scholarly journals AN HISTORICALLY-INFORMED APPROACH TO THE CONSERVATION OF VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE: THE CASE OF THE PHLEGREAN FARMHOUSES

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIV-M-1-2020 ◽  
pp. 153-158
Author(s):  
E. Fiore ◽  
S. Iaccarino
Keyword(s):  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Suburban Area ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Modern City ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The City

Abstract. Landscape is always the object of countless mutations: some of them disrupt its identifying features; others leave intact its original traits. Vernacular architecture is linked closely to the vocation of its landscapes, especially agricultural ones: this is the case of Pianura, a neighbourhood in the Phlegrean western suburban area of Naples, where the remains of vernacular architecture and its connections to agriculture are still traceable among the unstoppable process of building speculation which, since the 1960s, has torn up the rural fabric. In this uncontrolled development of the modern city, the architectural heritage of the farmhouse has shown its resilience: although parts of it appear to have been completely engulfed by the uncontrolled expansion of the city, in as many cases farmhouses have endured time, degradation, and indifference towards their historical value. In the heart of the neighbourhood, the masseria, with all its recurring features, remains the most widespread housing model, despite more recent interventions. Through the study of the history and architectural features of Masseria S. Lorenzo, this contribution aims to identify possible guidelines and strategies for the conservation of the material and immaterial values of these examples of vernacular architecture, putting them on a restoration and re-functionalisation path that is mindful of their past heritage and future potential.

scholarly journals Modern Houses in a Folk Architectural Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-398
Author(s):  
Ágota Lídia Ispán
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
Difference Of Opinion ◽  
Protection Area ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Landscape Protection

From the 1960s, the hip-roofed, cube house became the dominant type of dwelling throughout Hungary. Architects and ethnologists raised objections to the resulting “alien” appearance of settlements, and eventually even the authorities attempted to slow down the spread of these dwellings, with little success. In the Őrség region, with its characteristic folk architecture, the transformation was already visible by the 1970s, despite the region having some of the worst socioeconomic conditions in the country. Before the establishment of the Őrség Landscape Protection Area in 1978, the debates between the proponents of socialist modernization and those wishing to promote nature and the conservation of folk heritage were becoming increasingly heated. One such conflict was based on the difference of opinion between those wishing to preserve the architectural heritage, and the demands of local inhabitants for the modernization of their housing. In the present paper, in relation to the Őrség region, and to a lesser extent Vendvidék (Porabje), I examine how the building stock was transformed, what means were used to try to prevent the spread of the modern cube houses, what plans were put in place to preserve the traditional architectural features of the region, and with what kind of new functions attempts were made to solve the utilization of old buildings.

scholarly journals THE CITY AS AN URBANISTIC ENVIRONMENT IN THE LANDSCAPES OF N.D. GRITSIUK

2020 ◽  
pp. 208-217
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav N. Chimitov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Industrial Environment ◽  
Modern City ◽  
Total Displacement ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The City

The article explores the urban landscape developed by a Novosibirsk artist N.D. Gritsiuk (1922–1976). The methodological tool we use is the typology of the urban landscape of the 1960s–1970s developed by researchers G.K. Cerlinca and L.I. Nekhvyadovich: the city as a historical and cultural unit; the city as a monument of architecture; the city as a sphere of human life; the city as an urbanistically industrial environment. The main part of the article analyses three thematic areas of Gritsiuk's urban landscape which include different interpretations. 1. Through analyzing the imagery, style, and semantics of the watercolors Homes Are Being Built (1960) and Novosibirsk. Kamensky Houses (1960) from the series Novosibirsk, it is established that Gritsiuk treats the city as a space in which there occur intense urbanization and industrial processes aimed both at improving the lives of townspeople and at the total displacement of the established provincial way of life (the city as an urbanistically industrial environment). 2. In the work A Moscow Tune (1966) there is a distinct harmonious interaction between gloomy, monolithic buildings and festive Kremlin based on the contrasts generated using color, texture, and collage. Thus in the landscape of a modern city, the ancient architecture and the standard modern buildings are not contrasted by the artist, but rather harmoniously interact (the city as a historical and cultural unit). 3. Gritsiuk creates a decorative, expressive urban landscape in Blue City (1962) which captures the active lives of townspeople (the city as a sphere of human life). Formal techniques acquire self-contained, meaningful value; exacerbate the decorative conventionality of the composition; and give it a distinctive, emotional, psychological quality. Dark, cold colors of the composition, cramped movement of cars and crowds, a jumble of buildings – all this underscores the dynamics of the rapid processes in the modern city. The man in this cold alienated urban environment is presented as a lonely ghostly being forced to dissolve into a meaningless chaotic movement of the big city. The article expresses the view that in Gritsiuk’s development of the image of the modern city, there are two nominal stages: 1) the romantic interpretation of the city (the late 1950s – early 1960s), conditioned on the trends in the postwar official Soviet painting; 2) the dramatic tones in the image of the city (the 1960s), revealing the downside of the industrial and urbanization processes focused on the unwitting destruction of nature and the displacement of well-established traditional way of life in the provinces. Changes in Gritsiuk’s imagery are due not only to the evolution of his artistic style, but also to external factors: political and social change in the Soviet society, new artistic trends, a general tendency towards isolation and self-absorbtion, and non-conformism.

