scholarly journals Evaluating management-induced soil salinization in golf courses in semi-arid landscapes

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Young ◽  
T. K. Udeigwe ◽  
D. C. Weindorf ◽  
T. Kandakji ◽  
P. Gautam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract. Site-specific information on land management practices are often desired to make better assertions of their environmental impacts. A study was conducted in Lubbock, TX, in the Southern High Plains of the United States, an area characterized by semi-arid climatic conditions, to (1) examine the potential management-induced alteration in soil salinity indicators in golf course facilities and (2) develop predictive relationships for a more rapid soil salinity examination within these urban landscape soils using findings from portable x-ray fluorescence (PXRF) spectrometer. Soil samples were collected from the managed (well irrigated) and non-managed (non irrigated) areas of seven golf course facilities at 0–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm depths, and analyzed for a suite of chemical properties. Among the extractable cations, sodium (Na) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the managed zones of all the golf facilities. Soil electrical conductivity (EC), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), parameters often used in characterizing soil salinity and sodicity, were in most part significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the managed areas. Water quality report collected over a 22-year period (1991–2013, all years not available) indicated a gradual increase in pH, EC, SAR, total alkalinity, and extractable ions, thus, supporting the former findings. Findings from the PXRF suggested possible differences in chemical species and sources that contribute to salinity between the managed and non-managed zones. PXRF quantified Cl and S, and to a lesser extent Ca, individually and collectively explained 23–85% of the variability associated with soil salinity at these facilities.

scholarly journals Evaluating management-induced soil salinization in golf courses in semi-arid landscapes

Solid Earth ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Young ◽  
T. K. Udeigwe ◽  
D. C. Weindorf ◽  
T. Kandakji ◽  
P. Gautam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract. Site-specific information on land management practices are often desired to make better assessments of their environmental impacts. A study was conducted in Lubbock, Texas, in the Southern High Plains of the United States, an area characterized by semi-arid climatic conditions, to (1) examine the potential management-induced alterations in soil salinity indicators in golf course facilities and (2) develop predictive relationships for a more rapid soil salinity examination within these urban landscape soils using findings from a portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) spectrometer. Soil samples were collected from managed (well irrigated) and non-managed (non-irrigated) areas of seven golf course facilities at 0–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm depths and analyzed for a suite of chemical properties. Among the extractable cations, sodium (Na) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the managed zones of all the golf facilities. Soil electrical conductivity (EC), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), parameters often used in characterizing soil salinity and sodicity, were for the most part significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the managed areas. Water quality reports collected over a 22-year period (1991–2013, all years not available) indicated a gradual increase in pH, EC, SAR, total alkalinity, and extractable ions, thus supporting the former findings. Findings from the PXRF suggested possible differences in chemical species and sources that contribute to salinity between the managed and non-managed zones. PXRF-quantified Cl and S, and to a lesser extent Ca, individually and collectively explained 23–85% of the variability associated with soil salinity at these facilities.

scholarly journals Elemental quantification, chemistry, and source apportionment in golf course facilities in a semi-arid urban landscape using a portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer

Solid Earth ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. Udeigwe ◽  
J. Young ◽  
T. Kandakji ◽  
D. C. Weindorf ◽  
M. A. Mahmoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The United States ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Anthropogenic Influences ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract. This study extends the application of the portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) spectrometry to the examination of elements in semi-arid urban landscapes of the Southern High Plains (SHP) of the United States, focusing on golf courses. The complex environmental challenges of this region and the unique management practices at golf course facilities could lead to differences in concentration and in the chemistry of elements between managed (irrigated) and non-managed (non-irrigated) portions of these facilities. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm from managed and non-managed areas of seven different facilities in the city of Lubbock, Texas, and analyzed for a suite of soil properties. Total elemental quantification was conducted using a PXRF spectrometer. Findings mostly indicated no significant differences in the concentration of examined elements between the managed and non-managed areas of the facilities. However, strong positive relationships (R = 0.82−0.91, p < 0.001) were observed among elements (e.g., Fe on the one hand and Cr, Mn, Ni, and As on the other; Cu and Zn; As and Cr) and between these elements and soil constituents or properties such as clay, calcium carbonate, organic matter, and pH. The strengths of these relationships were mostly higher in the non-managed areas, suggesting a possible alteration in the chemistry of these elements by anthropogenic influences in the managed areas. Principal component and correlation analyses within the managed areas suggested that As, Cr, Fe, Mn, and Ni could be of lithogenic origin, while Cu, Pb, and Zn could have anthropogenic influences. Only one possible, likely lithogenic, source of the elements was identified within the non-managed areas. As evidenced by the study, the PXRF spectrometer can be a valuable tool for elemental quantification and rapid investigation of elemental interaction and source apportionment in semi-arid climates.

