scholarly journals The 2007 flood in the Sahel: causes, characteristics and its presentation in the media and FEWS NET

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Samimi ◽  
A. H. Fink ◽  
H. Paeth
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Volta Basin ◽  
The Media ◽  
Ground Truthing ◽  
Upper Volta ◽  
Flooded Areas ◽  
Interpretation Of Satellite Images

Abstract. During the rainy season in 2007, reports about exceptional rains and floodings in the Sahel were published in the media, especially in August and September. Institutions and organizations like the World Food Programme (WFP) and FEWS NET put the events on the agenda and released alerts and requested help. The partly controversial picture was that most of the Sahel faced a crisis caused by widespread floodings. Our study shows that the rainy season in 2007 was exceptional with regard to rainfall amount and return periods. In many areas the event had a return period between 1 and 50 yr with high spatial heterogeneity, with the exception of the Upper Volta basin, which yielded return periods of up to 1200 yr. Despite the strong rainfall, the interpretation of satellite images show that the floods were mainly confined to lakes and river beds. However, the study also proves the difficulties in assessing the meteorological processes and the demarcation of flooded areas in satellite images without ground truthing. These facts and the somewhat vague and controversial reports in the media and FEWS NET demonstrate that it is crucial to thoroughly analyze such events at a regional and local scale involving the local population.

scholarly journals Modeling the Propagation of Flood Waves at the Mouth of the Comoé River in Grand-Bassam (South East of Côte d’Ivoire)

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Kouakou Hervé Kouassi ◽  
Zilé Alex Kouadio ◽  
Yao Alexis N’go ◽  
Berenger Koffi ◽  
Gla Blaise Ouédé
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
High Water ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Maximum Frequency ◽  
Topographic Data ◽  
Flooded Areas ◽  
Flood Waves

This study was carried out in order to determine the areas at risk of flooding during high water periods at the mouth of the Comoé River in Grand-Bassam. The database is essentially made up of hydro-climatic data, satellite images and topographic data. According to the various criteria, the Weibull law was selected to estimate the maximum frequency flows. According to this law, the flows at the return periods of 2, 10, 50 and 100 years are respectively 634, 733, 781 and 797 m3 / s. The modeling results showed that the areas exposed to the risk of flooding are located near the Ouladine lagoon and the Ebrié lagoon at the mouth of the Comoé river. The extent of the floodplains varies with flooded areas of the order of 85.63 km²; 89.42 km²; 101.67 km²; 107.10 km² for the return periods of 2; 10; 50 and 100 years old.

Utilisation of wild growing yams as supplementary nutrition and its impact on the dry forest ecosystem in north-western Madagascar

2004 ◽  
Vol 155 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 80-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Ackermann
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Dry Forests ◽  
Supplementary Food ◽  
Wild Yams ◽  
Supplementary Nutrition ◽  
North Western

Wild growing yams (Dioscorea spp.) are an important supplementary food in Madagascar, especially during periods of rice shortage in the rainy season. Yams grow in dry forests and there is a particularly high occurrence of yam tubers in recently burned, open secondary forest formations. The study found that the uncontrolled harvest of yams can contribute to the degradation of dry forests due to the high quantity of wild yams harvested by the local population and the widespread practice of intentionally burning forests to increase yams production.

TEMPERATURA DE SUPERFÍCIE E A RELAÇÃO COM O ÍNDICE DE VEGETAÇÃO POR DIFERENÇA NORMALIZADA (NDVI) NA MICROBACIA DO RIO DA BATATEIRAS, CRATO-CE

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 1310-1320
Author(s):  
Cícera Celiane Januário da Silva ◽  
Vinicius Ferreira Luna ◽  
Joyce Ferreira Gomes ◽  
Juliana Maria Oliveira Silva
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Difference Map

