The Effect of the 5-week-period Korea Military Academy Basic Military Training Program on Body Composition and Physical Fitness

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 643-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Won Lee ◽  
Ji Hoon Kim ◽  
Jun Bae Mun
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Military Academy

The Effects of Exercise During a 10-Week Basic Military Training Program on the Physical Fitness and the Body Composition of the Greek Naval Cadets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonios Vantarakis ◽  
Nikolaos Vezos ◽  
Konstantinos Karakatsanis ◽  
Gerasimos Grivas ◽  
Theodosia Oikonomou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
The Body ◽  
Conditioning Circuit

ABSTRACT Introduction The period of basic military training (BMT) is a sudden change in the individual habits of the trainees and is characterized by significant improvements in body composition such as the percentage of body fat (%BF) and lean body mass (BM). Research has shown that physical activity during the period of BMT lasting 7–10 weeks has positive effects on the physical condition and BM of cadets. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of training combining cardiovascular conditioning, circuit strength training, swimming, team sports, and obstacle course on physical fitness and body composition during a 10-week BMT period over 4 years in the Hellenic Naval Academy (HNA). Materials and Methods The sample consisted of 185 Greek cadets of the HNA (age: 18.4 ± 0.7 years, height: 1.77 ± 6.7 m, BM: 72.6 ± 9.1 kg), of which 153 was male (age: 18.3 ± 0.6 years, height: 1.79 ± 5.8 cm, BM: 75.3 ± 7.6 kg) and 32 was female (age: 18.6 ± 0.9 years, height: 1.68 ± 2.8 cm, BM: 59.9 ± 3.1 kg). The cadets participated each year for 4 years in the BMT, performing 94 training sessions, five times a week. The weekly training program included cardiovascular conditioning, circuit strength training, swimming, team sports, and obstacle course. The measurements of the participants before and after BMT were on BM, %BF, and body mass index (BMI); on the number of sit-ups (SU1), push-ups (PU1), and pull-ups (PullU1) in 1 minute; and on the 12-minute aerobic Cooper test (12-min run). Results The results of the study showed that the BM of the cadets decreased significantly by 2.5%, (t184 = 17.591, P < .01), in men by 2.7% (t152 = 16.243, P < .01) and in women by 2.2% (t31 = 9.280, P < .01). Body mass index (BMI) decreased significantly by 2.6% (t184 = 17.681, P < .01), in men by 3.0% (t152 = 16.046, P < .01) and in women by 2.3% (t31 = 9.224, P < 0.01). Reduction in %BF in all cadets reached 11.3% (t184 = 8.134, P < .01), for men −14.8% (t152 = 8.918, P < .01) and women −2.1% (t31 = 0.860, P > .05) without significant differences between the measurements. The number of push-ups in 1 minute (PU1) significantly increased by 27.6% (t184 = −27.813, P < .01), in women by +35.6% (t31 = 13,864, P < .01). The number of sit-ups in 1 minute (SU1) significantly increased by 27.3% (t184 = −30.501, P < .01), for men +28.8% (t152 = −29.862, P < .01). The number of pull-ups in 1 minute (PullU1) reached 20.8% (t184 = −13.426, P < .01) in total, at similar levels in men (t152 = −13.918, p < .01) and women (t31 = −2.820, P < .01). On the 12-min run, the significant improvement exceeded 10.8% (t184 = −45.289, P < .01), in men by 11.1% (t152 = −45.222, P < .01) while in women by 9.0% (t31 = 15.709, P < .01). Conclusions The results of this study showed that 10 weeks of BMT, which combined cardiovascular conditioning, circuit strength training, swimming, team sports, and obstacle course improved the body composition, cardiorespiratory endurance, and the strength of the Greek HNA cadets.

Efecto de un programa de ejercicio físico sobre la condición física y la grasa visceral en personas con obesidad (Effect of a physical exercise program on physical fitness and visceral fat in people with obesity)

Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 723-730
Author(s):  
Ricardo Manuel Simón Mora ◽  
Antonio Jesús Sánchez Oliver ◽  
Walter Suárez Carmona ◽  
José Antonio González Jurado
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Concurrent Training ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Visceral Fat Area