scholarly journals Elemental quantification, chemistry, and source apportionment in golf course facilities in semi-arid urban landscape using portable x-ray fluorescence spectrometer

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. Udeigwe ◽  
J. Young ◽  
T. Kandakji ◽  
D. C. Weindorf ◽  
M. A. Mahmoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The United States ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Anthropogenic Influences ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract. This study extends the application of the portable x-ray fluorescence (PXRF) spectrometry to examination of elements in semi-arid urban landscapes of the Southern High Plains (SHP) of the United States (US), focusing on golf courses. The complex environmental challenges of this region and the unique management practices at golf course facilities could lead to differences in concentration and chemistry of elements between managed (irrigated) and non-managed (non-irrigated) portions of these facilities. Soil samples were collected at the depths of 0–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm from managed and non-managed areas of seven different facilities in the city of Lubbock, Texas, and analyzed for a suite of soil properties. Total elemental quantification was conducted using PXRF. Findings mostly indicated no significant differences in concentration of examined elements between the managed and non-managed areas of the facilities. However, strong positive relationships (R2 = 0.82–0.91, p < 0.001) were observed among elements (e.g. Fe and each of Cr, Mn, Ni, and As; Cu and Zn; As and Cr) and between these elements and soil constituents or properties such as clay, calcium carbonate, organic matter, and pH. The strengths of these relationships were mostly higher in the non-managed areas, suggesting possible alteration in the chemistry of these elements by anthropogenic influences. Principal component analyses (PCA) and correlation analyses within the managed areas suggested that As, Cr, Fe, Mn, and Ni could be of lithogenic origin, while Cu, Pb, and Zn were attributed to anthropogenic influences. Only one possible source of element, likely lithogenic, was identified within non-managed areas. As evidenced from the study, the PXRF can be a valuable tool for elemental quantification, and rapid investigation of elemental interaction and source apportionment in semi-arid climates.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Some Rhodes Grass (Chloris gayana) Genotypes for Their Salt Tolerance, Biomass Yield and Nutrient Composition

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashenafi Worku Daba ◽  
Asad Sarwar Qureshi ◽  
Bethel Nekir Nisaren
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
The Other ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Chloris Gayana ◽  
The Impact

The livestock productivity in Ethiopia is seriously constrained by the shortage of fodder due to increasing soil salinization. Therefore, restoration of salt-affected lands into productive soils through salt-tolerant forages and improved irrigation and crop management practices is crucial for enhancing the productivity of the livestock sector in Ethiopia. In this three-year study, pot trials were conducted to evaluate the impact of five different soil salinity levels (i.e., 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 dS m−1) on plant growth, biomass production, and nutrient quality attributes of three Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) genotypes (ILRI-6633, ILRI-7384, CV-massaba). Increasing soil salinity negatively affected germination percentage (GP) and mean germination time (MGT) of all genotypes. For all salinity levels, the highest GP was observed for ILRI-6633 and the lowest for CV-massaba. Plant height and chlorophyll content for ILRI-6633 was higher than the other two genotypes. The crude protein (CP) content was higher in low dry matter-producing genotype (ILRI-7384). The performance of ILRI-6633 at all salinity levels was superior to the other two genotypes. CV-massaba genotype performed better under low to medium soil salinity conditions. Therefore, ILRI-6633 and CV-massaba genotypes have excellent potential to increase forage production in salt-affected areas of Ethiopia.

