scholarly journals Infrastructure is not enough: Interactions between the environment, socioeconomic disadvantage, and cycling participation in England

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 693-714
Author(s):  
Eugeni Vidal Tortosa ◽  
Robin Lovelace ◽  
Eva Heinen ◽  
Richard P. Mann
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Socioeconomic Disadvantage ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Socioeconomically Disadvantaged ◽  
Disadvantaged Populations ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Deprived Areas

Cycling can be particularly beneficial for socioeconomically disadvantaged populations. First, because it can allow them to access opportunities that by other modes they may not afford. Secondly, because it can increase their physical activity levels and, consequently, improve their health. We analyse the extent to which socioeconomic disadvantage impacts on cycling participation in England, for both leisure and utility cycling. Then, we explore the extent to which this impact could be explained by the environment in which disadvantaged populations live.  The study population includes 167,178 individuals, residing in 2,931 areas, and 326 Local Authorities. Data on individual factors were drawn from the Active Lives Survey, and data on environmental factors from several sources. Descriptive statistics and multilevel logistic models were estimated. The likelihood of cycling is lower among people living in deprived areas than among people living in non-deprived areas. This difference is significant for leisure, but also for utility cycling when controlling for individual and environmental factors. The study also found that cycling infrastructure and greater levels of cyclability are higher in deprived areas than in non-deprived areas. This suggests that infrastructure and cyclability are not enough to increase cycling levels among disadvantaged populations. Further research on other barriers to cycling among disadvantaged populations is required.

User-Oriented Healthcare Translation and Communication

2020 ◽  
pp. 430-451
Author(s):  
Meng Ji ◽  
Kristine Sørensen ◽  
Pierrette Bouillon
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Socioeconomically Disadvantaged ◽  
Disadvantaged Populations ◽  
Medical Translation ◽  
Medical Interpreting ◽  
Literacy Research

Healthcare translation provides a useful and powerful intervention tool to facilitate the engagement with migrants with diverse language, cultural, and health literacy backgrounds. The development of culturally effective and patient-oriented healthcare translation resources has become increasingly pressing. In this chapter, the authors explore, firstly, patient-focused and culturally effective healthcare and medical translation methodologies by integrating insights from health literacy research and corpus-based textual readability evaluation and, secondly, user-oriented criteria which can be used in the development and evaluation of new medical interpreting technologies with a view to enhancing the usability among patients from refugee, migrant, or other socioeconomically disadvantaged populations.

scholarly journals Contribution of Self Confidence and Peer Conformity to Interpersonal Communication

10.32698/0992 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Muhammad Riswan Rais ◽  
Marjohan Marjohan
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
High Category ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Peer Conformity ◽  
Simple Regression

This research is motivated by the low ability of the students of MAN 1 Mandailing Natal in communicating well interpersonal. Self-confidence and peer conformity are factors that are thought to affect interpersonal communication. This study aims to describe: (1) self-confidence, peer conformity, and interpersonal communication, (2) the contribution of self-confidence to interpersonal communication, (3) the contribution of peer conformity to interpersonal communication, (4) the contribution of confidence and peer conformity. peers together on interpersonal communication. This research uses a descriptive correlational quantitative method. The study population was all students of MAN 1 Mandailing Natal, amounting to 1130 people, a sample of 295 people, who were selected by proportional random sampling technique. The instrument used was a Likert scale model. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, simple regression, and multiple regression. The research findings show that: (1) on average, students 'self-confidence is in the high category, (2) peer conformity is in the high category, (3) students' interpersonal communication is in the good category, (4) self-confidence contributes 47.8 % towards interpersonal communication, (5) peer conformity contributes to interpersonal communication by 19.2%, and (6) peer confidence and conformity together contribute to interpersonal communication by 49.5%

scholarly journals The Effects of Environmental Modifications on Improving the Sleep Quality of the Elderly Hospitalized in the Cardiac Care Unit

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Shohani ◽  
Sanaz Azami ◽  
Hossein Seidkhani ◽  
Zeinab Gholami
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cardiac Care ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Improve Sleep Quality ◽  
Cardiac Care Unit

