scholarly journals Glider-Based Observations of CO<sub>2</sub> in the Labrador Sea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolai von Oppeln-Bronikowski ◽  
Brad de Young ◽  
Dariia Atamanchuk ◽  
Douglas Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Labrador Sea ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Robust Methods ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Rigorous Testing ◽  
Stable Performance ◽  
Short Time

Abstract. Ocean gliders can provide high spatial and temporal resolution data and target specific ocean regions at a low cost compared to ship-based measurements. An important gap, however, given the need for carbon measurements, is the lack of capable sensors capable for glider-based CO2 measurements. We need to develop robust methods to evaluate novel CO2 sensors for gliders. Here we present results from testing the performance of a novel CO2 optode sensor (Atamanchuk et al., 2014), deployed on a Slocum glider, in the Labrador Sea and on the Newfoundland Shelf. We demonstrate our concept of validating data from this novel sensor during a long glider deployment using a secondary autonomous observing platform – the SeaCycler. Comparing data between different sensors and observing platforms can improve data quality and identify problems such as sensor drift. SeaCycler carried an extensively tested gas analyzer: the Pro-Oceanus's CO2-Pro CV, as part of its instrument float. The CO2-Pro CV has shown stable performance during lengthy observations (e.g. Jiang et al., 2014), but has a slow response time for continuous profiling, and its power consumption is not affordable for glider operations. This CO2 optode is an early prototype sensor that has not undergone rigorous testing on a glider, but is compact and uses little power. This paper summarizes the test results for this sensor on a Slocum glider. We capture the performance of the sensor, and for the Labrador Sea mission, comparing the glider data against the SeaCycler's measurements to compute an in-situ correction for the optode. We use the referenced data set to investigate trends in spatial and temporal variability captured by the glider data, pointing to short time and distances scales as drivers of change in this region.

scholarly journals In-Situ and Laboratory Investigation on Leaching and Effects of Early Curing of Shotcrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-37
Author(s):  
Andreas Sjölander ◽  
Anders Ansell
Keyword(s):  
Water Pressure ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Water Penetration ◽  
Sprayed Concrete ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
One Year ◽  
Rock Tunnel ◽  
Short Time

Abstract During the construction of a rock tunnel in Stockholm, several sections with leaching shotcrete (sprayed concrete) were found one year after the spraying was completed. An investigation was therefore conducted, and its results are presented in this paper. The amount of leaching after such a short time indicated that a one-sided water pressure existed in combination with a permeable shotcrete. The reason for the water pressure was likely a partly unsuccessful grouting that created sections with leaking water. The permeable shotcrete could be a combined result of insufficient curing and the use of accelerators, and the effect of in-situ curing was therefore investigated. A total of six slabs were sprayed and cured under different conditions in the tunnel. Test results according to standards indicated that curing has no significant effect on the development of mechanical strength or water penetration through the shotcrete. However, this is believed to be a result of the test method rather than the non-existing effect of curing. Lastly, some modifications to the test standard were proposed for future studies of in-situ curing.

scholarly journals Digital non-metric image-based documentation for the preservation and restoration of mural paintings: the case of the Üzümlü Rock-hewn Church, Turkey

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Ryo Higuchi ◽  
Tamaki Suzuki ◽  
Mina Shibata ◽  
Yoko Taniguchi ◽  
Murat Gülyaz
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Mural Paintings ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Digital Documentation ◽  
Preservation And Restoration ◽  
Short Time

<p class="VARKeywords">Digital photography is a valuable documentation technique for the preservation of a cultural heritage site because highresolution photography presents both general and detailed views of mural paintings and mural condition in a single image. Advanced digital technology is particularly helpful for preserving and restoring mural paintings given that the painting condition is recorded on high-resolution base maps shows how mural paintings are damaged by environmental stresses, mechanical damages and inappropriate treatments, among others. In addition, photogrammetric software technology is rapidly advancing and being applied to the digital documentation of mural paintings or rock art. Nevertheless, human experience and investigation of mural paintings is indispensable for recording the condition of mural paintings, and this highlights that every step of documentation conducted in situ is desirable. However, images by photogrammetric software do not show sufficient resolution because most normal portable computers used on-site are not usually sufficient. Based on our experience at the Üzümlü Church in Cappadocia, Turkey, we propose a new approach to document mural conditions in situ for preservation and restoration. Our method is based on a comparison of a non-metric but approximate high-resolution image with the actual mural paintings. The method does not require special instruments and enables digital documentation of the mural condition in situ at a low cost, in a short time frame and using minimal human resources.</p>

