scholarly journals Comparison on the Properties of Various Alternative Materials for Replacing River Sand in Structural Elements

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
Theivabharathi .
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Copper Slag ◽  
Sieve Analysis ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Alternative Materials ◽  
Different Sources

River sand is a non-renewable source of material which we have been utilizing it in construction for years. In this paper replacement of natural river sand by various by-products and waste materials obtained from different sources have been taken for the study to compare their properties with that of the river sand. The alternative materials considered for the study were M-sand, Eco sand, Copper slag, crushed glass, quarry dust, foundry sand, biomedical waste ash. Some of the materials have been already tested and the optimum percentage of usage in concrete has been determined. But the comparison of their properties with that of the river sand with 100% replacement have been carried out for the study in order to check their potential to act as fine aggregate in concrete or construction industry. The tests performed were sieve analysis, specific gravity, moisture contentand compressive strength of cement mortar cubes.The test results obtained would help us in projecting a newer dimension in use of these materials in structural elements too. If it’s proven successful, thenwe would be able to implement it in large scale which would help us to revolutionize the construction industry by economizing the construction cost and enabling us to conserve the natural resources.

scholarly journals Experiment on Concrete with Partial Replacement of Sand with Alternate Green Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S4) ◽  
pp. 1053-1056
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Copper Slag ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
Green Materials ◽  
Alternative Materials ◽  
Quarry Dust

In recent decades, there is a sprut in the growth of the construction industry. Aggregates are one of the main ingredients for making concrete. Depletion of natural resources of sand and the effect of mass production of cement on sustainable environment, need studies on the use of alternative materials. On the other hand, dumping of wastes from the industries are piling up resulting in the pollution of the environment. By considering the above facts, severe studies are focused on partial replacement of river sand with alternatives like copper slag, steel slag, quarry dust, etc., The outcome of these studies shows that the alternate materials enlarge the mechanical and durability properties of concrete. The optimum dose of alternate materials to replacement of sand is evaluated. In this paper, technical papers published by researchers are studied, discussed and compared

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Concrete Incorporating Manufactured Sand

2015 ◽  
Vol 1115 ◽  
pp. 160-165
Author(s):  
Maisarah Ali ◽  
Muhammad Hariz Nordin ◽  
Siti Asmahani Saad
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Target Strength ◽  
Sieve Analysis ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Compressive Test ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Manufactured Sand ◽  
Concrete Mix

Concrete is a common material that widely used in construction industry. Excessive usage of this material causes exhaustibility to its components, especially fine aggregate or sand. In this regard, the use of manufactured sand is considered as a part of the solutions to fix this problem as it is readily available. In this research, the manufactured sand is used at 40%, 50% and 60% to replace natural river sand. SEM analysis reveals the rough surface texture of manufactured sand. The manufactured sand has angular shape and sieve analysis reveled that it has a considerable amount of fine particle. Slump test shows that concrete using manufactured sand pass the standard. On the other hand, compressive test shows that concrete cubes using manufactured sand do not achieved the target strength. Water absorptive test on the cubes revealed that M-Sand I has higher absorptivity property compared to river sand . SEM analysis revealed the existance of microcrack as well as porosity in in concrete cubes incorporating of manufactured sand. It can be concluded that it can be concluded that the higher the percentage of manufactured sand in the concrete mix the lower is the comprensive strength.

Strength of concrete produced with different sources of aggregates from selected parts of Abia and Imo States of Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1053-1061
Author(s):  
Uchechi G. Eziefula ◽  
Hyginus E. Opara ◽  
Bennett I. Eziefula
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Target Strength ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Coarse Aggregates ◽  
Crushed Granite ◽  
Stone Concrete ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the 28-day compressive strength of concrete produced with aggregates from different sources. Design/methodology/approach Coarse aggregates were crushed granite and natural local stones mined from Umunneochi, Lokpa and Uturu, Isuakwato, respectively, in Abia State, Nigeria. Fine aggregate (river sand) and another coarse aggregate (river stone) were dredged from Otammiri River in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. The nominal mix ratios were 1:1:2, 1:2:4 and 1:3:6, whereas the respective water–cement ratios were 0.45, 0.5, 0.55 and 0.6. Findings The compressive strength of granite concrete, river stone concrete and local stone concrete ranged 17.79-38.13, 15.37-34.57 and 14.17-31.96 N/mm2, respectively. Compressive strength was found to increase with decreasing water–cement ratio and increasing cement content. Practical implications Granite concrete should be used in reinforced-concrete construction, especially when a cube compressive strength of 30 N/mm2 or higher is required. Originality/value Granite concrete exceeded the target compressive strength for all the concrete specimens, whereas river stone concrete and local stone concrete failed to achieve the target strength for some mix proportions and water–cement ratios.