Background: Sleep deprivation is a common problem among the elderly in the cardiac care unit (CCU). Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the effects of environmental modifications on sleep quality improvement in these people. Methods: The study population included 60 elderly patients whose sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index with even domains. The environmental factors that can disturb sleep quality were determined via a questionnaire, including 13 questions on a 5-point Likert scale. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed in SPSS 22 software via independent sample student t-test and chi-square. Results: After environmental modifications, the total sleep quality scores changed from 11.8 to 5.96, indicating sleep quality improvement. Before executing the environmental modifications, there were no significant correlations between sleep quality scores and demographic variables (sex, age, marital status, and economic status). However, after the modifications, there was a significant relationship between sleep quality and economic status (P = 0.024). Conclusions: Environmental factors can affect sleep quality in the elderly hospitalized in CCU. Therefore, it is possible to improve sleep quality in these individuals by modulating environmental conditions.

Predictors of Physical Activity Levels in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Multivariate Approach Based on a Socio-Ecological Framework

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koren L. Fisher ◽  
Elizabeth L. Harrison ◽  
Brenda G. Bruner ◽  
Joshua A. Lawson ◽  
Bruce A. Reeder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Home Care Services ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Nursing Home Care ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Cross Sectional

The purpose of this study was to explore cross-sectional relationships between self-reported physical activity (PA) and personal, social, and environmental factors in community-dwelling adults aged 50 years and older. Accounting for clustering by neighborhood, generalized estimating equations were used to examine associations between selected correlates and the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) score while adjusting for confounders. Data for 601 participants were analyzed: 79% female, 37% married, mean age 76.8 (± 8.7) years, mean PASE score 112.6 (± 64.8). Age, living in seniors’ housing, using nursing/home care services, receiving encouragement to be active, and having benches available in the neighborhood were inversely associated with PASE. Self-efficacy, SF-12 score, PA barriers, social support, and the presence of trails showed positive associations. Several personal, social, and environmental factors associated with PA were identified. The inverse association between PA and living in seniors’ housing units should be considered when developing PA programs for older adults.

Clustering of Brugia malayi infection in a community in South-Sulawesi, Indonesia

Parasitology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. TERHELL ◽  
J. J. HOUWING-DUISTERMAAT ◽  
Y. RUITERMAN ◽  
M. HAARBRINK ◽  
K. ABADI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Familial Aggregation ◽  
Brugia Malayi ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Filarial Infection ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Specific Igg4 ◽  
Infection Susceptibility ◽  
Study Population

The present study was undertaken in village Karondang in South-Sulawesi, Indonesia, to investigate the influences of genetic, household and environmental factors on Brugia malayi infection. Infection status was determined by measuring both microfilariae in night blood and anti-filarial IgG4, as a marker for detection of active filarial infection. A total of 171 residents participated in the study; familial relationships between subjects were registered to construct pedigrees and distances between households were measured. The data were analysed using a test statistic for familial aggregation. For distribution of microfilariae over the study population a genetic influence on infection susceptibility was favoured over the household and environmental effects. For anti-filarial IgG4, all 3 clustering models gave significant results, suggesting that genetic, household and/or environmental factors influence specific IgG4 antibodies.

scholarly journals Effects of Socio-Environmental Factors on Malaria Infection in Pakistan: A Bayesian Spatial Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farooq Umer ◽  
Shumaila Zofeen ◽  
Abdul Majeed ◽  
Wenbiao Hu ◽  
Xin Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Malaria Control Program ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Bayesian Spatial Analysis

