scholarly journals HYPOTENSIVE ANAESTHESIA IN MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-113
Author(s):  
Jonė Jackevičiūtė ◽  
Greta Kraujalytė ◽  
Dainius Razukevičius ◽  
Lina Kalibatienė ◽  
Andrius Macas
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Perioperative Period ◽  
Transfusion Rate ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Deliberate Hypotension ◽  
Bleeding Management ◽  
Positive Effects

Introduction. Deliberate hypotension (DH) is a widely used anaesthesia technique for decreasing intraoperative bleeding and improving the visibility of the operating field. Orofacial region has rich blood supply, therefore adequate bleeding management is needed. Methods. A literature search was performed using the search terms and was limited to English language. We used specific databases for our literature search. Discussion. The positive effect of DH is associated with mechanism of action leading to reduction of blood loss and reduced blood transfusion rate, accompanied by proper pain management. However, adverse effects are distinguishable, although the presentation completely depends on the hypotensive anaesthetic used for induction of DH. Conclusion. The application of controlled hypotension in maxillofacial surgery is highly advisable. Despite the positive effects, constant monitoring of the vital signs and drug induced side effects in perioperative period is needed.

Drug-Induced Restless Legs Syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 662-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna Patatanian ◽  
Melanie K. Claborn
Keyword(s):  
Restless Legs Syndrome ◽  
English Language ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Restless Legs ◽  
Drug Classes ◽  
Study Selection

Objective: To review the literature on drug-induced restless legs syndrome (DI-RLS). Data Sources: The review included a search for English-language literature from 1966 to December 2017 in the MEDLINE, PubMed, and Ovid databases using the following search terms: restless legs syndrome (RLS), periodic limb movement, adverse effects, and drug-induced. In addition, background articles on the pathophysiology, etiology, and epidemiology of RLS were retrieved. Bibliographies of relevant articles were reviewed for additional citations. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All case reports, case series, and review articles of DI-RLS were identified and analyzed. There were only a small number of controlled clinical trials, and most data were from case reports and case series. Results: Several drugs and drug classes have been implicated in DI-RLS, with antidepressants, antipsychotics, and antiepileptics having the most evidence. In addition, RLS may be linked with a number of disorders or underlying predisposing factors as well. Conclusions: The prevalence of RLS is variable and ranges from 3% to 19% in the general population. There are many predisposing factors to RLS, but an emerging body of evidence suggests that there is an association between numerous drugs and RLS.

scholarly journals Modern English Drama and the Students’ Fluency and Accuracy of Speaking

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Kian Pishkar ◽  
Ahmad Moinzadeh ◽  
Azizallah Dabaghi
Keyword(s):  
Language Learners ◽  
English Language ◽  
Speech Rate ◽  
Oral Fluency ◽  
Ell Students ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Efl Students ◽  
Oral Communications ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Mean Length Of Utterance

Speaking a language involves more than simply knowing the linguistic components of the message, and developing language skills requires more than grammatical comprehension and vocabulary memorization. In teaching-learning processes, drama method may have some positive effects on ELL students’ speaking fluency and accuracy. This study attempts to probe one of the main concerns of language learners, that is, how to improve their speaking components, e.g. oral fluency and accuracy. To attain this aim, the researchers investigated the effect of two selected texts from modern English dramas on students’ speaking fluency and accuracy. They distinguished fluent from non-fluent and accurate from no accurate learners. Therefore, the current study was designed as a true experimental research and the data were gathered from 60 EFL students, whose ages are between 19-25 (80 percent girls and 20 percent boys),of English language and literature at Hormozgan University in Iran. The data were the recorded speaking transcripts which were analyzed to show the probable progresses after four-time (10 weeks) treatment. The factors to be considered in present study were the numbers of filled and unfilled pauses in each narration, the total number of words per minute, mean length of utterance, and number of stressed words. The results were compared and their temporal and linguistic measures were correlated with their fluency scores. They revealed that the speech rate, the mean length of utterance, phonation time ratio and the number of stressed words produced per minute were the best predictors of fluency scores, and thus, students’ speaking fluency increased, whereas the students’ speaking accuracy decreased in some areas of speaking abilities and oral communications.

