scholarly journals Paleocene deposits of the Ukrainian Carpathians: geological and petrographic characteristics, reservoir properties

Baltica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-127
Author(s):  
Halyna Havryshkiv ◽  
Natalia Radkovets
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Terrigenous Material ◽  
Reservoir Properties ◽  
Reservoir Rocks ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Sandy Sediments ◽  
Maximum Development

The Paleocene Yamna Formation represents one of the main oil-bearing sequences in the Ukrainian part of the Carpathian petroleum province. Major oil accumulations occur in the Boryslav-Pokuttya and Skyba Units of the Ukrainian Carpathians. In the great part of the study area, the Yamna Formation is made up of thick turbiditic sandstone layers functioning as reservoir rocks for oil and gas. The reconstructions of depositional environments of the Paleocene flysch deposits performed based on well log data, lithological and petrographic investigations showed that the terrigenous material was supplied into the sedimentary basin from two sources. One of them was located in the northwest of the study area and was characterized by the predominance of coarse-grained sandy sediments. Debris coming from the source located in its central part showed the predominance of clay muds and fine-grained psammitic material. The peculiarities of the terrigenous material distribution in the Paleocene sequence allowed singling out four areas with the maximum development (> 50% of the total section) of sandstones, siltstones and mudstones. The performed petrographic investigations and the estimation of reservoir properties of the Yamna Formation rocks in these four areas allowed establishing priority directions of further exploration works for hydrocarbons in the study territory.

Facial features of the Paleocene-Eocene deposits of advanced units of the Skyba zone of Ukrainian Carpathians

2021 ◽  
Vol 3-4 (185-186) ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
Halyna Havryshkiv ◽  
Yuliya Haievska
Keyword(s):  
Continental Slope ◽  
Hydrocarbon Exploration ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Reservoir Properties ◽  
Reservoir Rocks ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Sedimentation Basin ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
Sandy Sediments ◽  
Material Wear

There three main types of facies of Paleocene-Eocene complexes: sandy, siltstone and argillite distinguished within the study area by the nature of the distribution of the strata of the forming components were highlighted. Тhey accumulated avalanche at the foot of the continental slope and formed various facial parts of the foehn (Upper, Middle and Lower foehn). In the upper part of the Foehn was accumulated coarse-grained sediments (clusters of deep boulders and other psephyto-psammitic material containing edaphogenic rocks). Under the action of geostrophic and bottom currents, silt streams of pelitic and psammitic material moved in the direction to the south and south-east of the Carpathian sedimentation basin, forming sandy-clay and clay facies (Middle and Lower foehn). During the turbidite movement of a large amount of sediment from the first (shelf) to the second (foot of the continental slope) level of avalanche sedimentation, sorting and distribution of sediments on the continental slope took place. Based on the analysis of the material composition of Paleocene-Eocene sediments of the study area by such criteria as the size of the fragment, sedimentary textures and the ratio of different rocks, 7 facies were identified, which were deposited as gravitational flows down on the continental slope. Reconstructions of Paleocene-Eocene age flysch deposits showed that terrigene material in the studied sedimentation basin came from two sources – one of which was northwest of the study area and was characterized by a predominance of coarse-grained sandy sediments, while the source wear, which was in the central part of the studied basin was characterized by a predominance of clay silt and fine-grained psammitic material. This nature of the distribution of terrigenous material had a decisive influence on the further formation of Paleocene end Eocene sedimentary strata in the process of sedimentogenesis and post-sedimentary transformations of sediments, and on the formation of reservoir rocks and rocks with potential reservoir properties for hydrocarbon exploration. It has been established that the composition of the Psamitolites of the flysch formation of the Paleocene and Eocene ages of the Carpathians was formed on the passive continental margin or in the inland and boundary seas, and their genesis mostly corresponds only to the platform source of material wear.

