CHALLENGES OF USING NON-DEGRADABLE WASTE MATERIAL POLYSTYRENE PACKING IN REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Ngene ◽  
Gideon Bamigboye ◽  
Osato Asemota
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Product Packaging ◽  
Alternative Materials ◽  
Landfill Sites ◽  
Loss Of Strength

Weight and Environmental concerns are two elements that have made the search for alternative materials of construction critical in today’s construction industry. The importance of finding a solution to the problem has given rise to the use of non-degradable materials. This study examines the challenges of making such material as polystyrene used in product packaging a part of the structural element in construction. Such adventure it is envisaged reduced the volume and number of landfill sites in Nigeria where air pollution arising from dump sites affects the health of citizens. To achieve this aim, Styrofoam was used as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate (granite) by volume. The replacement was carried out in varying percentages of 10, 20 and 30% Styrofoam concretes respectively with a concrete mix ratio of 1:1:2. The result obtained showed that concrete produced using Styrofoam as the alternative aggregate possess lesser values of compressive strength when compared with the control of conventional concrete without Styrofoam. The optimal percentage of a replacement for Styrofoam concrete was 10% with a compressive strength of 21.33 N/mm2 while the control concrete had a compressive strength of 33.26 N/mm2. The loss of strength of Styrofoam concrete is compensated by the reduction of the requirement for landfill sites and the attendant pollution generated while the concrete can be used for non-structural elements in construction.

scholarly journals Incorporation of Rice Husk Ash as Partial Replacement of Cement in M40 Grade Concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1444-1447
Author(s):  
Musaib Bashir Dar
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Cement Content ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Alternative Materials

Abstract: In this developing era concrete and cement mortar are widely used by the construction industry, with this development. Large number of industrial wastes are generated and if these wastes are not properly used it will create severe problems, keeping the environment in mind, concrete engineers are trying to find some alternative materials which will not only replaces the cement content but also improves strength of concrete. As we also know that during the manufacturing of cement large amount of Co2 is released into the environment, but if we use such material that will replace the quantity of cement content therefore indirectly, we are contributing towards the prevention of our planet from global warming and other pollutions. Also, in this research work the Rice Husk Ash is used. the rice husk ash obtained from the rice processing units, by adding this product with concrete, not only replaces the cement content but also increases the strength of concrete like compressive strength etc. The Rice husk ash was incorporated with concrete with varying percentages of 2.5% ,5% ,7.5%, & 10%. the proper codal precautions were followed during the manufacture of concrete cubes of 150x150x150mm. it was concluded that the strength of concrete increased by incorporated the rice husk ash. Keywords: Concrete, RHA, Compressive strength, Industrial wastes, Cement etc

scholarly journals Formulation and characterization of structural lightweight concrete containing residues of porcelain tile polishing, tire rubber and limestone

Cerâmica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (368) ◽  
pp. 530-535
Author(s):  
Z. L. M. Sampaio ◽  
A. E. Martinelli ◽  
T. S. Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Void Ratio ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Tire Rubber ◽  
Increased Strength ◽  
Porcelain Tile

Abstract The recent increase in the construction industry has transformed concrete into an ideal choice to recycle a number of residues formerly discarded into the environment. Among various products, porcelain tile polishing, limestone and tire rubber residues are potential candidates to replace the fine aggregate of conventional mixtures. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the addition of varying contents of these residues in lightweight concrete where expanded clay replaced gravel. To that end, slump, compressive strength, density, void ratio, porosity and absorption tests were carried out. The densities of all concrete formulations studied were 10% lower to that of lightweight concrete (<1.850 kg/m³). Nevertheless, mixes containing 10 to 15% of combined residues reduced absorption, void ratio and porosity, at least 17% lower compared to conventional concrete. The strength of such formulations reached 27 MPa at 28 days with consistency of 9 to 12 cm, indicating adequate consistency and increased strength. In addition, the combination of low porosity, absorption and voids suggested improved durability.

scholarly journals Comparison of Conventional Concrete and Replacement of River Sand by Waste Foundry Sand and Cement by Nano-Silica

2020 ◽  
pp. 201-205
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Nano Silica ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Foundry Sand ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Waste Foundry Sand

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the properties of concrete in which like cement is partially replacing by used nano silica and is partially replacing by used waste foundry sand. Because now a day the world wide consumption of sand as cement and as fine aggregate in concrete production is very high. Nano silica and waste foundry sand are major by product of casting industry and create land pollution. The cement will be replaced with nano silica and the river sand will be replaced with waste foundry sand (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%). This experimental investigation was done and found out that with the increase in the nano silica and waste foundry sand ratio. Compression test has been done to find out the compressive strength of concrete at the age of 7, 14, 21, and 28. Test result indicates in increasing compressive strength of plain concrete by inclusion of nano silica as a partial replacement of cement and waste foundry sand as a partial replacement of fine aggregate.

