scholarly journals FUSION OF TLS AND UAV PHOTOGRAMMETRY DATA FOR POST-EARTHQUAKE 3D MODELING OF A CULTURAL HERITAGE CHURCH

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-3/W4 ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Chatzistamatis ◽  
P. Kalaitzis ◽  
K. Chaidas ◽  
C. Chatzitheodorou ◽  
E. E. Papadopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Damage Assessment ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Recent Improvement ◽  
Laser Scanners ◽  
Processing Algorithms ◽  
First Moment ◽  
The Church ◽  
Rapid Data Acquisition

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Nowadays, the necessity of heritage documentation is essential for monitoring, maintenance, and understanding needed for conservation. The survey phase has been considerably improved using cutting-edge technologies such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and Terrestrial Laser Scanners (TLS). Both of these technologies have been applied in heritage documentation individually or combined. Heritage documentation in a post-natural disaster is a situation that requires rapid data acquisition on a hazardous field. On 12th of June 2017 an earthquake (Mw&amp;thinsp;=&amp;thinsp;6.3), south of Lesvos island, Greece occurred, which was devastating for the Vrisa village destroying, among many other buildings the main church. The Greek State decided from the first moment to restore the whole village, which was proclaimed as a “traditional settlement” since 2002, in its original place starting from the church and the school due to the symbolic meaning that those have to a local community. For this purpose, a 3D model of the church was requested by the authorities for damage assessment. In this paper TLS and UAV photogrammetry has been used in an integrated design to rapidly facilitate the acquisition of the whole church, eliminating all possible occlusions. The TLS was exploited for the acquisition of the facades while the UAV was used for the acquisition of the roof. The recent improvement of the post-processing algorithms provided the ability to implement the fusion of TLS and UAV models and deliver an accurate 3D model of the whole church the same day that the survey was conducted.</p>

scholarly journals INTEGRATION OF SURVEYING TECHNIQUES TO DETECT THE IDEAL SHAPE OF A DOME: THE CASE OF THE ESCUELAS PÍAS CHURCH IN VALENCIA

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W9 ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
S. Artese ◽  
J. L. Lerma ◽  
J. Aznar Molla ◽  
R. M. Sánchez ◽  
R. Zinno
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Historical Building ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
3D Documentation ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Ideal

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The three-dimensional (3D) documentation and surveying of cultural heritage can be carried out following several geomatics techniques such as laser scanning and thermography in order to detect the original 3D shape after applying reverse engineering solutions. In almost all cases, the integration of data collected by different instruments is needed to achieve a successful and comprehensive 3D model of the as-built architectural shape of the historical building. This paper describes the operations carried out by the authors to determine the as-built 3D model of the Escuelas Pias Church, related namely to the dome and circular nave. After the description of the church and historical notes, attention will be driven to the indirect registration results obtained with three different laser scanning software packages, highlighting similarities and differences, and the consequences while generating meshes. The 3D model carried out will then be described and the results of some investigations with regard to the hypotheses about the design of the dome and the origin of the alterations will be presented.</p>

scholarly journals MODEL BASED VIEWPOINT PLANNING FOR TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING FROM AN ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B5 ◽  
pp. 607-614
Author(s):  
D. Wujanz ◽  
F. Neitzel
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Object Surface ◽  
Basic Algorithm ◽  
Laser Scanners ◽  
Planning Algorithm ◽  
Viewpoint Planning

Despite the enormous popularity of terrestrial laser scanners in the field of Geodesy, economic aspects in the context of data acquisition are mostly considered intuitively. In contrast to established acquisition techniques, such as tacheometry and photogrammetry, optimisation of the acquisition configuration cannot be conducted based on assumed object coordinates, as these would change in dependence to the chosen viewpoint. Instead, a combinatorial viewpoint planning algorithm is proposed that uses a given 3D-model as an input and simulates laser scans based on predefined viewpoints. The method determines a suitably small subset of viewpoints from which the sampled object surface is preferably large. An extension of the basic algorithm is proposed that only considers subsets of viewpoints that can be registered to a common dataset. After exemplification of the method, the expected acquisition time in the field is estimated based on computed viewpoint plans.