Origins and engineering hazards of Swedish glaciomarine and marine clays

1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Stevens ◽  
M. S. Rosenbaum ◽  
L. G. Hellgren
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Land Uplift ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Depositional Settings ◽  
Late Weichselian ◽  
Three Dimensional Models

AbstractThis paper relates the Engineering features of fine-grained clays in the Göteborg area to their glacial sources, depositional settings and postdepositional changes. These deposits occupy valley and coastal areas where urban expansion has been concentrated, despite the considerable problems with settlement and quick-clay behaviour. Both mineralogical and permeability trends are largely determined by the textural characteristics of the deposits. The depositional environments, which have largely controlled the textural trends, are known to have evolved during late Weichselian times due to glacial retreat, isostatic land uplift and climatic changes. A generalized lithostratigraphical model has been produced and this is used here to help understand and predict the variability of the geotechnical properties. The stratigraphical trends in texture, mineralogy and structure are considered within four broad genetic categories: 1) coarse-grained glacial deposits, 2) glaciomarine deposits, 3) very distal glaciomarine deposits, and 4) shallow-marine deposits. These divisions can often be recognized within the logs of geotechnical reports, which suggested that they could provide the basis for development of three-dimensional models which have both geological and geotechnical predictive power within the vicinity of Göteborg. They could also act as a guide for the development of similar models in urban areas elsewhere.

scholarly journals PETROGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RESERVOIR ROCKS IN THE BAT-UPPER JURASSIC DEPOSITS OF THE SOUTH OF WESTERN-SIBERIAN PETROLEUM BASIN

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Vakulenko ◽  
Aleksey Popov ◽  
Sergey Rodyakin ◽  
Evgeniy Khabarov ◽  
Peter Yan
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
The South ◽  
Reservoir Properties ◽  
Petrographic Composition ◽  
Reservoir Rocks ◽  
Regional Sources ◽  
Porosity And Permeability ◽  
Maximum Parameters ◽  
Petroleum Basin

The features of the petrographic composition of the bath-upper Jurassic silt-sand rocks exposed by wells in the South of the West Siberian oil and gas basin are considered. The study is focused on the parameters that had a significant influence on the reservoir properties of rocks: granulometric and mineral-petrographic composition of the clastic part of rocks, cement content, structure and composition. Some conclusions are drawn on the spatial distribution of rocks of different composition within the subisochronous sedimentary complexes. It is assumed that significant variations in their composition are caused by a complex combination of varying degrees of interdependent factors: influence of local and regional sources of clastic material, peculiarities of redistribution of material during its transportation and sedimentation, and post-sedimentation changes. Most variable values of reservoir properties, with a recorded maximum parameters of porosity and permeability are obtained for the rocks of Medium-Upper Oxford complex on Verkhnetarskaya, Dedovskaya, Basinskaya, Veselovskaya, to a lesser extent, Kasmanskaya, Vostochnaya and Tai-Dasskaya drilling sites.

Investigation of the geological, technical and economical obstacles for large-scale utilization of geothermal energy from Danish sandstone reservoirs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette Olivarius ◽  
Niels Balling ◽  
Jesper P. M. Baunsgaard ◽  
Esben Dalgaard ◽  
Hanne Dahl Holmslykke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Permeability ◽  
Business Case ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Heat Extraction ◽  
Geothermal Resource ◽  
Burial History ◽  
Reservoir Properties ◽  
Sandstone Reservoirs