scholarly journals Non-contact monitoring of agitation and use of a sheltering device in patients with dementia in emergency departments: a feasibility study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Kroll ◽  
Nikolaus Böhning ◽  
Heidi Müßigbrodt ◽  
Maria Stahl ◽  
Pavel Halkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Real Life Setting ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Monitoring Devices ◽  
Study Setting ◽  
Technical Reliability

BACKGROUND Agitation is common in geriatric patients with dementia (PWD) admitted to an emergency department (ED) and is associated with a higher risk of an unfavourable clinical course. Hence, monitoring of vital signs and enhanced movement is essential in these patients during their stay in the ED. Since PWD rarely tolerate fixed monitoring devices, non-contact monitoring systems might represent appropriate alternatives. OBJECTIVE To study the reliability of a non-contact monitoring system (NCMSys) and of a tent-like device (“Charité Dome”, ChD), aimed to shelter PWD from the busy ED-environment. Further, effects of the ChD on wellbeing and agitation of PWD will be measured. METHODS Both devices were attached to patient’s bed. Tests on technical reliability and other safety issues of the NCMSys and the ChD were performed at the iDoc-institute. A feasibility study evaluating the reliability of the NCMSys with and without the ChD was performed in the real-life setting of an ED and on a geriatric-gerontopsychiatric ward. Technical reliability and other safety issues were tested with six healthy volunteers. For the feasibility study 19 patients were included (ten males and nine females; mean age: 77.4 (55-93) years of which 14 were PWD. PWD inclusion criteria were age ≥55 years, a dementia diagnosis as well as a written consent (by patients themselves or by a custodian). Exclusion criteria were acute life-threatening situations and a missing consent. RESULTS Heart rate, changes in movement and sound emissions were measured reliably by the NCMSys, whereas patient movements affected respiratory rate measurements. The ChD did not impact patients’ vital signs or movements in our study setting. However, 53% of the PWD (7/13) and most of the patients without dementia (4/5) benefited from its use regarding their agitation and overall wellbeing. CONCLUSIONS NCMSys and ChD work reliably in the clinical setting and have positive effects on agitation and wellbeing. The results of this feasibility study encourages prospective studies with longer durations to further evaluate this concept for monitoring and prevention of agitation in PWD in the ED. CLINICALTRIAL ICTRP: “Charité-Dome-Study - DRKS00014737”

scholarly journals The Use of Text Messaging to Improve Clinical Engagement for Individuals With Psychosis: Systematic Review (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica D'Arcey ◽  
Joanna Collaton ◽  
Nicole Kozloff ◽  
Aristotle N Voineskos ◽  
Sean A Kidd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Text Messaging ◽  
English Language ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Clinical Engagement ◽  
Safety Considerations ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Sms Text Messaging

BACKGROUND Individuals experiencing psychosis are at a disproportionate risk for premature disengagement from clinical treatment. Barriers to clinical engagement typically result from funding constraints causing limited access to and flexibility in services. Digital strategies, such as SMS text messaging, offer a low-cost alternative to potentially improve engagement. However, little is known about the efficacy of SMS text messaging in psychosis. OBJECTIVE This review aimed to address this gap, providing insights into the relationship between SMS text messaging and clinical engagement in the treatment of psychosis. METHODS Studies examining SMS text messaging as an engagement strategy in the treatment of psychosis were reviewed. Included studies were published from the year 2000 onward in the English language, with no methodological restrictions, and were identified using 3 core databases and gray literature sources. RESULTS Of the 233 studies extracted, 15 were eligible for inclusion. Most studies demonstrated the positive effects of SMS text messaging on dimensions of engagement such as medication adherence, clinic attendance, and therapeutic alliance. Studies examining the feasibility of SMS text messaging interventions found that they are safe, easy to use, and positively received. CONCLUSIONS Overall, SMS text messaging is a low-cost, practical method of improving engagement in the treatment of psychosis, although efficacy may vary by symptomology and personal characteristics. Cost-effectiveness and safety considerations were not adequately examined in the studies included. Future studies should consider personalizing SMS text messaging interventions and include cost and safety analyses to appraise readiness for implementation. CLINICALTRIAL

scholarly journals Pharmacotherapy in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

