scholarly journals ENERGY FUNCTION ALGORITHM FOR DETECTION OF OPENINGS IN INDOOR POINT CLOUDS

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W13 ◽  
pp. 747-752
Author(s):  
R. Assi ◽  
T. Landes ◽  
H. Macher ◽  
P. Grussenmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Energy Function ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Building Information Model ◽  
Binary Images ◽  
Manual Intervention ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Modelling Process ◽  
Data Term

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> As the use of building information model (BIM) for architectural heritage becomes more relevant, this paper explores different solutions to further automatize the modelling process. The scan-to-BIM process still requires manual intervention that is time consuming, subject to errors and user-dependent. In this paper, the main focus is the automated segmentation of windows. In the first part of our paper, we will review and compare several state-of-the-art methods for automatic detection and segmentation of openings in a point cloud. Based on the most pertinent aspects of those methods, a new algorithm focusing on indoor point clouds is proposed. After walls are already detected, they are converted in 2D binary images. Holes in those images correspond to openings. We submit each opening to an energy function with two terms: data and coherence. The data term depends on the shape of the opening. The coherence term considers the position of the opening in the scene. Those function let us determine if an opening in the point cloud is due to a window/door or an object obstructing the acquisition. In the third part we discuss the results obtained by applying the method to different datasets.</p>

scholarly journals Comparision of photogrammetric point clouds with BIM building elements for construction progress monitoring

2014 ◽  
Vol XL-3 ◽  
pp. 341-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tuttas ◽  
A. Braun ◽  
A. Borrmann ◽  
U. Stilla
Keyword(s):  
Point Cloud ◽  
Progress Monitoring ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Building Information Model ◽  
Building Information ◽  
City Construction ◽  
Construction Progress Monitoring ◽  
Construction Schedule

For construction progress monitoring a planned state of the construction at a certain time (as-planed) has to be compared to the actual state (as-built). The as-planed state is derived from a building information model (BIM), which contains the geometry of the building and the construction schedule. In this paper we introduce an approach for the generation of an as-built point cloud by photogrammetry. It is regarded that that images on a construction cannot be taken from everywhere it seems to be necessary. Because of this we use a combination of structure from motion process together with control points to create a scaled point cloud in a consistent coordinate system. Subsequently this point cloud is used for an as-built – as-planed comparison. For that voxels of an octree are marked as occupied, free or unknown by raycasting based on the triangulated points and the camera positions. This allows to identify not existing building parts. For the verification of the existence of building parts a second test based on the points in front and behind the as-planed model planes is performed. The proposed procedure is tested based on an inner city construction site under real conditions.

scholarly journals Automated Verification of Building Components Using BIM Models and Point Clouds

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Richard Honti ◽  
Ján Erdélyi ◽  
Gabriela Bariczová ◽  
Tomáš Funtík ◽  
Pavol Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Point Cloud ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Automated Verification ◽  
Building Information Model ◽  
Industry Foundation Classes ◽  
Exchange Format ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Building Components

AbstractOne of the most important parts of construction work is the verification of the geometry of the parts of structures and buildings constructed. Today this procedure is often semi- or fully automated. The paper introduces an approach for the automated verification of parts of buildings, by comparing the design of a building (as-planned model), derived from a Building Information Model (BIM) in an Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) exchange format to a terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) point cloud (as-built model). The approach proposed has three main steps. The process begins with the acquisition of information from the as-planned model in the IFC exchange format; the second step is the automated (wall) plane segmentation from the point cloud. In the last step, the two models mentioned are compared to determine the deviations from the design, and the as-built wall flatness quantification is also executed. The potential of the proposed algorithm is shown in a case-study.

A Reality Integrated BIM for Architectural Heritage Conservation

2019 ◽  
pp. 142-176
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Ivan Apollonio ◽  
Marco Gaiani ◽  
Zheng Sun
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
Double Curvature ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Architectural Treatises

Building Information Modeling (BIM) has attracted wide interest in the field of documentation and conservation of Architectural Heritage (AH). Existing approaches focus on converting laser scanned point clouds to BIM objects, but laser scanning is usually limited to planar elements which are not the typical state of AH where free-form and double-curvature surfaces are common. We propose a method that combines low-cost automatic photogrammetric data acquisition techniques with parametric BIM objects founded on Architectural Treatises and a syntax allowing the transition from the archetype to the type. Point clouds with metric accuracy comparable to that from laser scanning allows accurate as-built model semantically integrated with the ideal model from parametric library. The deviation between as-built model and ideal model is evaluated to determine if feature extraction from point clouds is essential to improve the accuracy of as-built BIM.

scholarly journals An Efficient Pipeline to Obtain 3D Model for HBIM and Structural Analysis Purposes from 3D Point Clouds