<p>The Triassic–Jurassic sandstone reservoirs in the Danish subsurface at c. 1–3 km depth contain an enormous geothermal resource that is currently utilized in only three geothermal plants due to a number of geological, technical and commercial barriers. These barriers have been addressed in the GEOTHERM project funded by Innovation Fund Denmark and recommendations for overcoming the obstacles have been made. Some of the methods that are used in the oil and gas sector have successfully been introduced in the geothermal reservoir evaluations to reduce the risk associated with new exploration wells. Quantitative seismic interpretation proved capable of giving a reliable reservoir characterization with regards to estimation of porosity and sand/clay distribution. Diagenesis modelling gave good estimates of reservoir quality by utilizing the knowledge obtained about depositional environments, petrography, reservoir properties and burial history. Relationships between fluid and gas permeability have been established such that the regularly measured gas permeability can be recalculated to fluid permeability giving a better representation of the reservoir. The composition of the formation water in the three geothermal plants has been measured and used for geochemical modelling to evaluate the risk of scaling, where especially barite showed a tendency to precipitate upon cooling of the brine. Simulations of the thermal development of the reservoirs during long-term geothermal exploitation demonstrate significant heat extraction from the layers present above and below each reservoir, which ensures that only a small decrease in production temperature occurs over several decades. The regional geothermal resource estimation has been updated based on a new comprehensive 3D temperature model of the subsurface, confirming the presence of a huge geothermal resource with wide geographical extend covering most of the country. The causes of injection problems have been investigated including corrosion and scaling processes, showing that careful choice of well-lining and tubing materials besides cautious operation of plants are of utmost importance to prevent problems. A geothermal business case has been developed to give a lifetime assessment of geothermal plants including feasibility, design, drilling, construction, production and abandonment, showing that the operational costs are closely linked to the existing infrastructure and to the choices made when designing the geothermal plant. In conclusion, the new scientific results and best-practice manuals provide a significantly higher chance of success of new geothermal projects when including the recommended measures to minimize the geological uncertainties and prevent problems during drilling and production.</p>

Uncommon preservation of dinosaur footprints in a tidal breccia: Eubrontes giganteus from the Early Jurassic Mongisty tracksite of Aveyron, southern France

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Jean-David Moreau ◽  
Jacques Sciau ◽  
Georges Gand ◽  
Emmanuel Fara
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Lower Jurassic ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Early Jurassic ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Southern France ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
The North ◽  
Dinosaur Tracks ◽  
First Time

Abstract A recent excavation yielded 118 large tridactyl footprints in the Lower Jurassic Dolomitic Formation of the Causses Basin, at Mongisty in southern France. Most of the tracks are ascribed to Eubrontes giganteus Hitchcock, 1845. They are preserved on a surface of 53 m2 and form parallel rows with a preferential orientation towards the north. Such an abundance and density of E. giganteus is observed for the first time in the Early Jurassic from the Causses Basin. Sedimentological and ichnotaphonomical analyses show that the footprints were made at different time intervals, thus excluding the passage of a large group. In contrast to all other tracksites from the Dolomitic Formation, where tracks are preserved in fine-grained sediments corresponding to low-energy depositional palaeoenvironments, the tracks from Mongisty are preserved in coarse-grained sediment which is a matrix- to clast-supported breccia. Clasts consist of angular to sub-rounded, millimetric to centimetric-scale (up to 2 cm), poorly sorted, randomly oriented, homogeneous dolostone intraclasts floating in a dolomudstone matrix. Sedimentological analysis shows that the depositional environments of Mongisty varied from subtidal to intertidal/supratidal settings in a large and protected flat marsh. The lithology of the track-bearing surfaces indicates that the mudflat of the Causses Basin was sporadically affected by large mud flows that reworked and redeposited mudstone intraclasts coming from the erosion of upstream, dry and partially lithified mud beds. Throughout the world, this type of preservation of dinosaur tracks in tidal matrix- to clast-supported breccias remains rare.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of Permian-Triassic deposits of the Eastern Ciscaucasia and their oil and gas potential

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
М.А. Хасанов ◽  
Т.Б. Эзирбаев ◽  
А.С. Эльжаев
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Middle Triassic ◽  
Lower Triassic ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Propagation Time ◽  
Well Testing ◽  
Geological Exploration ◽  
Reservoir Properties ◽  
Reservoir Rocks