scholarly journals REPRESENTATION AND DIGITALIZATION OF STONE THEATRES IN EASTERN SICILY: THE PALAZZOLO ACREIDE THEATER

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W11 ◽  
pp. 475-479
Author(s):  
G. Di Gregorio
Keyword(s):  
Structure From Motion ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Geometric Conditions ◽  
Dense Matching ◽  
Laser Scanners ◽  
First Results ◽  
Quality And Reliability

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The ancient theatres in Sicily, in southern Italy and along the countries facing the Mediterranean Sea basin, constitute a reality of incomparable cultural value. Regarding the research on the ancient theatres of eastern Sicily, few studies have been recently dealt with different methodologies. In the last years some practices have been done using 3D laser scanners for the theatres of Syracuse, Taormina and Morgantina, as well as the Syracuse amphitheatre and Taormina Odeon, just obtaining very interesting results. Lately the theatre of Palazzolo Acreide (Syracuse) has been studied, with Structure From Motion (SFM) and Dense Matching methodologies. From these experience, conclusions could be drawn on the quality and reliability of the elaborations realised with the SFM methodologies. We really know that these systems are today representing one of the fastest growing areas of examination, on which several software houses are investing. The study was chosen both for the small size of the building, and for the particular geometric conditions typical of the architecture of ancient theatres. This because their three-dimensional trend varies continually in the three variables X, Y, Z. The purpose of the work was to check whether the latest releases of these systems of survey allow today more than yesterday, a rapid digitalization and representation of the enormous archaeological cultural heritage. Various software were used, to verify the practicality and operation, the choice then fell on the Zephyr of 3DFlow, kindly available by the manufacturer, whose results were quite agreeable. The possibility offered by the program of a graphical tracing of polylines on the textured 3D model, has been a considerable advantage. Therefore the results obtained by modeling and surveying of the Palazzolo Acreide theatre have been compared, with the survey of the Syracuse, Taormina and Morgantina theatre performed using 3D laser scanners. First results of the research are matter of the following work.</p>

Automated Damage Assessment and Structural Modeling of Bridges with Visual Sensing Technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujie Yan ◽  
Jerome F. Hajjar
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Visual Sensor ◽  
Bridge Inspection ◽  
Visual Sensing ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Laser Scanners

Recent advances in visual sensing technology have gained much attention in the field of bridge inspection and management. Coupled with advanced robotic systems, state-of-the-art visual sensors can be used to obtain accurate documentation of bridges without the need for any special equipment or traffic closure. The captured visual sensor data can be post-processed to gather meaningful information for the bridge structures and hence to support bridge inspection and management. However, state-of-the-practice data postprocessing approaches require substantial manual operations, which can be time-consuming and expensive. The main objective of this study is to develop methods and algorithms to automate the post-processing of the visual sensor data towards the extraction of three main categories of information: 1) object information such as object identity, shapes, and spatial relationships - a novel heuristic-based method is proposed to automate the detection and recognition of main structural elements of steel girder bridges in both terrestrial and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based laser scanning data. Domain knowledge on the geometric and topological constraints of the structural elements is modeled and utilized as heuristics to guide the search as well as to reject erroneous detection results. 2) structural damage information, such as damage locations and quantities - to support the assessment of damage associated with small deformations, an advanced crack assessment method is proposed to enable automated detection and quantification of concrete cracks in critical structural elements based on UAV-based visual sensor data. In terms of damage associated with large deformations, based on the surface normal-based method proposed in Guldur et al. (2014), a new algorithm is developed to enhance the robustness of damage assessment for structural elements with curved surfaces. 3) three-dimensional volumetric models - the object information extracted from the laser scanning data is exploited to create a complete geometric representation for each structural element. In addition, mesh generation algorithms are developed to automatically convert the geometric representations into conformal all-hexahedron finite element meshes, which can be finally assembled to create a finite element model of the entire bridge. To validate the effectiveness of the developed methods and algorithms, several field data collections have been conducted to collect both the visual sensor data and the physical measurements from experimental specimens and in-service bridges. The data were collected using both terrestrial laser scanners combined with images, and laser scanners and cameras mounted to unmanned aerial vehicles.