The role of socio-environmental factors in shaping malaria dynamics is complex and inconsistent. Effects of socio-environmental factors on malaria in Pakistan at district level were examined. Annual malaria cases data were obtained from Directorate of Malaria Control Program, Pakistan. Meteorological data were supplied by Pakistan Meteorological Department. A major limitation was the use of yearly, rather than monthly/weekly malaria data in this study. Population data, socio-economic data and education score data were downloaded from internet. Bayesian conditional autoregressive model was used to find the statistical association of socio-environmental factors with malaria in Pakistan. From 136/146 districts in Pakistan, >750,000 confirmed malaria cases were included, over a three years’ period (2013–2015). Socioeconomic status ((posterior mean value −3.965, (2.5% quintile, −6.297%), (97.5% quintile, −1.754%)) and human population density (−7.41 × 10−4, −0.001406%, −1.05 × 10−4 %) were inversely related, while minimum temperature (0.1398, 0.05275%, 0.2145%) was directly proportional to malaria in Pakistan during the study period. Spatial random effect maps presented that moderate relative risk (RR, 0.75 to 1.24) and high RR (1.25 to 1.99) clusters were scattered throughout the country, outnumbering the ones’ with low RR (0.23 to 0.74). Socio-environmental variables influence annual malaria incidence in Pakistan and needs further evaluation.

Contribution of colour-zoning differentiation to multidimensional spatial knowledge acquisition in symmetrical hospital wards

2020 ◽  
pp. 1420326X2090949
Author(s):  
Young Hee Min ◽  
Mikyoung Ha
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Spatial Knowledge ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Survey Knowledge ◽  
Differentiation Strategy ◽  
Spatial Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Architectural Structures

Symmetrical hospital buildings often use a colour-zoning differentiation strategy to vary the repetition and monotony of their architectural structures. However, there is scarce scientific evidence or systematized research regarding the cognitive effects of interior colour schemes applied to the entire building. The present study investigated the effect of colour schemes combined with geometric plan configurations on multidimensional spatial knowledge acquisition. In total, 192 participants navigated 12 virtual environments – combinations of three distinct geometric plans and four colour schemes of varying contrasts and hues. Generalised linear models were used to predict the effects of environmental factors (plan configurations and colour schemes) and individual factors (age, gender, sense of direction and gaming experience). The results indicated that the colour scheme significantly contributed only to landmark and route knowledge, and acquiring survey knowledge was only significantly affected by plan configuration. Women were more significantly influenced by environmental factors and men by individual factors, regardless of varied environmental attributes.

scholarly journals Biology, not environment, drives major patterns in maximum tetrapod body size through time

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 674-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland B. Sookias ◽  
Roger B. J. Benson ◽  
Richard J. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Generalized Least Squares ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
Cenozoic Mammals

Abiotic and biological factors have been hypothesized as controlling maximum body size of tetrapods and other animals through geological time. We analyse the effects of three abiotic factors—oxygen, temperature and land area—on maximum size of Permian–Jurassic archosauromorphs and therapsids, and Cenozoic mammals, using time series generalized least-squares regression models. We also examine maximum size growth curves for the Permian–Jurassic data by comparing fits of Gompertz and logistic models. When serial correlation is removed, we find no robust correlations, indicating that these environmental factors did not consistently control tetrapod maximum size. Gompertz models—i.e. exponentially decreasing rate of size increase at larger sizes—fit maximum size curves far better than logistic models. This suggests that biological limits such as reduced fecundity and niche space availability become increasingly limiting as larger sizes are reached. Environmental factors analysed may still have imposed an upper limit on tetrapod body size, but any environmentally imposed limit did not vary substantially during the intervals examined despite variation in these environmental factors.

Functional Requirements and Quality Assurance Necessary for Successful Incorporation of Electroporation-Based Therapies Into Clinical Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Pirc ◽  
Matej Reberšek ◽  
Damijan Miklavčič
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Medical Device ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Socioeconomically Disadvantaged ◽  
Pulse Parameters ◽  
Disadvantaged Populations ◽  
Safety Guidelines

Abstract Electroporation-based therapies have a huge potential for implementation into clinical practice in socioeconomically disadvantaged populations. Currently, the price of electroporators and electrodes is relatively high, but custom low budget devices can be developed. In the paper, we describe three most established applications in medicine, with the focus on the basic mechanisms, which should be taken into account during the development process of a clinical electroporator. Also, typical pulse parameters used in each of the described applications are defined. In the second part of the paper, we describe technical functional requirements for a clinical electroporator and safety guidelines, with the focus on medical device standard. At the end of the paper, the focus moves to a more general problematic, such as quality assurance and the importance of measurement during the pulse delivery, which we firmly believe is necessary for successful electroporation.

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