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Pepe ◽  
Domenica Costantino ◽  
Alfredo Restuccia Garofalo
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Building Information Modelling ◽  
Information Modelling ◽  
3D Point Clouds ◽  
Building Information

The aim of this work is to identify an efficient pipeline in order to build HBIM (heritage building information modelling) and create digital models to be used in structural analysis. To build accurate 3D models it is first necessary to perform a geomatics survey. This means performing a survey with active or passive sensors and, subsequently, accomplishing adequate post-processing of the data. In this way, it is possible to obtain a 3D point cloud of the structure under investigation. The next step, known as “scan-to-BIM (building information modelling)”, has led to the creation of an appropriate methodology that involved the use of Rhinoceros software and a few tools developed within this environment. Once the 3D model is obtained, the last step is the implementation of the structure in FEM (finite element method) and/or in HBIM software. In this paper, two case studies involving structures belonging to the cultural heritage (CH) environment are analysed: a historical church and a masonry bridge. In particular, for both case studies, the different phases were described involving the construction of the point cloud and, subsequently, the construction of a 3D model. This model is suitable both for structural analysis and for the parameterization of rheological and geometric information of each single element of the structure.

scholarly journals Topology Reconstruction of BIM Wall Objects from Point Cloud Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten Bassier ◽  
Maarten Vergauwen
Keyword(s):  
Point Cloud ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Point Cloud Data ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Current State ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Popular Subject ◽  
Best Fit

The processing of remote sensing measurements to Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a popular subject in current literature. An important step in the process is the enrichment of the geometry with the topology of the wall observations to create a logical model. However, this remains an unsolved task as methods struggle to deal with the noise, incompleteness and the complexity of point cloud data of building scenes. Current methods impose severe abstractions such as Manhattan-world assumptions and single-story procedures to overcome these obstacles, but as a result, a general data processing approach is still missing. In this paper, we propose a method that solves these shortcomings and creates a logical BIM model in an unsupervised manner. More specifically, we propose a connection evaluation framework that takes as input a set of preprocessed point clouds of a building’s wall observations and compute the best fit topology between them. We transcend the current state of the art by processing point clouds of both straight, curved and polyline-based walls. Also, we consider multiple connection types in a novel reasoning framework that decides which operations are best fit to reconstruct the topology of the walls. The geometry and topology produced by our method is directly usable by BIM processes as it is structured conform the IFC data structure. The experimental results conducted on the Stanford 2D-3D-Semantics dataset (2D-3D-S) show that the proposed method is a promising framework to reconstruct complex multi-story wall elements in an unsupervised manner.

scholarly journals HBIM METHODOLOGIES FOR THE ARCHITECTURAL RESTORATION. THE CASE OF THE EX-CHURCH OF SAN QUIRICO ALL’OLIVO IN LUCCA, TUSCANY

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W11 ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bacci ◽  
F. Bertolini ◽  
M. G. Bevilacqua ◽  
G. Caroti ◽  
I. Martínez-Espejo Zaragoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Cloud ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Historic Buildings ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Building Information Modelling ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Architectural Survey ◽  
Architectural Restoration ◽  
Source Of Information

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In the last decade, in the field of conservation of historic buildings, several research projects have shown the potential of applying BIM technology to architectural heritage. However, the use of BIM for historic buildings (HBIM) is still evolving. This paper presents an application of Building Information Modelling targeted to the development of a restauration proposal for the ex-church of San Quirico all’Olivo in Lucca, Tuscany. Following a brief review of the state-of-the-art of BIM applied to architectural heritage, the paper shows the results of a study that included 3D architectural survey with Structure-from-Motion methodology, critical analysis of historical archival and bibliographic sources, analysis of the conservation status of the building, proposal for its conservation and enhancement.</p><p>HBIM methodology has been critically applied to all the phases of the project. This study also explores the possibility of organizing the BIM model into temporal phases, integrating documentation in a structured and easily accessible way. In our study, we also chose to link the 3D point cloud to the model, in order to increase the level of information; the 3D survey, therefore, is both the starting point for modelling, and represents a source of information within the model, to be recalled when required.</p>

scholarly journals IFCWALL RECONSTRUCTION FROM UNSTRUCTURED POINT CLOUDS

2018 ◽  
Vol IV-2 ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bassier ◽  
R. Klein ◽  
B. Van Genechten ◽  
M. Vergauwen
Keyword(s):  
Point Cloud ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Initial Point ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Point Cloud Data ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Wall Geometry