 Introducción. La obesidad se puede definir como un desequilibrio entre la ingesta de calorías y el gasto de energía con resultado del aumento de peso. Actualmente se acepta que la obesidad es uno de los principales problemas sociales y de salud en todo el mundo y su prevalencia aumenta continuamente. La grasa visceral se considera un factor patogénico en la obesidad. Objetivo. Fue evaluar el efecto del entrenamiento concurrente sobre la condición física, la composición corporal y el área de grasa visceral en personas con obesidad. Métodos. 30 personas con obesidad participaron en este estudio. Realizaron un programa de entrenamiento concurrente adaptado y controlado durante ocho semanas. Se realizaron test de condición física (resistencia muscular, aptitud cardiorrespiratoria y flexibilidad) y de la composición corporal antes y después del período de intervención. Resultados. Se observó mejoría en variables de condición física relacionadas con la fuerza muscular, tanto en las extremidades superiores (brazo derecho p =.001 y brazo izquierdo p =.002) como en las inferiores (p = .001). También aumentó significativamente la velocidad de la marcha (p =.001) y la agilidad (p =.001). Todas las variables de composición corporal mejoraron significativamente. Mientras que la masa grasa, el peso, el IMC y el área de grasa visceral disminuyeron considerablemente (p < .001). La masa magra y masa muscular aumentaron significativamente (p =.001). Conclusión. El programa de entrenamiento concurrente mejora significativamente la composición corporal en personas obesas, que están relacionadas con los niveles de fuerza muscular mejorada y conduce a una disminución significativa de la grasa visceral.  Abstract. Background. Obesity can be defined as an imbalance between calorie intake and energy expenditure as a result weight gain. Currently is accepted that obesity is one of the major social and health problems worldwide and its prevalence is continuously increasing. Visceral fat is considered as a pathogenic factor in obesity. Objective. The main was to evaluate the effect of concurrent training on physical fitness in people with obesity, body composition and visceral fat area. Methods. 30 obese people participated in this study. They conducted an adapted and controlled concurrent training program during eight weeks. Physical fitness tests (muscular resistance, cardiorespiratory fitness, flexibility) and body composition measure were applied before and after the intervention period. Results. Improvement was observed on physical fitness variables. Muscle strength, both in the lower extremities (p = .001) and upper extremities (right arm p = .001 and left arm p = .002). Also, the walking speed (p = .001) and agility (p = .001) increased significantly. All body composition variables improved significantly. While fat mass, body weight, BMI and visceral fat area decreased considerably (p <.001), fat free mass and muscle mass increased significantly (p = .001). Conclusion. Concurrent training program improves significantly body composition in obese people, which are related with levels muscular strength enhanced, and conduces significant decrease in visceral fat.

scholarly journals The Alteration of Young Boxers’ Athletic and Special Physical Fitness during the First Year of their Physical Training

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (67) ◽  
Author(s):  
Algirdas Čepulėnas ◽  
Vitalijus Subačius ◽  
Vidas Bružas ◽  
Pranas Mockus
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Athletic Training ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
The Body ◽  
Initial Training ◽  
One Year

The goal of this study was to analyze the alteration of young boxers’ athletic and special physical fitness during the annual cycle of their initial training. Research methods: literature review, experiment, testing, comparative analysis, and mathematical statistics. The sample consisted of 14 persons, who were training boxing for one year. The average age of the boxers was 14.9 ± 0.6 years. The duration of the experiment was 10 months (from September till June). The young boxers were training 1—1.5 hours 5 times per week according to the program which was made for them. The training program of one alternative was applied in the experiment. The initial training program contained 24.6% of athletic training, 27.6% of specialphysical training, 28.5% of technical training, and 19.3% of tactical training. The testing of the boxers was performed three times: the first testing was in October, the second one — in February, and the third one — in June. The following training means were used for the young boxers’ athletic training program: physical exercises on the special equipment, exercises with partner, exercises with weights (dumbbells), short distance running, point-to-point running, various jumps, throwing of the stuffed ball, various games. The main means for the young boxers’ special training were imitation exercises, exercises with a rope and lawn tennis balls, exercises at the boxing bags, straight and side thrusts to the boxing bag, defense exercises, thrust imitation using the dumbbells and the stuffed balls. During the annual cycle of the initial training there was a minor alteration in the indexes of the young boxers’ body composition: their height, body weight and Ketle index increased (p < 0.05), while the amount of the fat (%) within the body and the body weight index changed very little (p > 0.05). The strength of the sportsmen’s right hand palm was always bigger than the strength of the left hand palm. The boxers’ athletic and special physical fitness improved (p < 0.05) during one year of their initial training. The boxers’ speed, explosive strength, anaerobic glicolitic endurance, hand strength endurance and flexibility indexes increased significantly (p < 0.05). The strength of the single side thrusts with the front hand to the boxing bag increased from 106.3 ± 7.5 kg to 127.6 ± 8.15 kg (p < 0,05). The strength of the single thrusts with the straight hand increased from 135.2 ± 7.43 kg to 158.5 ± 6.74 kg (p < 0.05). The amount of the thrusts of the examined boxers during the period of 8 sec increased (p < 0.05) in each testing period and at the end of the experiment, the average amount of the boxers’ thrusts in 8 s was 43.5 ± 2.9. The training program, determined for one alternative experiment significantly improved the preparation of young boxers and did not harm their health. During the annual preparation cycle the athletic and special physical fitness of the boxers improved. The implementation of this experimental program made a positive influence on the alteration of the body composition indices of the young boxers.Keywords: athletic training, special physical training, boxing bag, energy input, total energy, total strength

scholarly journals Impact of Strength Training Program on Physical Fitness and Psychical Condition for Elderly Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (88) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaiva Abramavičiūtė ◽  
Kristina Zaičenkovienė
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Training Period ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

