity and basic water quality indicators. The soil water content (at point scale) and groundwater level are also recorded. Recently, we have installed two cosmic-ray soil moisture sensors (StyX Neutronica) to estimate large-scale topsoil water content at the catchment.</p><p>Even though the soil management and soil properties in the fields of Nučice seem to be nearly homogeneous, we have observed variability in the topsoil moisture pattern. The method for the explanation of the soil water regime was the combination of the connectivity indices and numerical modelling. The soil moisture profiles from the point-scale sensors were processed in a 1-D physically-based soil water model (HYDRUS-1D) to optimize the soil hydraulic parameters. Further, the soil hydraulic parameters were used as input into a 3D spatially-distributed model, MIKE-SHE. The MIKE-SHE simulation has been mainly calibrated with rainfall-runoff observations. Meanwhile, the spatial patterns of the soil moisture were assessed from the simulation for both dry and wet catchment conditions. From the MIKE-SHE simulation, the optimized soil hydraulic parameters have improved the estimation of soil moisture dynamics and runoff generation. Also, the correlation between the observed and simulated soil moisture spatial patterns showed different behaviors during the dry and wet catchment conditions.</p><p>This study has been supported by the Grant Agency of the Czech Technical University in Prague, grant No. SGS20/156/OHK1/3T/11 and the Project SHui which is co-funded by the European Union Project: 773903 and the Chinese MOST.</p>

Research Paper DNA barcode identification of fish products from Guiyang markets in southwest China

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Tang ◽  
Qi Luo ◽  
Qian Duan ◽  
Lei Deng ◽  
Renyi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
Fresh Frozen

Nowadays, the global fish consumption continues to rise along with the continuous growth of the population, which has led to the dilemma of overfishing of fishery resources. Especially high-value fish that are overfished are often replaced by other fish. Therefore, the accurate identification of fish products in the market is a problem worthy of attention. In this study, full-DNA barcoding (FDB) and mini-DNA barcoding (MDB) used to detect the fraud of fish products in Guiyang, Guizhou province in China. The molecular identification results showed that 39 of the 191 samples were not consistent with the labels. The mislabelling of fish products for fresh, frozen, cooked and canned were 11.70%, 20.00%, 34.09% and 50.00%, respectively. The average kimura 2 parameter distances of MDB within species and genera were 0.27% and 5.41%, respectively; while average distances of FDB were 0.17% within species and 6.17% within genera. In this study, commercial fraud is noticeable, most of the high-priced fish were replaced of low-priced fish with a similar feature. Our study indicated that DNA barcoding is a valid tool for the identification of fish products and that it allows an idea of conservation and monitoring efforts, while confirming the MDB as a reliable tool for fish products.

scholarly journals An Energy-Based Safety Evaluation Index of Blast Vibration

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingsheng Zhao ◽  
Dong Huang ◽  
Maosen Cao ◽  
En-an Chi ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Damage Potential ◽  
Blast Vibration ◽  
Restoring Force ◽  
Safety Criterion ◽  
Plastic Damage ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Blast Vibrations

The combined peak particle velocity (PPV) and frequency safety criterion for blast vibration is widely used in blasting engineering. However, some field investigations are inconsistent with this criterion. On the basis of field investigations, it is found that there are two failure modes of structures subjected to blasting seismic waves, that is, first-excursion failure and cumulative plastic damage failure. Moreover, the nature of structural responses under blast vibrations is a process of energy input, transformation, and dissipation. Therefore, an energy-based dual safety standard is proposed in this work to more comprehensively explain all failure modes of structures under blast vibrations. To this end, structures are simplified into elastic-plastic single degree of freedom (SDOF) systems with bilinear restoring force models, and energy responses of SDOF systems are then determined using theNewmark-βmethod. From the energy responses, the maximum instantaneous input energy and hysteretic energy are selected as the basis of the dual safety criterion, because they can reflect first-excursion failure and cumulative plastic damage failure, respectively. Finally, field investigations in a blasting site in Zunyi, Guizhou province, China, are used to prove that compared to the PPV-frequency criterion the proposed energy-based dual safety criterion is more capable of assessing the damage potential of blast vibrations.

One new genus and species of Typhlocybinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from Southwest China

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4691 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIAO-WEI YUAN ◽  
YUE-HUA SONG
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
A New Species

A new genus, Paraahimia gen. n., and a new species, P. luodianensis sp. n. from Guizhou Province in Southwest China of the subfamily Typhlocybinae are described and illustrated.

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