O objetivo do presente trabalho é fazer uma comparação entre a temperatura de superfície e o Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada (NDVI) na microbacia do rio da Batateiras/Crato-CE em dois períodos do ano de 2017, um chuvoso (abril) e um seco (setembro) como também analisar o mapa de diferença de temperatura nesses dois referidos períodos. Foram utilizadas imagens de satélite LANDSAT 8 (banda 10) para mensuração de temperatura e a banda 4 e 5 para geração do NDVI. As análises demonstram que no mês de abril a temperatura da superfície variou aproximadamente entre 23.2ºC e 31.06ºC, enquanto no mês correspondente a setembro, os valores variaram de 25°C e 40.5°C, sendo que as maiores temperaturas foram encontradas em locais com baixa densidade de vegetação, de acordo com a carta de NDVI desses dois meses. A maior diferença de temperatura desses dois meses foi de 14.2°C indicando que ocorre um aumento da temperatura proporcionado pelo período que corresponde a um dos mais secos da região, diferentemente de abril que está no período de chuvas e tem uma maior umidade, presença de vegetação e corpos d’água que amenizam a temperatura.Palavras-chave: Sensoriamento Remoto; Vegetação; Microbacia.                                                                                  ABSTRACTThe objective of the present work is to compare the surface temperature and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in the Batateiras / Crato-CE river basin in two periods of 2017, one rainy (April) and one (September) and to analyze the temperature difference map in these two periods. LANDSAT 8 (band 10) satellite images were used for temperature measurement and band 4 and 5 for NDVI generation. The analyzes show that in April the surface temperature varied approximately between 23.2ºC and 31.06ºC, while in the month corresponding to September, the values ranged from 25ºC and 40.5ºC, and the highest temperatures were found in locations with low density of vegetation, according to the NDVI letter of these two months. The highest difference in temperature for these two months was 14.2 ° C, indicating that there is an increase in temperature provided by the period that corresponds to one of the driest in the region, unlike April that is in the rainy season and has a higher humidity, presence of vegetation and water bodies that soften the temperature.Key-words: Remote sensing; Vegetation; Microbasin.RESUMENEl objetivo del presente trabajo es hacer una comparación entre la temperatura de la superficie y el Índice de Vegetación de Diferencia Normalizada (NDVI) en la cuenca Batateiras / Crato-CE en dos períodos de 2017, uno lluvioso (abril) y uno (Septiembre), así como analizar el mapa de diferencia de temperatura en estos dos períodos. Las imágenes de satélite LANDSAT 8 (banda 10) se utilizaron para la medición de temperatura y las bandas 4 y 5 para la generación de NDVI. Los análisis muestran que en abril la temperatura de la superficie varió aproximadamente entre 23.2ºC y 31.06ºC, mientras que en el mes correspondiente a septiembre, los valores oscilaron entre 25 ° C y 40.5 ° C, y las temperaturas más altas se encontraron en lugares con baja densidad de vegetación, según el gráfico NDVI de estos dos meses. La mayor diferencia de temperatura de estos dos meses fue de 14.2 ° C, lo que indica que hay un aumento en la temperatura proporcionada por el período que corresponde a uno de los más secos de la región, a diferencia de abril que está en la temporada de lluvias y tiene una mayor humedad, presencia de vegetación y cuerpos de agua que suavizan la temperatura.Palabras clave: Detección remota; vegetación; Cuenca.

scholarly journals Land-Use/Land-Cover Change and Anthropogenic Causes Around Koupa Matapit Gallery Forest, West-Cameroon

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Caroline Solefack Momo ◽  
Andre Ledoux Njouonkou ◽  
Lucie Felicite Temgoua ◽  
Romuald Djouda Zangmene ◽  
Junior Baudoin Wouokoue Taffo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Land Cover Change ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Significant Implication ◽  
Gallery Forest

This study assesses land cover change of the Koupa Matapit forest gallery, West Cameroon, in relation to anthropogenic factors. Ethnobotanical surveys were conducted to investigate the relationships between the local population and the gallery forest; the spatio-temporal dynamics of the landscapes around the gallery forest were studied from the diachronic analysis of three Landsat TM satellite images of 1984, Landsat ETM + 1999 and Landsat OLI_TIRS of 2016, supplemented by verification missions on field. The satellite images were processed using ArcGIS and Erdas Imagine software. According to surveys, it should be noted that agriculture and livestock are the main economic activities of the population of Koupa Matapit, agriculture and fuel wood collection for energy were the main anthropogenic activities responsible for deforestation and degradation of the forest gallery. The collection of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) would have a significant implication in land use and cover changes. The results indicate that the extension of savannah/agricultural land (from 6989 ha in 1984 to 7604 ha in 2016) and bare soil/built up area (from 71 ha in 1984 to 342 ha in 2016) would have led to the disappearance of much of the forest area (1465 ha in 1984 to 580 ha in 2016). The rapid population growth of Koupa Matapit would be responsible for these pressures. There is an urgent need to implement appropriate land use policy in this area.

scholarly journals Functional foods: Latin American perspectives

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (S2) ◽  
pp. S145-S150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco M. Lajolo
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Post Marketing Surveillance ◽  
Post Marketing ◽  
The Media ◽  
Local Traditions

The perspectives of Latin America as a potential producer and consumer of functional foods will depend largely on the level of information and income of the population, credibility of the products, research investments and regulatory practices. The characteristics of Latin America are diverse at the regional and sub-regional levels. However, as part of the demographic and epidemiological transition currently underway, common trends can be identified such as increasing urbanization and life expectancy, the occurrence of obesity and malnutrition, increasing incidences of chronic diseases and causes of mortality rates, all of which suggests the importance of diet and functional foods in public health policies. The Latin American population in general has no knowledge of functional foods, but in the more urbanized areas there is an increasingly health-conscious consumer, aware of the importance of food for health, due to the media and local traditions. More investment in research is important to explore the existing plant biodiversity that is a rich source of new foods and bioactive compounds, some of which are already used for health improvement and wellbeing. Clinical validation of functional foods should consider functional food science concepts and also the diverse cultural and genetic background of the local population. In Latin American scientific and regulatory communities, the functional foods concept has been associated with foods having health benefits beyond those of basic nutrition but is not defined officially in the emerging regulatory codes. Regulation existing in some countries is focused on safety and efficacy; both functional and health claims are allowed (risk reduction) provided they have scientific validation. This allowed introduction on the market of several products with health claims, some of them submitted to post-marketing surveillance.

