scholarly journals The Alteration of Young Boxers’ Athletic and Special Physical Fitness during the First Year of their Physical Training

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (67) ◽  
Author(s):  
Algirdas Čepulėnas ◽  
Vitalijus Subačius ◽  
Vidas Bružas ◽  
Pranas Mockus
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Athletic Training ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
The Body ◽  
Initial Training ◽  
One Year

The goal of this study was to analyze the alteration of young boxers’ athletic and special physical fitness during the annual cycle of their initial training. Research methods: literature review, experiment, testing, comparative analysis, and mathematical statistics. The sample consisted of 14 persons, who were training boxing for one year. The average age of the boxers was 14.9 ± 0.6 years. The duration of the experiment was 10 months (from September till June). The young boxers were training 1—1.5 hours 5 times per week according to the program which was made for them. The training program of one alternative was applied in the experiment. The initial training program contained 24.6% of athletic training, 27.6% of specialphysical training, 28.5% of technical training, and 19.3% of tactical training. The testing of the boxers was performed three times: the first testing was in October, the second one — in February, and the third one — in June. The following training means were used for the young boxers’ athletic training program: physical exercises on the special equipment, exercises with partner, exercises with weights (dumbbells), short distance running, point-to-point running, various jumps, throwing of the stuffed ball, various games. The main means for the young boxers’ special training were imitation exercises, exercises with a rope and lawn tennis balls, exercises at the boxing bags, straight and side thrusts to the boxing bag, defense exercises, thrust imitation using the dumbbells and the stuffed balls. During the annual cycle of the initial training there was a minor alteration in the indexes of the young boxers’ body composition: their height, body weight and Ketle index increased (p < 0.05), while the amount of the fat (%) within the body and the body weight index changed very little (p > 0.05). The strength of the sportsmen’s right hand palm was always bigger than the strength of the left hand palm. The boxers’ athletic and special physical fitness improved (p < 0.05) during one year of their initial training. The boxers’ speed, explosive strength, anaerobic glicolitic endurance, hand strength endurance and flexibility indexes increased significantly (p < 0.05). The strength of the single side thrusts with the front hand to the boxing bag increased from 106.3 ± 7.5 kg to 127.6 ± 8.15 kg (p < 0,05). The strength of the single thrusts with the straight hand increased from 135.2 ± 7.43 kg to 158.5 ± 6.74 kg (p < 0.05). The amount of the thrusts of the examined boxers during the period of 8 sec increased (p < 0.05) in each testing period and at the end of the experiment, the average amount of the boxers’ thrusts in 8 s was 43.5 ± 2.9. The training program, determined for one alternative experiment significantly improved the preparation of young boxers and did not harm their health. During the annual preparation cycle the athletic and special physical fitness of the boxers improved. The implementation of this experimental program made a positive influence on the alteration of the body composition indices of the young boxers.Keywords: athletic training, special physical training, boxing bag, energy input, total energy, total strength

scholarly journals The influence of special physical fitness of athletes on the level of technique of playing beach volleyball

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 364-373
Author(s):  
Valeriy Hunchenko ◽  
Oleksandr Solovey ◽  
Dmytro Solovey ◽  
Yaroslav Malojvan ◽  
Artem Yakovenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Training Device ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Explosive Power ◽  
Competitive Activities

Background and Study Aim. Aim is to determine the influence of the components of special physical training on the effectiveness of certain elements of the game technique during the competitive activities of beach volleyball athletes. Material and methods. The study involved athletes (n = 20, age - 17-21 years, experience - 8-9 years), who are engaged in beach volleyball (Kherson, Ukraine). Experts (n = 5, work experience - over 20 years) from among the leading volleyball specialists were involved. Training sessions were conducted according to the author’s structure and content of special physical training (preparatory period of the annual cycle). The author's program was to increase the volume of athletic work by 10% (selective classes and integrated work) and 17% (complex classes). The classes used a developed special training device. The device is designed to practice practical game skills. The load at the first stage was 70-80% of the maximum. The load in the second stage was 80-90% of the maximum. Results. Significant (p <0.05) development of explosive power, speed and agility was revealed. There is a significant (p <0,05) increase: in the number of jump serve and spike; improving the quality/number of serve and attack; improving the quality of passing and the number of blocks. Conclusions. The proposed structure and content of special physical training and exercises on a special simulator have significantly increased the level of development of physical qualities. The athlete training program helped to improve the effectiveness of certain technical actions during competitive activities.