scholarly journals Suitability of Scoria as Fine Aggregate and Its Effect on the Properties of Concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warati ◽  
Darwish ◽  
Feyessa ◽  
Ghebrab
Keyword(s):  
Construction Materials ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Test Results ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Efficient Energy ◽  
Concrete Production

The increase in the demand for concrete production for the development of infrastructures in developing countries like Ethiopia leads to the depletion of virgin aggregates and high cement demand, which imposes negative environmental impacts. In sustainable development, there is a need for construction materials to focus on the economy, efficient energy utilization, and environmental protections. One of the strategies in green concrete production is the use of locally available construction materials. Scoria is widely available around the central towns of Ethiopia, especially around the rift valley regions where huge construction activities are taking place. The aim of this paper is therefore to analyze the suitability of scoria as a fine aggregate for concrete production and its effect on the properties of concrete. A differing ratio of scoria was considered as a partial replacement of fine aggregate with river sand after analyzing its engineering properties, and its effect on the mechanical properties of concrete were examined. The test results on the engineering properties of scoria revealed that the material is suitable to be used as a fine aggregate in concrete production. The replacement of scoria with river sand also enhanced the mechanical strength of the concrete. Generally, the findings of the experimental study showed that scoria could replace river sand by up to 50% for conventional concrete production.

Research on Influence of Chloride Ion in Sea Sand on the Performance of Concrete

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 444-447
Author(s):  
Guo Liang Zhang ◽  
Li Wei Mo ◽  
Jian Bin Chen ◽  
Jun Zhe Liu ◽  
Zhi Min He
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Strength Measurement ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Mortar Strength ◽  
Sea Sand ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ready Mixed Concrete

Sea sand concrete is a kind of concrete in which mixed sea sand as fine aggregate, which is large-scale application in the coastal areas in recent years, especially in Ningbo area. The sea sand solves the problem of river sand shortage, coupled with cheaper price, most of the ready-mixed concrete companies are willing to use desalted sea sand instead of river sand. Many companies even are using sea sand without any treatments.In Ningbo sea sand concrete using wide range of usage is not optimistic. This survey and analysis in Ningbo area physical characteristics of concrete using sea sand and sea-sand. On this basis, chloride simulating sea sand, mixed with desalted sea sand, not desalted sea sand mortar strength measurement, the concrete strength rule were analyzed, and discovered the early strength for the sea sand concrete by the presence of chloride.

scholarly journals Critical Evaluation for Grading and Fineness Modulus of Concrete Sands used in Sulaymaniyah City-Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 34-49
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arf Muhammad ◽  
Bilal K. Mohammed ◽  
Faris R. Ahmed ◽  
Bayan S. Al Numan
Keyword(s):  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Sieve Analysis ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Particle Size Distributions ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Blending Method ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Fineness Modulus

Fine aggregates used for concrete works in Sulaymaniyah city frequently fail to meet the standard requirements for gradation and fineness modulus in cement concrete. This paper aims to critically evaluate gradation, fineness modulus, and clay contents of various natural sands produced and used for concrete work in the region.  Sixteen field sand samples were collected from various sites in Darbandikhan (5 samples), Qalat Dizah (5 samples), Koysinjaq (5 samples), and Piramagroon (1 sample) confirming to ASTM D75. The field samples were parted into test specimens based on ASTM C702. Then, sieve analysis was carried out on the oven-dry test specimens in compliance with ASTM C136. The test results of fine aggregates were compared with American, British, and Iraqi specification standards using ASTM C33, BS 882, and IQS No. 45. It was revealed that only three sands satisfy the ASTM gradation limits while others do not comply and are on the coarser side. Also, eight samples meet the requirements recommended by BS 882, whereas five samples meet limits by IQS No. 45. It was found that only three sands have the fineness modulus within the ranges recommended by ACI 211.1 and ACI 211.4, while the others have high values. Furthermore, it was found that all sands include an allowable amount of finer particles passing sieve size 0.075 mm. In order to improve particle size distributions, it is recommended to use the blending method to obtain a suitable fine aggregate from two or more failed sands.

scholarly journals Evaluating Optimum Strength of Geopolymer Concrete using Quarry Rock Dust with inclusion of natural and hybrid fibers under ambient curing

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Hybrid Fibers ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Rock Dust