Изучаемой проблемы заключается в том, что месторождения нефти и газа Восточного Предкавказья являются одними из самых длительно разрабатываемых в России. Однако в настоящее время, когда объем геологоразведочных работ на нефть и газ значительно снизился, прирост запасов УВ сократился до минимума. Но по оценкам различных геологических служб РФ, в глубокопогруженных пермо-триасовых отложениях Восточного Ставрополья и Равнинного Дагестана еще может содержаться значительный объем углеводородного сырья. И для определения правильного комплекса геологоразведовательных работ на нефть и газ необходим комплексный анализ всех геологических и промыслово-геофизических материалов, результатов лабораторного анализа петрофизических свойств, обобщение и ревизия результатов опробования и испытания карбонатных отложений изучаемых отложений с целью выявления закономерностей развития коллекторов. В связи с этим выполнение данной работы в настоящее время является актуальной задачей.Цель работы – обобщить многочисленные исследования по изучению литолого-петрографических особенностей отложений Пермо-триасового комплекса Восточного Предкавказья и его битуминологической характеристике, которые говорят о том, что в разрезе его имеются мощные толщи пород, обладающие богатым потенциалом генерации жидких и газообразных углеводородов. В первую очередь, к ним следует отнести карбонатные и карбонатно-терригенные породы нижнего-среднего триаса морского генезиса (Нефтекумская, Култайская, Демьяновская и Кизлярская свиты). Существенный объем углеводородов могли генерировать и карбонатно-терригенные и терригенные пестроцветные породы среднего триаса лагунно-морского и лагунно-континентального генезиса (Плавненская и Закумская свиты), а также терригенная пестроцветная толща пород верхней Перми преимущественно морского генезиса (Куманская свита). Методы исследования. В статье рассмотрены проблемы расчленения разреза на пласты и выделения коллекторов, оценки их фильтрационно-емкостных свойств пород-коллекторов, обоснования нефтегазонасыщенности и проницаемости продуктивных пластов. Для установления закономерностей распространения коллекторов и составления рекомендаций на проведение геологоразведочных работ, направленных на поиск нефти и газа в изучаемом нефтегазоносном комплексе был выполнен анализ литофациальных, петрофизических и емкостно-фильтрационных свойств пород-коллекторов в разрезе нижнетриасовых отложений нефтекумской свиты Восточного Ставрополья. В работе так же приведены результаты геофизических и лабораторных исследований, которые содержат данные о петрофизических и физико-химических свойствах изучаемых пород отложений нижнего триаса: пористость; объемный вес; карбонатность; коэффициент гидрофобности, удельное электрическое сопротивление; интервальное время распространения упругих продольных волн. Результаты исследования. Из комплексного анализа распределения головных петрофизических параметров и результатов испытания скважин видно, что лишь на юго-востоке получены притоки нефти из карбонатных коллекторов нефтекумской свиты. В области хемогенного (доломитового) карбонатонакопления продуктивными являются XI-XII пласты средней подсвиты, в области массового развития биогермных построек и межрифовых понижений продуктивными являются I-VI пласты нефтекумской свиты. В областях мелководного карбонатонакопления находятся водонасыщенные коллектора The urgency of the studied problem lies in the fact that the oil and gas fields of the Eastern Ciscaucasia are one of the longest developed in Russia. However, at present, when the volume of exploration for oil and gas has significantly decreased, the increase in hydrocarbon reserves has decreased to a minimum. But according to estimates of various geological services of the Russian Federation, in the deeply submerged Permo-Triassic sediments of the East Stavropol and Plain Dagestan, a significant amount of hydrocarbon raw materials may still be contained. And to determine the correct complex of geological exploration for oil and gas, a comprehensive analysis of all geological and field geophysical materials, results of laboratory analysis of petrophysical properties, generalization and revision of the results of testing and testing of carbonate deposits of the studied deposits in order to identify patterns of reservoir development are necessary. In this regard, the implementation of this work is currently an urgent task.The purpose of the work is to summarize numerous studies on the lithological and petrographic features of the Permian-Triassic deposits of the Eastern Ciscaucasia and its bituminological characteristics, which indicate that it contains powerful rock strata with a rich potential for generating liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons. First of all, these include carbonate and carbonate-terrigenous rocks of the Lower-Middle Triassic of marine origin (Neftekumskaya, Kultayskaya, Demyanovskaya and Kizlyarskaya suites). A significant amount of hydrocarbons could be generated by both carbonate-terrigenous and terrigenous variegated rocks of the Middle Triassic of the lagoon-marine and lagoon-continental genesis (Plavnenskaya and Zakumskaya Formations), as well as terrigenous variegated strata of rocks of the upper Perm mainly of the marine genesis (Kuman Formation).Research Methods.The article discusses the problems of dividing a section into formations and separating reservoirs, assessing their filtration and reservoir properties of reservoir rocks, substantiating oil and gas saturation and permeability of productive formations. In order to establish the patterns of reservoir distribution and make recommendations for geological exploration aimed at finding oil and gas in the studied oil and gas complex, the lithofacial, petrophysical, and capacitive-filtration properties of reservoir rocks were analyzed in the context of the Lower Triassic sediments of the Neftekum Formation. The paper also presents the results of geophysical and laboratory studies, which contain data on the petrophysical and physico-chemical properties of the studied rocks of the Lower Triassic sediments: porosity; volume weight; carbonate content; hydrophobicity coefficient, electrical resistivity; interval propagation time of elastic longitudinal waves.The results. From a comprehensive analysis of the distribution of the leading petrophysical parameters and the results of well testing, it is clear that oil flows from the carbonate reservoirs of the Neftekum Formation were obtained only in the southeast. In the area of chemogenic (dolomitic) carbonate accumulation, the XI-XII layers of medium subformation are productive, in the field of mass development of bioherm constructions and inter-riff depressions, I-VI layers of the Neftekum suite are productive. In areas of shallow carbonate accumulation are water-saturated reservoirs