scholarly journals Trends in missional ecclesiology

2012 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelius J.P. Niemandt
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Kingdom Of God ◽  
Missional Church ◽  
Missional Ecclesiology ◽  
Missional Theology ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
World Mission ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Trinity

Missional ecclesiology emerged as one of the significant trends in mission studies and ecumenical discussion in the last couple of years. What were these trends in missional ecclesiology? What kind of missional theology formed and fuelled the renewed interest in missional ecclesiology? What impact flowed from the important ecumenical events in 2010 (Edinburgh 2010 World Mission Conference, World Communion of Reformed Churches and Lausanne III)? This article explained the term ‘missional church’ and explored missional theology as participating in the life of the Trinity and thus mission as ‘joining in with the Spirit’. It explained the relationship between ecclesiology and missiology. The trends in missional ecclesiology were tracked by focusing on an incarnational approach to the church; relationality in the community of believers; the role of the kingdom of God; discernment as the first act in mission; imago Dei and creativity; the ecclesia and local community and finally mission and ethics.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE VOLUME COMPARATION OF 3’S (TS, GNSS and TLS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 01014
Author(s):  
Khomsin ◽  
Danar Guruh Pratomo ◽  
Ira Mutiara Anjasmara ◽  
Faizzuddin Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Navigation Satellite ◽  
Scanner Data ◽  
Total Station ◽  
Volume Calculation ◽  
Laser Scanners ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

Recently, technological developments in the field of surveys and mapping are growing very rapidly such as total station, navigation satellite (Global Navigation Satellite System), drones and laser scanners. One application of this technology is to measure a stockpile area quickly and accurately. This research will measure two stockpiles (coal warehouses) using total station (TS), GNSS and terrestrial laser scanner (TLS). This research will compare the results of volume calculations with the data generated by 3’S (TS, GNSS and TLS). Research is conducted at Coal Yard PT. Barkalin Surabaya in Benowo District, Surabaya, East City with geographically located at 112°39'11'’ E and 7°07’13‘' S. The first step is to make 3D model of Laser Scanner data by TLS Faro 3D 120 and to do regristrastion and filltering using Faro Scene. After that the data export to be 3D model from Faro Scene format to Recap 2016 (.rcp) to present and get coordinates. The next step is to compare the coordinates from TLS, TS and GNSS RTK. Finally, the accuracy of volume calculation from TS and GNSS RTK can be compared to TLS. The volume differences between TS and TLS data are -7.31 m3 (-0.45%) for the 1st location and -6.89 m3 (-0.24%) for the 2nd location. While the volume differences between GNSS RTK and TLS are -10.34 m3 (-0.63%) and -9.05 m3 (-0.31%) for the 1st location and the 2nd location respectively. Generally, the volume differences between TLS, TS and GNSS RTK are not significant. Therefore, 3’S can be used to measure a volume of stockpile.

Seismic Vulnerability of Ancient Churches: I. Damage Assessment and Emergency Planning

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Lagomarsino ◽  
Stefano Podestà
Keyword(s):  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Seismic Behavior ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Collapse Mechanism ◽  
Damage Level ◽  
Bell Tower ◽  
Collapse Mechanisms ◽  
Damage Grades ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Church

This paper describes a new methodology used to assess seismic damage in the churches of Umbria and the Marches, which is based on 18 indicators, each representative of a possible collapse mechanism for a macroelement. The subdivision of the church into macroelements consists of the identification of architectonic elements in which the seismic behavior is almost independent from the rest of the structure (façade, apse, dome, bell tower, etc.). For each macroelement, by considering its typology and connection to the rest of the church, it is possible to identify the damage modes and the collapse mechanisms. During inspection operations, the surveyors must indicate: (a) the actual macroelements; (b) the damage level; and (c) the vulnerability of the church to that mechanism, related to some specific details of construction. From these data a damage score is defined, which is a number from 0 to 1, obtained as a normalized mean of the damage grades in each mechanism. The analysis of the collected data (more than 1,000 churches in Umbria) allows the definition of the correlation between macroseismic intensity and damage.