In-situ measurement of ammonium and nitrate in the activated sludge process

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Rieger ◽  
H. Siegrist ◽  
S. Winkler ◽  
E. Saracevic ◽  
R. Votava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Continuous Measurement ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Plant Test ◽  
Reference Measurements ◽  
Composite Samples

A new in-situ probe is presented for the continuous measurement of ammonium and nitrate in wastewater. It requires no sample preparation and is installed directly in the process liquid. This new low-cost probe significantly reduces investment and operating costs and requires minimum maintenance. The paper describes the sensor principle and test results from three different probe locations: the primary clarifier effluent, the activated sludge tank and the nitrifying biofilter influent. Reference measurements were carried out by means of conventional analyzers with ultrafiltration, an in-situ UV spectrometer for the nitrate and laboratory analysis of spot and 2h-composite samples. The aim of the study was to investigate the operational reliability and accuracy of the new probe and the expenditure required for its maintenance and calibration. The tests showed that the new probe performed very well overall and required minimum maintenance. Some problems were observed during the biofilter plant test. They are assumed to be related to substantial changes in the wastewater composition.

scholarly journals Digital non-metric image-based documentation for the preservation and restoration of mural paintings: the case of the Üzümlü Rock-hewn Church, Turkey

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Higuchi ◽  
Tamaki Suzuki ◽  
Mina Shibata ◽  
Yoko Taniguchi ◽  
Murat Gülyaz
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Mural Paintings ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Digital Documentation ◽  
Preservation And Restoration ◽  
Short Time

<p class="VARKeywords">Digital photography is a valuable documentation technique for the preservation of a cultural heritage site because highresolution photography presents both general and detailed views of mural paintings and mural condition in a single image. Advanced digital technology is particularly helpful for preserving and restoring mural paintings given that the painting condition is recorded on high-resolution base maps shows how mural paintings are damaged by environmental stresses, mechanical damages and inappropriate treatments, among others. In addition, photogrammetric software technology is rapidly advancing and being applied to the digital documentation of mural paintings or rock art. Nevertheless, human experience and investigation of mural paintings is indispensable for recording the condition of mural paintings, and this highlights that every step of documentation conducted in situ is desirable. However, images by photogrammetric software do not show sufficient resolution because most normal portable computers used on-site are not usually sufficient. Based on our experience at the Üzümlü Church in Cappadocia, Turkey, we propose a new approach to document mural conditions in situ for preservation and restoration. Our method is based on a comparison of a non-metric but approximate high-resolution image with the actual mural paintings. The method does not require special instruments and enables digital documentation of the mural condition in situ at a low cost, in a short time frame and using minimal human resources.</p>

Geophysical validation of two years of Sentinel-5p tropical tropospheric ozone columns

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daan Hubert ◽  
Tijl Verhoelst ◽  
Steven Compernolle ◽  
Arno Keppens ◽  
José Granville ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Convective Cloud ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Clear Sky ◽  
Ozone Data ◽  
Sky Conditions ◽  
Ozone Column

&lt;p&gt;Tropospheric ozone damages ecosystems and causes human health problems. The high spatial and temporal variability of ozone concentrations in the troposphere challenges global observing systems to monitor ozone at all relevant scales. TROPOMI is a nadir-viewing UV-Vis-NIR-SWIR sensor that combines a high spatial resolution, a large swath width and the spectral measurement characteristics required to deliver trace gas data records at unprecedented detail. The first tropospheric data product was publicly released in Fall 2018, a year after launch on the Sentinel-5p platform (S5p). It is based on the convective-cloud differential technique (CCD) to infer 0.5&amp;#176;x1&amp;#176; resolved daily maps of 3-day moving mean values of the tropospheric ozone column (surface to 270 hPa) between 20&amp;#176;S and 20&amp;#176;N in clear-sky conditions. This makes it the highest resolved tropospheric ozone data set currently available for the tropical belt. About two years of data have been collected since the end of the commissioning phase in April 2018.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We present an assessment of the quality of the Sentinel-5p TROPOMI convective-cloud differential tropospheric ozone column data products (O3_TCL OFFL v01.01.05-01.01.07), carried out within the context of ESA&amp;#8217;s Sentinel-5p Mission Performance Center (MPC) and the S5PVT AO project CHEOPS-5p. Our assessment of the first two years of TROPOMI data is based on comparisons with (a) quality-assured co-located in-situ measurements by the SHADOZ ozonesonde network, and, (b) satellite data by the GOME-2 and OMI sensors. These well-characterized observational data records serve as references to evaluate the bias and the dispersion of S5p data, and their dependence on influence quantities. Additional visual inspections of the S5p tropospheric ozone maps unveiled non-geophysical structures introduced by the sampling pattern of sensor and clouds. We conclude by assessing the compliance of S5p tropospheric ozone data with respect to mission and user requirements for key data applications.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Glider-based observations of CO<sub>2</sub> in the Labrador Sea