Research background and hypothesis. There is a lot of research proving that physical activity improves psychical condition when there are symptoms of psychical illness. There is also a wide range of studies carried out investigating the impact of physical activity on physical abilities, but little is known how strength training program as a factor improves psychical condition and, at the same time, body composition, strength and endurance for elderly woman.Research aim was to study the impact of an 8-week strength training program on physical fitness and psychical condition for elderly women.Research methods were literature review, HADS to evaluate anxiety and depression symptoms, anthropometry, strength and endurance testing, statistical analysis of physical fitness and psychical condition indices. Research results. In the period of 8-week strength training program we found that it had a positive impact on the indices in the experimental group compared to those in the control group. Psychical condition and strength results in experimental group were statistically significant (p  < 0.05); a significantly different change in aerobic endurance was measured during the 2 min step test. BMI and the body composition measures did not change statistically significantly.Discussion  and  conclusions. The  main  finding  is  that  an  8-week  strength  training  period  had  a  significant impact on psychical condition for elderly women. Moreover, strength training exercises improved upper and lower body muscle strength. Endurance improvement was observed during 2-min step test, but 6-min test results were insignificant (p > 0.05). After the 8-week training period, no significant differences in BMI and body composition were observed, although there was a slightly tendency of decrease in the experimental group.Keywords: elderly women, physical fitness, psychical condition, 8-week strength training programme, HADS, BMI.

scholarly journals Can Physiological and Psychological Factors Predict Dropout from Intense 10-Day Winter Military Survival Training?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 9064
Author(s):  
Jani P Vaara ◽  
Liisa Eränen ◽  
Tommi Ojanen ◽  
Kai Pihlainen ◽  
Tarja Nykänen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Personality Hardiness

Background: In the military context, high levels of physiological and psychological stress together can compromise individual’s ability to complete given duty or mission and increase dropout rates. The purpose of this study was to investigate if baseline physical fitness, body composition, hormonal and psychological factors could predict dropout from a 10-day intense winter military survival training. Methods: 69 conscripts volunteered to participate in the study. Physical fitness (muscle strength and power, muscle endurance, and aerobic fitness), body composition and hormonal variables (BDNF, testosterone, cortisol, SHBG, DHEAS, IGF-1) together with self-reported psychological factors (short five personality, hardiness, sense of coherence, stress, depression) were assessed prior the survival training. Results: During the survival training, 20 conscripts (29%) dropped out. Baseline aerobic fitness (hazard ratio, HR: 0.997, 95% CI: 0.994–0.999, p = 0.006) and serum cortisol (HR: 1.0006, 95% CI: 1.001–1.011, p = 0.017) predicted dropout in Cox regression model. Each 10 m increase in the 12 min running test decreased the risk for dropout by 3%. Conclusion: Although most of the physiological and psychological variables at the baseline did not predict dropout during a short-term winter survival military training, baseline information of aerobic fitness and serum cortisol concentration may be useful to target support for individuals at higher potential risk for dropout.

scholarly journals Changes in body composition and physical fitness of 7-year-old girls after completing a 12-month artistic gymnastics training program

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Boraczyński ◽  
Michał Boraczyński ◽  
Sandra Boraczyńska ◽  
Anna Michels
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Training Program

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF PHYSICAL TRAINING PROGRAM FOR CADETS IN US MILITARY ACADEMY WEST POINT

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (194) ◽  
pp. 190-195
Author(s):  
Ruslan Anatskyi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
West Point ◽  
Fitness Testing ◽  
Military Academy ◽  
Us Military ◽  
The Us ◽  
Physical Fitness Testing

The article offers the analysis of the physical training Program for cadets in the US Military Academy West Point. Recently, Ukraine gained access to the best military experience of NATO. An important factor in strengthening the combat potential of the army is the future officers’ physical training. The analysis of the physical training Program for cadets in the US Military Academy West Point will allow the gradual implementation of NATO standards in higher military education in Ukraine. West Point accepts boys and girls, U.S. citizens, ages 17-22. Applicants are recommended to pass the camp Summer Leaders Experience. The governing body that organizes, implements and controls the entire process of physical education is the Department of Physical Education. The guiding document for the entire process of physical education is the physical training Program. The strategic goals laid down in the physical training Program are: cadet skills, teaching staff responsibilities, military skills, program implementation. The physical training Program consists of three sections: the physical education curriculum or "training course"; physical fitness testing; and participation in sports competitions. The first section in the Program has three main courses for cadets’ working: basic motor activities; basic fitness; and daily physical activity. The second section in the Program is regular physical fitness testing, it provides cadets the opportunity to demonstrate personal physical perfection and emphasizes the importance of physical fitness for a military profession. The third section in the Program is participation in competitions, it encourages each cadet during every semester to participate in competitions according to their own abilities and interests: team, club, Inter-academic. The physical education curriculum has four levels for cadets’ training. The transition to a new level is allowed only if a cadet meets all the standards from the previous level. The fourth level provides the development of self-confidence that gives cadets the opportunity to meet the requirements of the Academy and the army in physical training in the future. The third level ensures cadets’ development of basic competence in movement and water skills. The second level designs a final combat experience that is closely related to the Army combat program in the modern army. The first level provides the culmination in one of many cycles in cadet’s physical activity that is cadet’s physical movement throughout life.

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