scholarly journals APPLICATIONS OF MACRO PHOTOGRAMMETRY IN ARCHAEOLOGY

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B5 ◽  
pp. 263-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Gajski ◽  
A. Solter ◽  
M. Gašparovic
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Level Of Detail ◽  
The Self ◽  
Test Field ◽  
Space Resolution ◽  
Calibration Methods ◽  
Laser Scanners ◽  
High Level ◽  
Sufficient Space

Many valuable archaeological artefacts have the size of a few centimetres or less. The production of relevant documentation of such artefacts is mainly limited to subjective interpretation and manual drawing techniques using a magnifier. Most of the laser scanners available for the archaeological purposes cannot reach sufficient space resolution to gather all relevant features of the artefact, such as the shape, the relief, the texture and any damage present. Digital photogrammetric techniques make measuring with high accuracy possible and such techniques can be used to produce the relevant archaeometric documentation with a high level of detail. The approaches for shooting a good macro photograph (in the photogrammetric sense) will be explored and discussed as well as the design of a calibration test-field and the self-calibration methods suitable for macro photogrammetry. Finally, the method will be tested by producing a photorealistic 3D-model of an ancient figurine.

scholarly journals Repurposing the past

IDEA JOURNAL ◽  
2014 ◽  
pp. 14-27
Author(s):  
Tüüne-Kristin Vaikla
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Small Island ◽  
The Past ◽  
Spatial Environment ◽  
A Site ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Church

A target positioned in the space formerly occupied by the altar gave soldiers the opportunity to establish a shooting range in Paluküla Church, while the church’s thick limestone walls created a secure depository for a gas company’s storage rooms (or was it the other way around?). After the Second World War, the pragmatic reuse of church buildings in Estonia, such as this one, brought these kinds of surprising change in function.The spatial environment of the church’s surroundings itself bears information concerning various different strata of the location’s history. This visual essay presents a site-specific exhibition project that addressed this metamorphosis of space through the housing of new functions and an aim to find new methods for designers/architects in the repurposing process.The abandoned Paluküla Church on the small island of Hiiumaa in Estonia, used by military forces during the Soviet regime, became a laboratory – a test site – to experiment with a repurposing of the past through heightening spatial emotions to invoke different values. The project, titled Housewarming, took place from July to August in 2013 and created the momentary impression that there was life once again in the church. The exhibition was a chance for local community and others to experience, perceive and confront the transformation of the church while thinking about issues to do with repurposing buildings as a process that inevitably increases or decreases cultural values.

scholarly journals Socialising Church Space

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Thaddeus Young
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Potential Interaction ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Exterior Space ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Church ◽  
Church Buildings

<p>For hundreds of years the Christian Church stood as the pillar of occidental cities, structuring society and the urban fabric. At the time of European colonisation, the impact of the Church on New Zealand society was less significant than it had been centuries before. Social priorities were slowly shifting away from religious fanaticism, as such; the church did not influence the urban environment to the same level. Church buildings became increasingly isolated from their urban setting, with less impact on their surrounding environment. In addition, New Zealand urban development was expanding, creating the need for vehicular transport. For the majority of Christians, driving to church continues to be commonplace. What little exterior space churches have is typically used as car parking. This space surrounding many church buildings is functional and utilitarian, resulting in an uninviting exterior with no pedestrian interactivity. This has limited the potential interaction between the church and local community. To fully understand the New Zealand model, ten churches were identified and analysed in Wellington. Information and evidence were gathered on how to address the lack of inviting exterior church space. A comparative analysis model was used to identify sites with particular potential for improved design. Engagement with the respective church communities was then necessary to establish a deeper understanding of each site and the needs of the community. Comparative analysis and community engagement methods produced a set of criteria for designing in each space. By following the same process for each church space, the resulting designs propose spaces which allow opportunities for both members of the church and the general public to interact. Designs specifically focus on creating vibrant spaces with less emphasis on the architectural qualities and utilitarian programmes of church space. They are also multipurpose and flexible, taking into account weekly engagement and potential future development.</p>

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