Ocean Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Nicolai von Oppeln-Bronikowski ◽  
Brad de Young ◽  
Dariia Atamanchuk ◽  
Douglas Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Response Times ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Data Uncertainty ◽  
Labrador Sea ◽  
Mobile Platforms ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
Rigorous Testing ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Variability ◽  
In Situ Sensor

Abstract. Ocean gliders can provide high-spatial- and temporal-resolution data and target specific ocean regions at a low cost compared to ship-based measurements. An important gap, however, given the need for carbon measurements, is the lack of capable sensors for glider-based CO2 measurements. We need to develop robust methods to evaluate novel CO2 sensors for gliders. Here we present results from testing the performance of a novel CO2 optode sensor (Atamanchuk et al., 2014), deployed on a Slocum glider, in the Labrador Sea and on the Newfoundland Shelf. This paper (1) investigates the performance of the CO2 optode on two glider deployments, (2) demonstrates the utility of using the autonomous SeaCycler profiler mooring (Send et al., 2013; Atamanchuk et al., 2020) to improve in situ sensor data, and (3) presents data from moored and mobile platforms to resolve fine scales of temporal and spatial variability of O2 and pCO2 in the Labrador Sea. The Aanderaa CO2 optode is an early prototype sensor that has not undergone rigorous testing on a glider but is compact and uses little power. Our analysis shows that the sensor suffers from instability and slow response times (τ95>100 s), affected by different behavior when profiling through small (<3 ∘C) vs. large (>10 ∘C) changes in temperature over similar time intervals. We compare the glider and SeaCycler O2 and CO2 observations and estimate the glider data uncertainty as ± 6.14 and ± 44.01 µatm, respectively. From the Labrador Sea mission, we point to short timescales (<7 d) and distance (<15 km) scales as important drivers of change in this region.

Low-Cost Hardware Implementation of Human Blood Identification Device Using Feed-Forward Artificial Neural Network on FPGA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizki Eka Putri ◽  
Denny Darlis
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Feed Forward ◽  
Testing Facility ◽  
System Input ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Short Time

This article was under review for ICELTICS 2018 -- In the medical world there is still service dissatisfaction caused by lack of blood type testing facility. If the number of tested blood arise, a lot of problems will occur so that electronic devices are needed to determine the blood type accurately and in short time. In this research we implemented an Artificial Neural Network on Xilinx Spartan 3S1000 Field Programable Gate Array using XSA-3S Board to identify the blood type. This research uses blood sample image as system input. VHSIC Hardware Discription Language is the language to describe the algorithm. The algorithm used is feed-forward propagation of backpropagation neural network. There are 3 layers used in design, they are input, hidden1, and output. At hidden1layer has two neurons. In this study the accuracy of detection obtained are 92%, 92%, 92%, 90% and 86% for 32x32, 48x48, 64x64, 80x80, and 96x96 pixel blood image resolution, respectively.

To Eliminate Curtain Effect of FIB TEM Samples by a Combination of Sample Dicing and Backside Milling

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Shing Luo ◽  
Hsiu Ting Lee
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Sample Preparation Method ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Dual Beam ◽  
Transmission Electron

Abstract Several methods are used to invert samples 180 deg in a dual beam focused ion beam (FIB) system for backside milling by a specific in-situ lift out system or stages. However, most of those methods occupied too much time on FIB systems or requires a specific in-situ lift out system. This paper provides a novel transmission electron microscopy (TEM) sample preparation method to eliminate the curtain effect completely by a combination of backside milling and sample dicing with low cost and less FIB time. The procedures of the TEM pre-thinned sample preparation method using a combination of sample dicing and backside milling are described step by step. From the analysis results, the method has applied successfully to eliminate the curtain effect of dual beam FIB TEM samples for both random and site specific addresses.