Possibilities of Using Alternative Materials as a Substitute Binder or Filler into Composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 1105 ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadežda Števulová ◽  
Ivana Schwarzova ◽  
Viola Hospodarova ◽  
Jozef Junak ◽  
Marcela Ondova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Recycled Concrete ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Alternative Materials ◽  
Activated Coal ◽  
Hemp Fibres ◽  
Lightweight Composites

This article reports on the possibilities of using selected alternative materials like hemp fibres, MgO-cement, recycled concrete, fly ash and steel slag as binder or filler replacement in composite materials in civil engineering production. These binder or filler substitutes were mixed into composites and their compressive strength was tested. The paper is divided into four parts providing the results of experiments. In first part strength parameters of lightweight composites based on natural fibres (hemp hurds) and alternative binder (MgO-cement) are presented. Compressive strength values of concrete samples with partial replacement of cement with mechanochemically activated coal fly ash are given. The third and forth part is aimed to utilization of recycled concrete and steel slag as a natural aggregate replacement in concrete mixture for purpose of structural concrete and surface roads.

scholarly journals “Experimental Analysis of M35 Concrete with Partial Substitute of Fine Aggregate by Nylon Glass Filled Granules and Cement by Flyash”

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4469-4474
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Steel Fiber ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Natural Sand ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Hardened Properties

Concrete is a material which widely used in construction industry. The present investigation deals with the study of partial replacement of fine aggregate by Nylon Glass Granules in concrete. The fine aggregates are replaced by 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% by Nylon Glass Granules by volume of natural sand in M35 grade of concrete. Additionally, to increase the tensile strength of concrete 1% of Steel Fiber by volume of cement were added to all the mixes containing Nylon Glass Granules. The concrete produced by such ingredients were cured for 7 and 28 days to evaluate its hardened properties. The 28days hardened properties of concrete revealed that maximum strength is observed for the mix which possesses 20% replacement of fine aggregate by Nylon Glass Granules compared with the conventional concrete, thus it is said to be the optimum mix

scholarly journals Study of Light Weight Fibre Reinforced Concrete by Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate with Pumice Stone

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 933-940
Author(s):  
Mohammed Sohel Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Structural Members ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Shrinkage Cracking ◽  
Pumice Stone ◽  
Average Compressive Strength

Abstract: As the demand for the structural members application in the concrete industry is continuously increasing simultaneously many a times it is required to lower the density of concrete enabling light weight which helps in easy handling of the concrete and its members. In this research an experimental endeavour has been made to equate conventional concrete with light weight by partially substituting the coarse aggregate with the pumice stone aggregate in M30 grade mix design. Simultaneously small fibres of Recron3's Polypropylene have been applied to the concrete as a reinforcing medium to minimize shrinkage cracking and improve tensile properties. The coarse aggregate was substituted by the pumice aggregate in 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 percent and fibres respectively in 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 percent. The experiment is focused on strength parameters to determine the most favourable optimum percent with respect to conventional concrete. Keywords: OPC (Ordinary Portland Cement)1, FA (Fine Aggregate)2, CA (Coarse Aggregate) 3, fck (Characteristic Compressive Strength at 28days)4, Sp. Gr (Specific Gravity)5, WC (Water Content)6, W/C (Water Cement Ratio)7, S (Standard Deviation)8, Fck (Target Average Compressive Strength at 28days)9.

scholarly journals Investigative Study of Partial Replacement of Cement with Bio-Cement, Fly Ash and Natural Pozzolans

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1S) ◽  
pp. 432-436
Author(s):  
Dr.Sarvesh, Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Main Property ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Split Tensile Strength ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Natural Pozzolans ◽  
The Impact