scholarly journals Adaptive Reuse and Interventions of Chinese Architectural Heritage in the City of Lasem, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Timoticin Kwanda
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Adaptive Reuse ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Chinese Architecture ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
Historic Areas ◽  
Tourism Attractions ◽  
The City

In Indonesia, Lasem identities as a China Town are constructed and developed over time, and Chinese architectural heritage is one of the main qualities and identity of the city. Recently, these unique Chinese architectural heritages have been transformed for tourism needs. This paper aims to document the transformation of functions or adaptive reuse, and its impact to forms and meanings of the Chinese architectural heritage of the city, and focuses on whether the interventions occurred was by the principles of architectural conservation. In April 2019, the study surveyed and documented five Chinese historic buildings in Karangturi area in Lasem to understand how the architectural heritage has transformed. The result shows that tourism has a direct influence on changes in the building functions in Lasem, such as the Oei House and Little China that have changed from residences to homestays to accommodate the needs of tourists lodgings. The other two buildings, namely House of Nyah Giok and Nyah Lasem museum have also changed their functions from residences to a batik home industry and a museum related to tourism attractions. Interventions on the four buildings with sensitive uses are following the principle of minimum intervention that preserved the original main buildings and changed only in the wings buildings, and new buildings for lodgings were infilled in vacant land of the site for the Oei House case. For one building, however, tourism has no direct influence on changes in the building functions, it has changed from a residence to an Islamic boarding school for the development of Islamic education that had nothing to do with preserving Chinese culture. Indirectly, the building remains a tourist destination because of its unique Chinese architectural features.  Findings shows that for the four Chinese owners, the meaning or significance for the adaptation of the building is preserving historic values of the Chinese architecture, and economic values as well by developing commercial spaces and historic areas for tourist attractions.

scholarly journals ARCHITECTURAL PATRIMONY IN THE GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF THE VOISIN PLAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Velasquez
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Le Corbusier ◽  
The Other ◽  
Direct Relation ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Modern City ◽  
Real Model ◽  
The City ◽  
New Buildings

The “Plan Voisin” for Paris dated 1925, is one of the most notorious urban projects by Le Corbusier. In it he implements his first real model of the modern city: “The city of Three Million Inhabitants”, drawn for the Autumn Exhibit on 1922. Both projects have a close and direct relation. While one proposes a theoretical model, the other develops how to implement it in the center of Paris. Therefore, both projects can be understood as the same approach but in two different moments. In Le Corbusier’s books, the graphical representation of the projects reflect this, although the documents tend to contradict it. In his “Œuvre complète”, for example, the number of images differs for each case. While the project “The city of three million Inhabitants” is represented by a generous amount of drawings and plans (around 20 images), the “Plan Voisin” adds up to a maximum of five specific images. In the book “Urbanisme” the proportion is of images is similar. This This is a cause of scarce comprehension of the plan for Paris. The article focuses on the graphical documentation in “Plan Voisin”, its difference with the theoretical model and an analysis of its implementation. Principally, the article studies the relation between the new buildings with with those that remains, revealing Le Corbusier’s criteria towards architectural heritage and the importance he gives to some urban complexes in Paris.

scholarly journals PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF EARTHEN ARCHITECTURE RESPONSE TO FLOODS: THE CASE OF ALZIRA (SPAIN)

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIV-M-1-2020 ◽  
pp. 713-717
Author(s):  
F. Trizio ◽  
C. Mileto ◽  
F. J. Torrijo Echarri ◽  
M. Lidón de Miguel
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Rammed Earth ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Good Practices ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historic Centre ◽  
Earthen Architecture ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The City

Abstract. Alzira, the capital of the Ribera del Júcar, has historically played a prominent role within the Comunitat Valenciana. The first settlement of the city dates back to the Moorish domination, and after the Reconquista, together with Xativa, Alcoi and Elx, it became one of the main cities of the ancient Reino de Valencia. Its architectural heritage is a witness of this remarkable past, including the glorious example of the Moorish wall, built almost entirely using the technique of rammed earth. Throughout history, the Moorish wall and the entire architectural heritage of Alzira have suffered extensive damage due to multiple factors, including neglect, wars and numerous floods. Throughout history, floods have had a significant impact on the architectural and cultural heritage of the city, as chronicled at the time, given that until the 1960s, the historic centre was surrounded by the two branches of the river Júcar. This study aims to analyse the response of earthen architecture to flooding, assessing its resilience and vulnerability through the analysis of the case of the city of Alzira and, in particular, of its historic centre. The research will therefore investigate the adaptation of earthen architecture and traditional techniques to floods. The recognition of these good practices used in the past and the establishment of a level of risk will be crucial to developing measures for the prevention and mitigation of the effects of floods, such as structural reinforcements and protective devices.