Robust Test Method of TSOP PEMs for Space Application

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasunobu Iwai ◽  
Koichi Shinozaki ◽  
Daiki Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reliability Evaluation ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Thermal Shock Test ◽  
Space Application ◽  
Space Applications ◽  
Limit Test ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Short Time

Abstract Compared with space parts, consumer parts are highly functional, low cost, compact and lightweight. Therefore, their increased usage in space applications is expected. Prior testing and evaluation on space applicability are necessary because consumer parts do not have quality guarantees for space application [1]. However, in the conventional reliability evaluation method, the test takes a long time, and the problem is that the robustness of the target sample can’t be evaluated in a short time. In this report, we apply to the latest TSOP PEM (Thin Small Outline Package Plastic Encapsulated Microcircuit) an evaluation method that combines preconditioning and HALT (Highly Accelerated Limit Test), which is a test method that causes failures in a short time under very severe environmental conditions. We show that this method can evaluate the robustness of TSOP PEMs including solder connections in a short time. In addition, the validity of this evaluation method for TSOP PEM is shown by comparing with the evaluation results of thermal shock test and life test, which are conventional reliability evaluation methods.

Feasibility study of technology-enabled prevention intervention for children and families (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikki Theofanopoulou ◽  
Katherine Isbister ◽  
Julian Edbrooke-Childs ◽  
Petr Slovák
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Object A ◽  
Intervention Delivery ◽  
Parents And Children

BACKGROUND A common challenge within psychiatry and prevention science more broadly is the lack of effective, engaging, and scale-able mechanisms to deliver psycho-social interventions for children, especially beyond in-person therapeutic or school-based contexts. Although digital technology has the potential to address these issues, existing research on technology-enabled interventions for families remains limited. OBJECTIVE The aim of this pilot study was to examine the feasibility of in-situ deployments of a low-cost, bespoke prototype, which has been designed to support children’s in-the-moment emotion regulation efforts. This prototype instantiates a novel intervention model that aims to address the existing limitations by delivering the intervention through an interactive object (a ‘smart toy’) sent home with the child, without any prior training necessary for either the child or their carer. This pilot study examined (i) engagement and acceptability of the device in the homes during 1 week deployments; and (ii) qualitative indicators of emotion regulation effects, as reported by parents and children. METHODS In this qualitative study, ten families (altogether 11 children aged 6-10 years) were recruited from three under-privileged communities in the UK. The RA visited participants in their homes to give children the ‘smart toy’ and conduct a semi-structured interview with at least one parent from each family. Children were given the prototype, a discovery book, and a simple digital camera to keep at home for 7-8 days, after which we interviewed each child and their parent about their experience. Thematic analysis guided the identification and organisation of common themes and patterns across the dataset. In addition, the prototypes automatically logged every interaction with the toy throughout the week-long deployments. RESULTS Across all 10 families, parents and children reported that the ‘smart toy’ was incorporated into children’s emotion regulation practices and engaged with naturally in moments children wanted to relax or calm down. Data suggests that children interacted with the toy throughout the duration of the deployment, found the experience enjoyable, and all requested to keep the toy longer. Child emotional connection to the toy—caring for its ‘well-being’—appears to have driven this strong engagement. Parents reported satisfaction with and acceptability of the toy. CONCLUSIONS This is the first known study investigation of the use of object-enabled intervention delivery to support emotion regulation in-situ. The strong engagement and qualitative indications of effects are promising – children were able to use the prototype without any training and incorporated it into their emotion regulation practices during daily challenges. Future work is needed to extend this indicative data with efficacy studies examining the psychological efficacy of the proposed intervention. More broadly, our findings suggest the potential of a technology-enabled shift in how prevention interventions are designed and delivered: empowering children and parents through ‘child-led, situated interventions’, where participants learn through actionable support directly within family life, as opposed to didactic in-person workshops and a subsequent skills application.

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