Potential of halophytes in managing soil salinity and mitigating climate change for environmental sustainability

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Kathirvel Suganya ◽  
Ramesh Poornima ◽  
Paul Sebastian Selvaraj ◽  
E Parameswari - ◽  
P Kalaiselvi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Land Utilization

Soil salinization is one of the foremost factors affecting global agricultural productivity. More than half billion hectares of agricultural land are unutilized due to excess saline condition. Hence, there is a great urge in exploring scientific interventions in restoring the saline affected areas and promote high productive and effective land utilization in order to respond to today's global concerns of food security. While a sound drainage system is required as a permanent solution to the soil salinity problem in order to regulate the water table, this option cannot be used in larger area with high energy and cost-intensity.Phytoremediation, a plant – based approach is one of the promising technology in enhanced dissolution of Ca levels along with sodium removal through cultivating suitable halophytes.During the process, the proliferation of roots, aggregate stability, hydraulic conductivity and nutrient availability increases. These improvement in soil quality enables the growth of less tolerant crops, enhances the overall ecosystem and climatic conditions by increasing carbon sequestration. In this perspective, the chapter focuses on halophytes, its kinds, the effects of salinity on soil physical, chemical, biological health, the influence of halophytes in stress management and on the function of halophytes in carbon sequestration.

scholarly journals The effect of global warming on soil salinity in arid regions

2013 ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
Ye. I. Pankova ◽  
M. V. Konyushkova
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Desert Soils ◽  
Hydromorphic Soils ◽  
Other Hand

The comparison of modern climatic conditions and soil salinity in subboreal deserts of Middle Asia (Turanian plain) and Central Asia (Gobi deserts) shows that climate has an effect on salinity of hydromorphic soils. From the other hand, the distribution and degree of salinity of automorphic desert soils are predominantly governed by the distribution of salt-bearing rocks inherited from the previous geologic stages and are not related directly to the modern aridity. This fact allows us to state that the global warming will not promote salinization of automorphic soils of arid regions, except for the soils subjected to aeolian salinization. Climate aridification will provoke soil salinization in hydromorphic conditions.

scholarly journals Mapping Spatial Management Zones of Salt-Affected Soils in Arid Region: A Case Study in the East of the Nile Delta, Egypt

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2510
Author(s):  
Samah M. S. Abdelaal ◽  
Karam F. Moussa ◽  
Ahmed H. Ibrahim ◽  
Elsayed Said Mohamed ◽  
Dmitry E. Kucher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nile Delta ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Management Zones ◽  
Spatial Management ◽  
Sodium Percent ◽  
Salt Affected Soils

Soil salinization is a global problem that affects a large part of the world, especially arid and semi-arid regions. Hence, diagnosing soil salinity is the first step towards appropriate management. The current work aims to assess and map soil salinity in the eastern Nile Delta using principal component analysis (PCA). In order to develop appropriate solutions for rational management to mitigate the impacts of soil salinization and increase yield production 34 soil profiles were dug that covered the variation in the soils located at the northeast of the Nile delta. The spatial variation of soil parameters was mapped using ordinary kriging interpolation. The results of PCA illustrated that, among the studied soil properties, soil electrical conductivity (ECe), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), exchangeable sodium percent (ESP), and bulk density (BD), are the critical factors affecting management practices in the Nile Delta. Two spatial management zones (SMZ) were identified; SMZ 1 occupied 45.04% of the study area and SMZ2 occupied 54.96% of the study area. The average of soil pH, ECe, SAR, CEC, ESP and BD were 8.31, 20.32 dSm−1, 47.19, 32.9 cmolckg−1, 32.85% and 1.47 Mgm−3 for the first cluster (SMZ1), respectively. In addition, the second cluster (SMZ2) had average soil pH, ECe, SAR, CEC, ESP and BD of 7.75, 12.30 dSm−1, 26.6, 25.23 cmolckg−1, 26.6% and 1.27 Mgm−3. The results showed p-value < 0.05 which confirms that there is a significant statistical difference between the two zones. Finally, the results obtained could be used as a fundamental basis for improving agricultural management practices in such salt-affected soils.