Conventionally used cement –a primary binder also a necessitate element in producing concrete rates first in the construction industry. Production of conventional cement requires a greater skill and is energy intensive. The usage of waste materials in the production of concrete and reduction in cement content was only the possible alternative in the past decade. Associated risks with the production of Ordinary Portland Cement are well known. A greener aided with a natural friendly claim can be made only with the usage of the waste materials and reduction in evolving respiration gas to the atmosphere. Almost all works are carried out using source material fly ash, with fine aggregate and coarse aggregate. Concrete plays a vital role in the construction industry and on the other hand, river sand; one of the essential material has become very expensive which is a scarce material. Depletion of sand is a hectic issue due to increased usage of sand in construction. No other replacement materials such as quarry rock dust is not concentrated in casting geopolymer specimens. Even though in some research papers the replacement materials are added only in partial replacement without aiming on 100% replacement. Many researches mainly focus towards test results of GPC specimens using steel fibers, glass fibers. But the study related to natural fibers and hybrid fibers are found scarce. The main part of this work aimed at characterizing the engineering strength properties of geopolymer concrete by 100% replacement of fine aggregate with quarry rock dust. Hence, combination of flyash and quarry rock dust in GPC have been considered for evaluating the mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete. Also, investigation focuses on incorporation of three different fibers namely polypropylene fibers(PF), coir fibers(CF) and hybrid fibers(HF) in different percentage of proportions such as 0.5%,1%,and 1.5% to determine the maximum strength properties of GPC.

scholarly journals Plastic as substituent material for fine aggregate in concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 309 ◽  
pp. 01132
Author(s):  
Raju Suram ◽  
T. Srinivas ◽  
Vegiraju Naresh kumar Varma
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Recycled Polyethylene ◽  
Natural Aggregates

The Plastic is a part of our lives due to its daily usage. So, the consumption of plastic is increasing every year. The decomposition of plastic takes more than thousand years because of its non-biodegradable nature. The plastic harms the society and surrounding environment in all aspects. So, the best way to control the pollution posed by the plastic is recycling. The exponential growth in construction industry, the demand for natural aggregates increases but leads to depletion of natural resources. To overcome this issue plastic used as a fine aggregate replacement in concrete. The majority of the waste coming from the plastic bottles (Polyethylene Terephthalate) and food containers (Polypropylene). So, the recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate and Polypropylene used as a fine aggregate in concrete with percentages of 5%,10%,15%. This paper objective is to assess the effect of Polyethylene Terephthalate and Polypropylene on compressive strength and workability. The workability and compressive strength of PET and PP have given good results up to10%and 5%. It has been observed from the test results that 5% and 10% is optimum for Polypropylene (PP) and Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)as fine aggregate in concrete respectively.

scholarly journals Mechanical and durability properties of the concrete with copper slag

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-370
Author(s):  
S. Jagan ◽  
◽  
T. R. Neelakantan ◽  
R. Gokul Kannan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steel Slag ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Copper Slag ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Durability Properties ◽  
Chloride Ion Penetration ◽  
Alternative Materials ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Increased development in the field of construction with the use of sand, stones etc. depletes the natural resources and thus resulted in the scarcity of construction materials. Furthermore, generation of waste from several industries such as steel slag, copper slag, blast furnace slag etc. are being dumped in the nearby landfills leading to disposal problems. The scarcity of construction materials necessitated the utilization of suitable alternative materials with equivalent physical and chemical characteristics. This paper investigates the suitability of copper slag (CS) as a substitute to natural fine aggregate (NFA) in the concrete. The concrete mixes are prepared with 0%, 10%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 100% of copper slag at 0.45 w/c ratio. The behaviour of CS in the concrete was assessed by hardened properties such as compression, tension and flexure at 7, 14, 28 and 90 days and durability properties such as water absorption, porosity and chloride ion penetration at 56 days. Results indicate that the replacement of CS beyond 50% affects properties of the concrete; however increased curing improved the properties of the concrete at higher replacement levels. Characterization studies such as XRD and SEM was performed to examine the effect of CS on the properties of the concrete.

CHALLENGES OF USING NON-DEGRADABLE WASTE MATERIAL POLYSTYRENE PACKING IN REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Ngene ◽  
Gideon Bamigboye ◽  
Osato Asemota
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Product Packaging ◽  
Alternative Materials ◽  
Landfill Sites ◽  
Loss Of Strength

Weight and Environmental concerns are two elements that have made the search for alternative materials of construction critical in today’s construction industry. The importance of finding a solution to the problem has given rise to the use of non-degradable materials. This study examines the challenges of making such material as polystyrene used in product packaging a part of the structural element in construction. Such adventure it is envisaged reduced the volume and number of landfill sites in Nigeria where air pollution arising from dump sites affects the health of citizens. To achieve this aim, Styrofoam was used as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate (granite) by volume. The replacement was carried out in varying percentages of 10, 20 and 30% Styrofoam concretes respectively with a concrete mix ratio of 1:1:2. The result obtained showed that concrete produced using Styrofoam as the alternative aggregate possess lesser values of compressive strength when compared with the control of conventional concrete without Styrofoam. The optimal percentage of a replacement for Styrofoam concrete was 10% with a compressive strength of 21.33 N/mm2 while the control concrete had a compressive strength of 33.26 N/mm2. The loss of strength of Styrofoam concrete is compensated by the reduction of the requirement for landfill sites and the attendant pollution generated while the concrete can be used for non-structural elements in construction.

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