Problems of Analysis of Design and Research Methods of Interaction with the Urban Environment

2020 ◽  
pp. 99-110
Author(s):  
П. В. Капустин ◽  
А. И. Гаврилов
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Studies ◽  
Environmental Movement ◽  
The Past ◽  
Types Of Knowledge ◽  
Historical Dynamics ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The City ◽  
Research And Design

Состояние проблемы. Проблематика городской среды заявила о себе в 1960-е годы как протест против модернистских методов урбанизма и других видов проектирования. Средовое движение не случайно тогда именовали «антипрофессиональным» - оно было направлено против устоявшихся и недейственных методов работы с городом - от исследования до управления. За прошедшие десятилетия в рамках самого средового движения и его идейных наследников наработано немало методов и приемов работы, однако они до сих не подвергались анализу как пребывающая в исторической динамике целостная совокупность инструментария, альтернативного традиционному градостроительству. Результаты. Рассмотрены особенности и проблемы анализа методологического «арсенала» средового движения и урбанистики. Методы работы с городской средой впервые структурированы по типам знания. Показана близость методов исследовательского и проектного подходов в отношении городской среды. Выводы. В ближайшее время можно ожидать появления новых синтетических знаний и частных методологий, связанных как с обострением средовой проблематики, с расширением круга средовых акторов, так и с процессом профессионализации урбанистики. Statement of the problem. The urban environment paradigm emerged in the 1960s as a protest against the modernist methods of urbanism and other types of design. It was no coincidence that the environmental movement was back then called "anti-professional" as it was directed against the established and ineffective methods of working with the city, i. e., from research to management. Over the past decades, within the framework of the environmental movement and its ideological heirs, a lot of methods and have been developed. However, they have not yet been analyzed as an integral set of tools in the historical dynamics which is an alternative to traditional urban planning. Results. The features and problems of the analysis of the methodological “arsenal” of environmental movement and urban studies are considered. The methods of working with the urban environment are first structured according to the types of knowledge. The proximity of research and design approaches in the case when the urban environment is dealt with is shown. Conclusions. In the nearest future, we can expect new synthetic knowledge and particular methodologies related to both the exacerbation of environmental problems to emerge as well as the expansion of the circle of environmental actors and the process of professionalization of urbanstics.

Conclusion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aled Davies
Keyword(s):  
International Monetary System ◽  
The State ◽  
Real Economy ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
City Of London ◽  
The City

The aim of this book has been to evaluate the relationship between Britain’s financial sector, based in the City of London, and the social democratic economic strategy of post-war Britain. The central argument presented in the book was that changes to the City during the 1960s and 1970s undermined a number of the key post-war social democratic techniques designed to sustain and develop a modern industrial economy. Financial institutionalization weakened the state’s ability to influence investment, and the labour movement was unable successfully to integrate the institutionalized funds within a renewed social democratic economic agenda. The post-war settlement in banking came under strain in the 1960s as new banking and credit institutions developed that the state struggled to manage. This was exacerbated by the decision to introduce competition among the clearing banks in 1971, which further weakened the state’s capacity to control the provision and allocation of credit to the real economy. The resurrection of an unregulated global capital market, centred on London, overwhelmed the capacity of the state to pursue domestic-focused macroeconomic policies—a problem worsened by the concurrent collapse of the Bretton Woods international monetary system. Against this background, the fundamental social democratic assumption that national prosperity could be achieved only through industry-led growth and modernization was undermined by an effective campaign to reconceptualize Britain as a fundamentally financial and commercial nation with the City of London at its heart....

Planning and maintenance of urban architectural environmental color—A case study of xingning traditional block in nanning city

2021 ◽  
pp. 002072092098467
Author(s):  
Lu Zhang ◽  
Zhenghong Peng
Keyword(s):  
Vital Role ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Unique Color ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
City District ◽  
Urban Planning And Development ◽  
Systematic Planning ◽  
The Times ◽  
The City

As the most historically and culturally valuable city district in Nanning, Xingning Block has gradually formed its own unique color characteristics and architectural style in the slow process of urban historical development, showing the unique local customs and architectural features. However, restricted by the specific development conditions, many undesirable aspects can be found in the overall architectural landscape color of some nodes on the block, such as lack of systematic planning, poor material matching, messy building color, as well as various challenges of contemporary social development to the architectural environmental color on the block.The architectural environmental color of urban traditional blocks is an important part of the specific history, culture and spirit of the times of a city, which plays a vital role in the development and change of the city. Therefore, how to effectively and reasonably do a good job in sustainable urban planning and development is an issue that must attract the attention of competent authorities at all levels, scientific research institutions and planning practitioners.

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