scholarly journals Characterization of Intercrop Movement of Lygus hesperus between Cotton and Alfalfa

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
Ram B. Shrestha ◽  
Megha Parajulee
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Movement Behavior ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Lygus Hesperus ◽  
Texas High Plains ◽  
Mark Release Recapture ◽  
Polyphagous Insect

Lygus hesperus Knight (Miridae: Hemiptera), a key pest of cotton in the United States, is a highly polyphagous insect. Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. var. hirsutum) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) are two major field crop hosts of Lygus hesperus in the Texas High Plains. While alfalfa is considered a source of Lygus in cotton, Lygus intercrop movement behavior has not been fully characterized in cotton-alfalfa systems. Understanding the intercrop movement behavior of Lygus may facilitate better decision-making for Lygus management in these crops. A series of studies including a mark-release-recapture study and season-long field monitoring of Lygus were conducted in the Texas High Plains, USA. Season-long field marking and monitoring of Lygus intercrop movement revealed bidirectional Lygus movement and confirmed that Lygus preferred alfalfa over cotton. Net movement of Lygus between cotton and alfalfa was influenced by cotton phenology. A “two-crop/two-marker” field-marking and monitoring approach was successfully applied in characterizing Lygus seasonal intercrop movement. This approach can be used to study the effect of various crop management practices on Lygus intercrop movement and is applicable to other pests and cropping systems.

scholarly journals Short-Term Effects of Tillage Intensity and Fertilization on Sunflower Yield, Achene Quality, and Soil Physicochemical Properties under Semi-Arid Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 5482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Nouraein ◽  
Goran Skataric ◽  
Velibor Spalevic ◽  
Branislav Dudic ◽  
Michal Gregus
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Semi Arid

Inappropriate soil management practices and specific climatic conditions in semi-arid region cause loss of soil organic matter (SOM), decline soil fertility, and trigger soil erosion processes and desertification. A two-year field study was carried out to investigate the effects of tillage intensity and fertilizer regime treatments on the productivity of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) and soil physicochemical properties in the semi-arid highland region in northwest Iran (37°31′ north (N), 46°53′ east (E)). Five fertilizer treatments were included under conventional (CT) or reduced tillage systems (RT): F1, no fertilizer application; F2, 20 t∙ha−1 farmyard manure (FYM); F3, 40 t∙ha−1 FYM; F4: 20 t∙ha−1 FYM + 50% of the recommended dose of nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium (NPK) chemical fertilizer; F5: full dose of the recommended chemical NPK fertilizer. Results showed that utilization of FYM decreased bulk density (BD); its effects were more evident under the highest SOM content for the F2 and F3 treatments, whereas application of mineral fertilizer had no significant effect upon SOM content, and elevated levels of FYM preserved higher organic carbon contents in topsoil. The highest N, P, and K contents of the soil were obtained with FYM plus inorganic fertilizer application in the RT system. Hydraulic conductivity and soil moisture content were significantly improved by RT and FYM application. The highest root growth was observed for F3 and F4 under the RT system. The effect of fertilizer and tillage treatments was more pronounced during the second year. Traits related to growth and seed quality such as achene oil content, leaf area, and harvest index were enhanced by chemical fertilization in the CT system. The highest achene yield and oil percentage were recorded for plants grown with F3 and F4. The best option for enhancing sunflower productivity and quality in semi-arid, high-altitude environments is the application of organic fertilizers amended with reduced amounts of chemical fertilizers.

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