Concrete is usually a combination of cement, coarse particles (aggregates and Sand) and water. It is used to design and improve the infrastructures.It is used to design and improve the infrastructures. Concrete has many advantages and disadvantage. The main property that is characteristic to a concrete’s workability is its compressive strength. Only through this single test, one can judge if cementing has been done appropriately. Possible advancements for development include the use of non-traditional and creative materials, and the reuse of waste materials with a specific end goal to replenish the absence of specific assets and to discover alternative ways to monitor the Earth..This investigation concentrate on Compressive strength, flexural and split tensile strength of Conventional Concrete (CC) and Class C fly ash remains with bio-cement and natural pozzolans to consider the impact of bio-concrete with blend extents of 0%,0.25%,0.5%,1% and 1.5% on quality properties. Moreover, effective self-healing usually occurred due to the use of polymers, microorganism and additional cementing material. It is the key issue to find out the self-healing efficiency’s effect to sealing the crack width successfully. And good resistance was observed during the bacterial chemical process against the freeze and thaw attacks.

scholarly journals Permeation Resistance of Sawdust Ash Blended Cement Laterized Concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Olufemi Folagbade ◽  
Aluko Olawale
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Blended Cement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Initial Surface ◽  
Surface Absorption ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Curing Age

This paper compared the initial surface absorption of conventional concrete and laterized concrete containing Portland cement (PC) and sawdust ash (SDA). Laterized concrete was produced at laterite contents of 15 and 30% as partial replacement for sand and SDA contents of 10 and 20% as partial replacement for PC. Compressive strengths at 28 days and initial surface absorption after 10 minutes (ISA-10) at 28, 60 and 90 days were determined at the water/cement ratios of 0.35, 0.50 and 0.65 and assessed at equal 28-day strengths of 25-35 N/mm2. At equal water/cement ratios, compressive strength reduced and ISA-10 increased with increasing content of laterite and SDA. On the other hand, compressive strength and resistance to surface absorption of the blended cement laterized concretes increased with increasing curing age. At equal strengths, all the blended cement laterized concretes have better resistance to surface absorption than the conventional PC concrete.

scholarly journals Engineering Properties of Concrete by Partial Replacement of Cement with Aluminium Slag and Fine Aggregate with Foundary Sand

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 3870-3874
Keyword(s):  
Waste Product ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Plastic State ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Construction Time ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
The Matrix

A self-compacting concrete (s.c.c) is a special concrete which settles itself without any vibration due to its own mass and self-weight. This will happen due to use of special admixtures which have tendency to increase the flow of concrete by reducing the viscosity nature. This particular type of concrete was developed by the japan researchers in 1988. Later it was modifies and developed in many parameter’s by UK and U.S.A researchers. This particular thesis is about the improvement of performance of the S.C.C by replacing the fines and cement of the aggregates by the waste products that obtained from the different industries. The fines are replaced partially by crushed sand obtained as quarry waste and the aluminium slag that obtained from many industries as a waste product is partially introduced as binding material By using this S.C.C the problems that are facing by the construction industries during the placement of the concrete will solve. Now days the structures are designed and made as heavy reinforced structures where the sizes of structural elements are restricted due to architectural and some structural considerations. So the concrete that poured in those elements shows the voids and honey combing it can be prevented by using this S.C.C. not only the improvement of the strength but also the construction time and cost also gets reduced by using this product, because with this material no need of vibration. It reduces the time of construction and cost regarding vibration equipment and labor. But the main problem while preparing s.c.c is to select the proper admixture to prevent the cracking and shrinkage issues. This type of concrete requires 20-25 percent higher matric paste when compared to conventional concrete. This thesis works on mainly preparing the most feasible mix for s.c.c with the partial replacement of fines and cement by above mentioned materials which makes the matrix still in plastic state without altering the original properties of the concrete. The second task is to prepare the specimens for different strength tests and like compression and tensile and bending parameters check along with the considering the shrinkage issues.

scholarly journals Experiment on Concrete with Partial Replacement of Sand with Alternate Green Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S4) ◽  
pp. 1053-1056
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Copper Slag ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
Green Materials ◽  
Alternative Materials ◽  
Quarry Dust

In recent decades, there is a sprut in the growth of the construction industry. Aggregates are one of the main ingredients for making concrete. Depletion of natural resources of sand and the effect of mass production of cement on sustainable environment, need studies on the use of alternative materials. On the other hand, dumping of wastes from the industries are piling up resulting in the pollution of the environment. By considering the above facts, severe studies are focused on partial replacement of river sand with alternatives like copper slag, steel slag, quarry dust, etc., The outcome of these studies shows that the alternate materials enlarge the mechanical and durability properties of concrete. The optimum dose of alternate materials to replacement of sand is evaluated. In this paper, technical papers published by researchers are studied, discussed and compared

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