Performance of small reservoir irrigated schemes in the Upper Volta basin: Case studies in Burkina Faso and Ghana

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 50-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Christophe Poussin ◽  
Lorraine Renaudin ◽  
Desmond Adogoba ◽  
Abdramane Sanon ◽  
Fowe Tazen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Small Reservoir ◽  
Volta Basin ◽  
Upper Volta

scholarly journals Pengaruh Media Massa Terhadap Tahap Perkembangan Psikologi Agama Pada Manusia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Hari Harsananda ◽  
Ida Bagus Subrahmaniam Saitya
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Religious Behavior ◽  
The Public ◽  
Advanced Phase ◽  
Adult Phase ◽  
The Media

The presence of mass media in the current era of globalization is nothing special, various kinds of media appear, grow and develop like mushrooms in the rainy season, especially with the internet that allows connections between individuals in this world. The media enter into people's lives and have an influence on one's beliefs, this is in line with the opinion of Jhon Vivian who said that mass media is a facility that carries messages to the public. A person's religious behavior arises because of an internal urge, which then gets an influence from the environment. In subsequent developments, religious behavior is much influenced by factors of religious experience, personality, psychological elements and others. Human life experiences several phases in the level of development of the religious soul in itself, including the children's phase, the adolescent phase, the adult phase, and the advanced phase. Each phase has its own characteristics and uniqueness. One of the formers of religious character in these phases is the mass media. Mass media in the present era is not only a complement but also a part of life. This media has both positive and negative influences on humans.

scholarly journals Land Cover Dynamics (from 1986 to 2015) and its Relation with Area Closure and Slope in Hita-Borkena Watershed, Northeastern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemayehu Assefa Ayele ◽  
Assefa Abegaz Yimer ◽  
Simphiwe E. Mini
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Landscape Restoration ◽  
Land Cover Dynamics ◽  
Erdas Imagine ◽  
Arc Gis ◽  
Land Cover Maps ◽  
Interpretation Of Satellite Images

Abstract Background: Land cover dynamics take place as a result of the integration of both physical and man-made factors. This situation is common in Ethiopia and in the study watershed as well. The study was intended to assess the land cover dynamics through 1986 – 2015 and to identify its relation with slope and landscape restoration that incorporates area closure. The analysis was made based on the interpretation of satellite images. Methods: Both ERDAS IMAGINE 9.1 and ARC GIS 10.3 software were employed in order to generate land cover maps of the study area from satellite images. Also, slope map of the study area was processed from DEM of Ethiopia. Results: The study found out that forestlands and shrublands shrunk through 1986 – 2015, grasslands expanded mainly due to the implementation of landscape restoration including area closure since 2001. Cropland expanded remarkably. Similarly, the coverage of bareland and settlement also increased. Conclusions: Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that similar restoration activities shall be implemented in similar environments in Ethiopia to keep the natural resources, and the vegetation cover of Hita-Borkena watershed shall be improved.

scholarly journals Characterization of the 2014 Indus River Flood Using Hydraulic Simulations and Satellite Images

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2053
Author(s):  
Aqil Tariq ◽  
Hong Shu ◽  
Alban Kuriqi ◽  
Saima Siddiqui ◽  
Alexandre S. Gagnon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Flood Frequency ◽  
Spatial Extent ◽  
Flood Frequency Analysis ◽  
Army Corps ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Indus River ◽  
Study Region

Rivers play an essential role to humans and ecosystems, but they also burst their banks during floods, often causing extensive damage to crop, property, and loss of lives. This paper characterizes the 2014 flood of the Indus River in Pakistan using the US Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Centre River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) model, integrated into a geographic information system (GIS) and satellite images from Landsat-8. The model is used to estimate the spatial extent of the flood and assess the damage that it caused by examining changes to the different land-use/land-cover (LULC) types of the river basin. Extreme flows for different return periods were estimated using a flood frequency analysis using a log-Pearson III distribution, which the Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) test identified as the best distribution to characterize the flow regime of the Indus River at Taunsa Barrage. The output of the flood frequency analysis was then incorporated into the HEC-RAS model to determine the spatial extent of the 2014 flood, with the accuracy of this modelling approach assessed using images from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The results show that a supervised classification of the Landsat images was able to identify the LULC types of the study region with a high degree of accuracy, and that the most affected LULC was crop/agricultural land, of which 50% was affected by the 2014 flood. Finally, the hydraulic simulation of extent of the 2014 flood was found to visually compare very well with the MODIS image, and the surface area of floods of different return periods was calculated. This paper provides further evidence of the benefit of using a hydrological model and satellite images for flood mapping and for flood damage assessment to inform the development of risk mitigation strategies.

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