2021 ◽  
pp. 195-215
Author(s):  
Latha P. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Literature Search ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Surgical Practice ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Prescribed Medicines ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

AbstractThe field of pharmacology has always fascinated medical professionals—the ability to cure a disease by prescribing medicine is very tempting. Medical and surgical specialties benefit from the correct use of drugs, and oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) is no exception. Antibiotics, analgesics, and anti-inflammatory drugs are among commonly prescribed medicines in a maxillofacial surgical practice. Umpteen number of literature studies are available on the usage of these medicines in maxillofacial surgery. A review of literature is attempted in this chapter to reach a consensus in matters pertaining to these drugs. The task was in no way an easy one as no two studies compared the same group of medicines or similar pharmacological properties. The key facts, which have emerged from this literature search, have been projected in this chapter.

scholarly journals The Effect of Orthodontic Therapy on Periodontal Health: A Review of the Literature

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samah Alfuriji ◽  
Nora Alhazmi ◽  
Nasir Alhamlan ◽  
Ali Al-Ehaideb ◽  
Moatazbellah Alruwaithi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Reference Lists ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Letters To The Editor ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Orthodontic Therapy

Objectives.This review aims to evaluate the effect of orthodontic therapy on periodontal health.Data.Original articles that reported on the effect of orthodontic therapy on periodontal health were included. The reference lists of potentially relevant review articles were also sought.Sources.A literature search was conducted using the databases, Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases for relevant studies. The search was carried out by using a combined text and the MeSH search strategies: using the key words in different combinations: “periodontal disease,” “orthodontics” and “root resorption.” This was supplemented by hand-searching in peer-reviewed journals and cross-referenced with the articles accessed. Articles published only in English language were included. Letters to the Editor, historical reviews and unpublished articles were not sought.Conclusions.Within the limitations of the present literature review, it was observed that there is a very close inter-relationship between the periodontal health and the outcome of orthodontic therapy.

PP424 Piloting A Comprehensive Search For eHealth Definitions In The Grey Literature: Preliminary Results From A Systematic Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (S1) ◽  
pp. 36-36
Author(s):  
Zsombor Zrubka ◽  
Anita Burrell ◽  
Menna N Sharkawy ◽  
Colin M Pfeiffer ◽  
Manthan D Janodia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Original Definition ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Academic Publications ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Google Search ◽  
Methodological Guidelines

IntroductionThe use of information technology within health systems has emerged over the years and the current pandemic has further catalyzed this development. As a result, various definitions of eHealth have emerged. Our objective was to provide an overview of definitions available on the internet to complement the traditional (“white”) literature search.MethodsWe adapted methodological guidelines from the Cochrane Handbook and management sciences to mirror the search in bibliographic databases. A comprehensive Google search was performed in July 2020 to retrieve uniform resource locators (URL's) of webpages containing terms for eHealth within four words of synonyms for the word “definition”. The DataScraper extension of the Google Chrome browser was used to collect all URL's. Webpages were eligible if they contained an original or adopted English-language definition of eHealth or contained a direct link to a definition or a document containing a definition. All document types were eligible. The analysis was performed 7 months after the data collection.ResultsOut of the 270 unique URL's, 37 (13.7%) were no longer accessible and 51 (18.9%) were links to academic publications (“white” literature). The language was not English for five webpages (1.9%) and 113 (41.9%) did not contain a definition of eHealth or other related terms. Other related terms were defined in 29 webpages (10.7%), among which “electronic health record” occurred most frequently (18/29, 62.1%). eHealth was defined in 35 (13.0%) webpages, out of which 45.7 percent (16/35) cited an existing source and 54.3 percent (19/35) provided an original definition.ConclusionsThe digital era raises both challenges and opportunities in conducting a grey literature search. We found that an augmented Google-based search can identify valuable references that traditional literature searches cannot detect. Term definitions (and their context) found in the grey versus bibliographic databases will be compared to assess their alignment with health economists perspectives.