The Effects of Exercise During a 10-Week Basic Military Training Program on the Physical Fitness and the Body Composition of the Greek Naval Cadets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonios Vantarakis ◽  
Nikolaos Vezos ◽  
Konstantinos Karakatsanis ◽  
Gerasimos Grivas ◽  
Theodosia Oikonomou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
The Body ◽  
Conditioning Circuit

ABSTRACT Introduction The period of basic military training (BMT) is a sudden change in the individual habits of the trainees and is characterized by significant improvements in body composition such as the percentage of body fat (%BF) and lean body mass (BM). Research has shown that physical activity during the period of BMT lasting 7–10 weeks has positive effects on the physical condition and BM of cadets. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of training combining cardiovascular conditioning, circuit strength training, swimming, team sports, and obstacle course on physical fitness and body composition during a 10-week BMT period over 4 years in the Hellenic Naval Academy (HNA). Materials and Methods The sample consisted of 185 Greek cadets of the HNA (age: 18.4 ± 0.7 years, height: 1.77 ± 6.7 m, BM: 72.6 ± 9.1 kg), of which 153 was male (age: 18.3 ± 0.6 years, height: 1.79 ± 5.8 cm, BM: 75.3 ± 7.6 kg) and 32 was female (age: 18.6 ± 0.9 years, height: 1.68 ± 2.8 cm, BM: 59.9 ± 3.1 kg). The cadets participated each year for 4 years in the BMT, performing 94 training sessions, five times a week. The weekly training program included cardiovascular conditioning, circuit strength training, swimming, team sports, and obstacle course. The measurements of the participants before and after BMT were on BM, %BF, and body mass index (BMI); on the number of sit-ups (SU1), push-ups (PU1), and pull-ups (PullU1) in 1 minute; and on the 12-minute aerobic Cooper test (12-min run). Results The results of the study showed that the BM of the cadets decreased significantly by 2.5%, (t184 = 17.591, P &lt; .01), in men by 2.7% (t152 = 16.243, P &lt; .01) and in women by 2.2% (t31 = 9.280, P &lt; .01). Body mass index (BMI) decreased significantly by 2.6% (t184 = 17.681, P &lt; .01), in men by 3.0% (t152 = 16.046, P &lt; .01) and in women by 2.3% (t31 = 9.224, P &lt; 0.01). Reduction in %BF in all cadets reached 11.3% (t184 = 8.134, P &lt; .01), for men −14.8% (t152 = 8.918, P &lt; .01) and women −2.1% (t31 = 0.860, P &gt; .05) without significant differences between the measurements. The number of push-ups in 1 minute (PU1) significantly increased by 27.6% (t184 = −27.813, P &lt; .01), in women by +35.6% (t31 = 13,864, P &lt; .01). The number of sit-ups in 1 minute (SU1) significantly increased by 27.3% (t184 = −30.501, P &lt; .01), for men +28.8% (t152 = −29.862, P &lt; .01). The number of pull-ups in 1 minute (PullU1) reached 20.8% (t184 = −13.426, P &lt; .01) in total, at similar levels in men (t152 = −13.918, p &lt; .01) and women (t31 = −2.820, P &lt; .01). On the 12-min run, the significant improvement exceeded 10.8% (t184 = −45.289, P &lt; .01), in men by 11.1% (t152 = −45.222, P &lt; .01) while in women by 9.0% (t31 = 15.709, P &lt; .01). Conclusions The results of this study showed that 10 weeks of BMT, which combined cardiovascular conditioning, circuit strength training, swimming, team sports, and obstacle course improved the body composition, cardiorespiratory endurance, and the strength of the Greek HNA cadets.

1 The adoption of an empowered physical training programme in a military population – the benefit in injury reduction. A retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 167 (3) ◽  
pp. e1.1-e1
Author(s):  
Graeme Downes ◽  
Luke Doddington
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Military Population ◽  
Injury Reduction ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
One Year

IntroductionMusculoskeletal injuries (MSKI) represent a significant burden within the British Army, this has been extensively studied amongst recruits. It was decided to study the injury rates of a Light Cavalry Squadron who have adopted an empowered physical training program involving personal responsibility for physical training with periodic benchmark exercises.MethodsAnonymised data were collected between April and August 2020 during an operational tour. The number of presentations to the medical centre for MSKI as well as the number of days of restricted duties were collected. The data relating to the same operational tour, exactly one year previously, for another Light Cavalry squadron were collected as a control. Both units were deployed in the same location, in the same role, and with the same population, fluctuating around 138 personnel.ResultsBetween April and August 2020 there were 124 consultations for MSKI amongst the study population, this resulted in 241 days of restricted duties. In comparison for the control population (April to August 2019), there were 225 consultations for MSKI, and this resulted in 777 days of restricted duties.ConclusionsIt was found that the current unit has experienced a lower incidence of MSKI and fewer restricted duties days when compared to the control group. It is proposed that the greater emphasis on personal responsibility for physical fitness has allowed personnel to develop their fitness with a broader range of physical activity. This has resulted in a lesser burden of overuse injuries. It is also thought that the focus on personal responsibility has led to a greater desire to engage in physical training. Further work is needed to ensure that this trend continues throughout the operational tour and that the empowered training programme has a comparable benefit in physical fitness to the standard training program.

scholarly journals Effects of aerobic workout on the changes in the characteristics of dynamics of the center of gravity in different age categories

2019 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Szablics ◽  
K Orbán ◽  
S Szabó ◽  
M Dvorák ◽  
M Ungvári ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Body Weight Ratio