scholarly journals SEDIMENTOLOGICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL OBSERVATIONS IN THE DELTA PLAIN OF SELINOUS RIVER, ANCIENT HELIKE, NORTHERN PELOPONNESUS GREECE

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 654
Author(s):  
A. Koutsios ◽  
N. Kontopoulos ◽  
D. Kalisperi ◽  
P. Soupios ◽  
P. Avramidis
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Delta Plain ◽  
Water Lake ◽  
Sediment Types ◽  
Fresh Water Lake

Fine and coarse grained lithofacies and depositional environments were distinguished in Selinous River delta plain, from sediment cores using an Eijkelkamp percussion corer with barrel windows. The sedimentary sequence of deltaic plain deposits of Selinous River mostly consists of fine lithofacies interbedded occasionally with conglomerate facies. Fine grained lithofacies based on sediment types, structure, color, as well as contact depths and bed characteristics were interpreted as floodplain, crevasse splay, back swamp / fresh water swamp, permanent shallow fresh water lake and ephemeral fresh water lake facies. The coarse grained lithofacies consists of pebble - conglomerates and were interpreted as paleochannels. The Time-Domain Electromagnetic technique, (TEM) was applied in order to define the spatial distribution of lenses of conglomerates, palaeochannels and fine grained sedimentary material to be recognised, at a depth up to 35m. Both the sedimentological and geophysical approaches, in combination with the available geological and geomorphological data of the area, can provide information about the evolution, existence and the geometry of paleochannels of the Selinous River flood plain, and the paleoenvironment of the area of the ancient Helike.

scholarly journals Lake or Estuary? Sedimentary and Benthic Foraminiferal Characterization of a Gulf of Mexico Coastal Dune Lake

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. SC46-SC52
Author(s):  
Kaylyn C. Bellais ◽  
Samuel T. Barber ◽  
Donald A. Beebe ◽  
Murlene W. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Coastal Dune ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Mobile Bay ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Dune Lakes ◽  
Intermittent Connection