The Longitudinal Effects of School Improvement Grants

2021 ◽  
pp. 016237372110124
Author(s):  
Min Sun ◽  
Alec I. Kennedy ◽  
Susanna Loeb
Keyword(s):  
School Improvement ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Students Of Color ◽  
English Language ◽  
High School Graduation Rates ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
School Improvement Grants ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
State Test ◽  
Longitudinal Effects

School Improvement Grants (SIGs) exemplify a capacity-building investment to spur sustainable changes in America’s persistently lowest-performing schools and stimulate the economy. This study examines both short- and longer-term effects of the first two cohorts of SIG schools from four locations across the country. Dynamic difference-in-differences models show that SIGs’ effects on achievement in Grades 3 to 8, as measured by state test scores in math and English language arts, gradually increased over the three reform years and were largely sustained for 3 or 4 years afterward. Evidence on high school graduation rates, though less robust, also suggests SIGs had positive effects. SIGs’ effects on students of color and low-socioeconomic-status students were similar to or significantly larger than the overall effects.

A Review and Assessment of Drug-Induced Thrombocytosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 523-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quyen T. Vo ◽  
Dennis F. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Search Term ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Reactive Thrombocytosis ◽  
All Trans Retinoic Acid ◽  
Mesh Terms

Objectives: The purpose of this article is to review the current literature on drug-induced thrombocytosis with the goal of critically assessing causality and providing a comprehensive review of the topic. Thrombopoietic growth factors, such as thrombopoietin-receptor agonists (romiplostim and eltrombopag) and erythropoietin are not included in our review. Data Sources: The literature search included published articles limited to the English language and humans in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases. MEDLINE/PubMed (1966 to September 2018) was searched using the MeSH terms thrombocytosis/chemically-induced and thrombocytosis/etiology. EMBASE (1980 to September 2018) was searched using the EMTAGS thrombocytosis/side effect. Web of Science (1970 to September 2018) was searched using the search term thrombocytosis. References of all relevant articles were reviewed for additional citations and information. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Review articles, clinical trials, background data, case series, and case reports of drug-induced thrombocytosis were collected, and case reports were assessed for causality using a modified Naranjo nomogram. Data Synthesis: Drug-induced thrombocytosis, a form of reactive thrombocytosis cannot be easily differentiated from more common etiologies of reactive thrombocytosis. In all, 43 case reports of drug-induced thrombocytosis from a wide variety of drugs and drug classes were reviewed using a modified Naranjo probability scale that included criteria specific for thrombocytosis. Conclusions: Drug-induced thrombocytosis is a relatively rare adverse drug reaction. The strongest evidence of causality supports low-molecular-weight heparins and neonatal drug withdrawal. Weaker evidence exists for all-trans retinoic acid, antibiotics, clozapine, epinephrine, gemcitabine, and vinca alkaloids.

Are Reading Interventions for English Language Learners Effective? A Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caralyn Ludwig ◽  
Kan Guo ◽  
George K. Georgiou
Keyword(s):  
English Language Learners ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Reading Fluency ◽  
English Language ◽  
Reading Skills ◽  
Word Reading ◽  
Reading Interventions ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Reading Accuracy ◽  
Positive Effects

Despite concerted efforts to improve the reading skills of English language learners (ELLs), it remains unclear if the interventions they have been receiving produce any positive results. Thus, the purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine how effective reading interventions are in improving ELLs’ reading skills and what factors may influence their effectiveness. Twenty-six studies with reported outcomes for pretest and posttest were selected, and four moderators (group size, intensity of intervention, students’ risk status, and type of intervention) were coded. The results of random-effects analyses showed that the reading interventions had a large effect on ELLs’ reading accuracy ( d = 1.221) and reading fluency ( d = 0.802) and a moderate effect on reading comprehension ( d = 0.499). In addition, for real-word reading accuracy, intervention groups composed of more than five students were less effective than groups composed of two to five students, and longer intervention sessions were less effective than shorter ones. Overall, our findings suggest that reading interventions have positive effects on ELLs’ reading skills, and they should not be delayed until these students have reached a certain level of oral English proficiency.

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