Introduction The quality and function of movements undergo deterioration due to weight gain. Aerobic training normalizes body weight, improves the health status, and in addition, it is expected to improve the dynamics of movements. The aims of this study were to prove the beneficial effects of recreational physical activities on the movements. Methods Participants were divided into five different age categories: second childhood, adolescence, mature age I, mature age II, and aging. Squatting and vertical jumping of the participants were measured at the beginning and at the end of a 5-month training program. These movements simulated ordinary daily movements. Changes in the body were determined by InBody230. APAS 3D system was used for movement analysis. Results The results showed significant improvements in body weight, fat mass, muscle mass, fat mass–body weight ratio, muscle mass–body weight ratio, body mass index, body fat percentage, and waist–hip ratio. During jumping, the lifting and sinking of the center of gravity’s (CG) position and its velocity and acceleration were improved. In case of squatting, the results showed significant improvements in the velocity and acceleration of dynamical characteristics of the CG. Other correlations were observed between changes in body composition and the dynamics of movements. Discussion The research proved that recreational training optimized body composition and improved the characteristics of CG’s dynamics. The study suggests considerable connection between body composition and the characteristics of the movements’ dynamics. From this point of view, our training program was the most effective in the working age groups.

scholarly journals A Short-Term Body Jump® Training Program Improves Physical Fitness and Body Composition in Young Active Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3234
Author(s):  
Sergio Sellés-Pérez ◽  
Miguel García-Jaén ◽  
Juan Manuel Cortell-Tormo ◽  
Roberto Cejuela
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Young Women ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Flight Height ◽  
Fitness Parameters

(1) Background: Body Jump® is a novel group fitness program with musical support, which is performed rebounding in a minitrampoline. Although the number of practitioners has increased exponentially in recent years, this activity’s short-term effects on physical fitness and body composition in women have not yet been studied. (2) Methods: 27 healthy young women were randomly divided into a Body Jump® group (BJ) and a control group (CG). BJ performed three classes per week for one month. The week before and after the intervention, the anthropometric assessments were carried out to estimate the body composition, and different performance tests were performed to assess the jumping capacity (countermovement jump (CMJ) and squat jump (SJ) tests), the muscular strength (1RM test) and the aerobic fitness (UKK test). (3) Results: VO2 max (p = 0.001), CMJ flight height (p = 0.023), SJ flight height (p = 0.003) and the 1RM value in the half-squat exercise (p = 0.009) were significantly increased in BJ. In CG, there were no statistically significant differences after the intervention period. Regarding the changes in body composition, a significant enhancement in several parameters were found in BJ, such as the sum of skinfolds (p = 0.003) and the percentage of fat mass (p = 0.002), while no changes were found in any of the anthropometric variables in CG. (4) Conclusions: carrying out the Body Jump® program three days per week for one month had positive effects on physical fitness and body composition in a group of healthy young women. This training program can be an effective option for enhancing, in the short term, these fitness parameters and the body composition of these recreational users into the fitness centers.

Body Composition Modifications Due to the “Search, Rescue and Survival Training” in Male Military Firefighter Cadets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Ramos de Barros ◽  
Verônica Pinto Salerno ◽  
Thalita Ponce ◽  
Míriam Raquel Meira Mainenti
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Fat Percentage

ABSTRACT Introduction To train and prepare cadets for a career as firefighters in Rio de Janeiro, the second-year students of the Officers Training Course are submitted to a Search, Rescue, and Survival Training (SRST) course, which is characterized by long periods of high physical exertion and sleep restriction during a 9-day instruction module, and food restriction during a 7-day survival module. The present study investigated changes in the body composition of 39 male cadets submitted to SRST during training and 4 weeks of recovery with no restrictions in food consumption. Materials and Methods Each cadet was evaluated by anthropometric measurements at six time points: pre-SRST; after the first module; after the second module; and after 1, 2, and 4 weeks of recovery. Measurements included body girths and skinfolds, to estimate trunk (chest and waist) and limbs (arm and thigh) dimensions, as well as body composition. Repeated measures ANOVA and Friedman test were applied (depending on each data distribution). Results Statistically significant decreases in body weight (76.2; 69.8-87.2 to 63.9; 58.9-73.5 kg) and fat free mass (FFM, 69.2; 63.7-77.2 to 60.1; 56.2-68.0 kg) were observed following the second module of SRST. Following a single week of recovery, the FFM returned to pre-SRST values. Body weight returned to pre-training levels in 2 weeks. Body fat percentage and mass also significantly decreased during SRST (9.0; 7.7-12.3 to 6.5; 5.1-9.3% and 6.9; 5.6-10.0 to 6.9; 5.6-10.0 kg, respectively), which showed a slower and more gradual recovery that reached pre-SRST values after 4 weeks. The girths of arm, thigh, chest and waist significantly decreased due to SRST. The girths of the limbs (arm and thigh) returned to pre-training values after one month of recovery, while the girths of the trunk (chest and waist) did not return to pre-SRST values during the study period. Conclusions The findings suggest that men who experience periods of high energy demands and sleep restriction followed by a period of food restriction will endure unavoidable physical consequences that can be mostly reversed by a 1-month recovery.

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