The automated reconstruction of Building Information Modeling (BIM) objects from point cloud data is still ongoing research. A key aspect is the creation of accurate wall geometry as it forms the basis for further reconstruction of objects in a BIM. After segmenting and classifying the initial point cloud, the labelled segments are processed and the wall topology is reconstructed. However, the preocedure is challenging due to noise, occlusions and the complexity of the input data.<br>In this work, a method is presented to automatically reconstruct consistent wall geometry from point clouds. More specifically, the use of room information is proposed to aid the wall topology creation. First, a set of partial walls is constructed based on classified planar primitives. Next, the rooms are identified using the retrieved wall information along with the floors and ceilings. The wall topology is computed by the intersection of the partial walls conditioned on the room information. The final wall geometry is defined by creating IfcWallStandardCase objects conform the IFC4 standard. The result is a set of walls according to the as-built conditions of a building. The experiments prove that the used method is a reliable framework for wall reconstruction from unstructured point cloud data. Also, the implementation of room information reduces the rate of false positives for the wall topology. Given the walls, ceilings and floors, 94% of the rooms is correctly identified. A key advantage of the proposed method is that it deals with complex rooms and is not bound to single storeys.

scholarly journals Experimental Study of Possibilities for Developing a Building Information Model of a Laser-Scanned Physical Object

2021 ◽  
Vol 906 (1) ◽  
pp. 012051
Author(s):  
Danail Nedyalkov
Keyword(s):  
Point Cloud ◽  
Information Model ◽  
Physical Object ◽  
Technical Documentation ◽  
Object Point ◽  
Building Information Model ◽  
The Real ◽  
Sufficient Detail ◽  
Energy Behavior ◽  
Building Information

Abstract The methodological approach when using a scanned physical object to build a building information model (BIM) is based on laser scanning technology and aims to create technical documentation of existing buildings, most often with the status of historically significant sites. The BIM technology can be used as an integral part for the creation of the documentation in the process of construction and of the new sites, as well as their administrative and managerial control in the process of their construction and operation. The essence of the experiment is to model space in a parametric three-dimensional model (BIM) in the ArchiCAD program, using a laser-scanned physical object (point cloud). The cloud obtained from the laser scan contains detailed spatial information, which is used in the basis of creation of a construction information model (BIM) and control during the development of the model. The laser-scanned physical object (point cloud) contains the same geometric information as the construction information model (BIM), but with a much smaller amount of data, the file size is visible - point cloud - 30.41 MB, BIM - 9.83 MB). The advantages of BIM over the point cloud is to give the ability to edit the model, to study the energy behavior of the model, to create construction and technical documentation of the scanned object, as well as to disclose the ability to fill in technical data and parameters based on the map and cadastral basis. By means of the density of the point cloud (parameter of the equipment used - laser scanner) of the scanned object, information is obtained and used with sufficient detail and accuracy about the physical data of the real object and this is the basis for the full and comprehensive content of BIM. Based on the sufficient detail created in the BIM for the physical object, it is possible for its combinability and its actual use in the real environment.

scholarly journals An Investigation into the Possibilities of BIM and GIS Cooperation and Utilization of GIS in the BIM Process

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Tobiáš
Keyword(s):  
Potential Fields ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
3D Gis ◽  
Building Information Modelling ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Engineering Construction ◽  
Building Information Model ◽  
Semantic Models ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Modelling Process

<p>In the coming years we will most probably watch a significant increase of the BIM (building information model) utilization in the AEC (Architecture/Engineering/Construction) sector even in the Czech Republic. Therefore, it would be reasonable to consider possible utilization of the well-established geographic information systems within the building information modelling process. This paper is based on the currently existing literature and is focused on the interrelationship between BIM and GIS. The main goal is to reveal potential fields of cooperation and to find possible utilization of GIS in BIM. To provide a theoretical framework, this article briefly introduces and defines the term of BIM and deals with the most important semantic models in AEC and 3D GIS IFC and CityGML. The paper also contains examples of specific efforts recently dealing with the BIM and GIS collaboration.</p>

A Reality Integrated BIM for Architectural Heritage Conservation

2019 ◽  
pp. 900-934
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Ivan Apollonio ◽  
Marco Gaiani ◽  
Zheng Sun
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
Double Curvature ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Architectural Treatises

Building Information Modeling (BIM) has attracted wide interest in the field of documentation and conservation of Architectural Heritage (AH). Existing approaches focus on converting laser scanned point clouds to BIM objects, but laser scanning is usually limited to planar elements which are not the typical state of AH where free-form and double-curvature surfaces are common. We propose a method that combines low-cost automatic photogrammetric data acquisition techniques with parametric BIM objects founded on Architectural Treatises and a syntax allowing the transition from the archetype to the type. Point clouds with metric accuracy comparable to that from laser scanning allows accurate as-built model semantically integrated with the ideal model from parametric library. The deviation between as-built model and ideal model is evaluated to determine if feature extraction from point clouds is essential to improve the accuracy of as-built BIM.

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