Coastal dune lakes are shallow estuaries located within dune environments that share a permanent or intermittent connection with the sea. Because coastal dune lakes are found in few locations worldwide (e.g. Australia, New Zealand, Florida, etc.) they represent unique environments worthy of protection. However; there is a distinct lack of scientific data related to the function and ecology of coastal dune lakes, especially in the Gulf of Mexico. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to characterize the sedimentology and foraminifera of a representative coastal dune lake in Walton County, FL (i.e. Eastern Lake) and determine whether it shares geologic similarities with nearby estuaries. Ten Ekman sediment grab samples were collected along a transect spanning the length of Eastern Lake. The samples were processed to determine sedimentary properties and foraminiferal assemblages. Results from the sedimentary and foraminiferal analyses reveal 3 distinct depositional environments including: (1) a coarse grained, moderately well sorted, organic poor, sandy beach facies with both agglutinated and calcareous foraminifera, (2) a fine grained, very poorly sorted, organic rich central mud basin facies with mostly calcareous foraminifera, and (3) a coarse grained, poorly sorted, organic rich sandy marsh delta facies dominated by agglutinated foraminifera. These environments and foraminiferal patterns are also found in much larger nearby estuaries including Choctawhatchee Bay, Pensacola Bay, and Mobile Bay. Our results therefore suggest that coastal dune lakes may serve as down-scaled micro-estuaries and are functionally related to larger estuaries of the Gulf Coast despite their size.

scholarly journals Overview of Lower Cretaceous Achimov Formation: Physical Properties and Their Distribution Pattern in West Siberian Basin, Russia

Geofluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mingyu He ◽  
Qingbin Xie ◽  
A. V. Lobusev ◽  
M. A. Lobusev ◽  
Xinping Liang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Reservoir Properties ◽  
Reservoir Rocks ◽  
Oil And Gas Fields ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Gas Fields ◽  
West Siberian Basin

The Achimov Formation is one of the most important oil- and gas-bearing strata in the West Siberian basin in Russia. The total estimated reserves of this stratum exceed one billion tons. The formation was first explored in 1981, but it remains largely underdeveloped due to its deep burial depth and poor physical properties. Therefore, further research on the genetic mechanisms and distribution characteristics of the reservoirs in the formation can contribute to its further exploitation. The Achimov Formation is dominated by of fine- to medium-grained sandstones interbedded with shale. Based on analysis of well logging data, hand specimens, and previous research, this study analyzed the properties of three members (Ach1, Ach2, and Ach3) of the Achimov Formation and summarized their distribution patterns. Research on reservoir rocks from different oil and gas fields reveals varying physical properties across the formation with permeability and porosity increasing from the northern to central areas and decreasing from the central to the southern areas. Burial depth is one of the major controlling factors for reservoir properties in the formation. Reservoirs in both the northern and southern parts of the formation are buried deeper than those in the central areas, resulting in a disparity in reservoir quality.

Laboratory Testing of Full-Scale Pipes Partially Embedded in Soil to Study Soil-Pipe Interaction of Offshore Seabed Oil and Gas Pipelines: Initial Observations

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruslan S. Amarasinghe ◽  
Dharma Wijewickreme ◽  
Hisham T. Eid
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Gas Pipelines ◽  
Steel Pipes ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Oil And Gas Pipelines ◽  
Fine Grained Soil ◽  
Geotechnical Aspect ◽  
Soil Pipe

The geotechnical aspect of the design of off-shore oil and gas pipelines is a challenge due to inherent uncertainties in predicting soil-pipe interaction behaviour. Physical modeling is often sought after to gain insight into such problems. This is especially true for pipelines laid in deep waters that are partially embedded in the seabed. This paper presents initial observations arising from full-scale laboratory simulations of typical soil-pipe interaction scenarios of partially buried steel pipes. Bare and epoxy-coated NPS18 steel pipes, each measuring 2.5 m in length, were separately tested in a soil chamber by simulating: (i) lateral pipe displacement; and (ii) longitudinal pipe displacement, under partial embedment in two idealized soil bed models, i.e., in a coarse-grained soil bed model with full drainage, and a fully-saturated fine-grained soil bed model with partial drainage.

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