scholarly journals THE PHENOMENON OF HAPPINESS IN EXISTENTIAL AND CHRISTIAN PSYCHOLOGY

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2(25)) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Nikita Anashkin
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Existential Psychology ◽  
General Psychology ◽  
Central Concept ◽  
Spiritual Dimension ◽  
Christian Anthropology ◽  
Human Need ◽  
Christian Psychology ◽  
Derivatives Of

The relevance of this topic is due to the need to understand the deep determinants of such a central concept for a person at all times as happiness. The human need for happiness is fundamental and is one of his main motives. Existential psychology is a field for research here because of its weighty philosophical, phenomenological support, which determines the qualitative depth of research into the content of a given concept. Christian — because it is based on general psychology, and also unreducedly approaches all dimensions of human nature, including the metaphysical (freedom, love, happiness — all these are concepts that presuppose the presence of a soul, the doctrine of which, with its spiritual dimension, is the center of Christian anthropology). It is also important that the representatives of these directions took into account and take into account the research of other derivatives of psychology. This circumstance makes it possible to more objectively and fully understand the laws of achieving happiness and its content.

Nietzsche

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
David Hume ◽  
Thomas Hobbes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Baruch Spinoza ◽  
Spiritual Dimension ◽  
Good And Evil ◽  
Genealogy Of Morals ◽  
Moral Philosophers

This chapter examines Friedrich Nietzsche's moral philosophy, first by explaining what makes him different from most of the other moral philosophers such as David Hume, Thomas Hobbes, the Greeks, and Baruch Spinoza. It then considers Nietzsche's notion of good and evil by addressing three questions: How do we find out what sort of creatures men are? How do we decide what sort of creature man ought to be? Is it possible for man to transform himself into that sort of creature. It also discusses the problem faced by Nietzsche in his attempts to assess human nature, namely: what is to count as health in the spiritual dimension, when is a soul diseased, what is mens sana. Finally, it analyzes the main arguments put forward by Nietzsche in his two books Beyond Good and Evil and The Genealogy of Morals.

Nemesius of Emesa on Human Nature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lloyd Dusenbury
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Christian Anthropology ◽  
European Universities ◽  
Modern Period

Nemesius of Emesa’s On Human Nature (De Natura Hominis) is the first Christian anthropology. Written in Greek, circa 390 CE, it was read in half a dozen languages—from Baghdad to Oxford—well into the early modern period. Nemesius’ text circulated in two Latin versions in the centuries that saw the rise of European universities, shaping scholastic theories of human nature. During the Renaissance, it saw a flurry of print editions, helping to inspire a new discourse of human dignity. This is the first monograph in English on Nemesius’ treatise. On the interpretation offered here, the Syrian bishop seeks to define the human qua human. His early Christian anthropology is cosmopolitan. ‘Things that are natural’, he writes, ‘are the same for all’. In his pages, a host of texts and discourses—biblical and medical, legal and philosophical—are made to converge upon a decisive tenet of Christian late antiquity: humans’ natural freedom. For Nemesius, reason and choice are a divine double-strand of powers. Since he believes that both are a natural human inheritance, he concludes that much is ‘in our power’. Nemesius defines humans as the only living beings who are at once ruler (intellect) and ruled (body). Because of this, the human is a ‘little world’, binding the rationality of angels to the flux of elements, the tranquillity of plants, and the impulsiveness of animals. This book traces Nemesius’ reasoning through the whole of On Human Nature, as he seeks to give a long-influential image of humankind both philosophical and anatomical proof.

Spiritual and Religious Sources of Indian Psychology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiran Kumar Keshavamurthy Salagame
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Transpersonal Psychology ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Spiritual Experiences ◽  
The West ◽  
Indian Psychology ◽  
Spiritual Dimension ◽  
Modern Psychology ◽  
Western Psychology

Indian psychology is a nascent discipline, although it has a history that dates back many millennia. It differs from Western psychology both in its subject matter and its methodology. Whereas Western psychology at present is still anchored in a material worldview and governed by a reductionist paradigm, Indian psychology is founded on the primacy of consciousness as revealed by spiritual experiences and supported by logic and reasoning. Mainstream Western psychology has yet to recognize and accept the spiritual dimension of human nature, though transpersonal psychology emerged in the West fifty years ago. Indian psychology has the potential to enlarge the scope of modern psychology, and Indian psychological thought has universal significance.

Symbolism of the Double as the Source F.M. Dostoevsky Dostoevsky's Artistic Anthropology

2021 ◽  
pp. 245-256
Author(s):  
Vitaliy Yu. Darenskiy
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Image Of God ◽  
Original Sin ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Inner Experience ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Special Mode ◽  
Christian Anthropology ◽  
Philosophical Interpretation ◽  
First Time

The article is devoted to the analysis of the Double symbolism as the source of personality metaphysics in the works of F.M. Dostoevsky. “The Double” novel is considered by the author as the paradigmatic text in which the principles of key images construction in the late novels of F.M. Dostoevsky were formed. The paper uses the ideas of A.A. Ukhtomsky and E.Ya. Golosovker, who proposed philosophical interpretation of the phenomenon of “duality”. “The Double” is viewed as the source of theology of personality in F.M. Dostoevsky’s works, since it was the first time that the figurative model of the struggle of personality and personality in a man, which most directly revealed the duality of his nature as the created image of God, was developed. The hero’s search for his inner “place” (topos of authenticity) and inner support in the confrontation between the “mask” and then the Double as its ultimate expression, is the main theme of the story. The duality of the “nature” of man, who is both the image and likeness of God, and carries the Original sin, is the traditional theological theme and the theme of Christian anthropology. However, no one developed this theme in fiction with such depth and completeness before F.M. Dostoevsky. “Duality” acts as a special mode of negative self-disclosure of personality by means of elimination of his external false identities. The struggle against the Double is the struggle of the true human nature against its damages by the Original sin. The corrupted nature stands out in the form of the masks of the Doubles, and the genuine nature is fighting them, searching in the soul the highest prototype. The masks are defeated only by positively overcoming them in the inner experience of man. The text of “The Double” is for the first time interpreted as “genre of dreams” and as special “initiation” text aimed at the internal transformation of the reader’s personality.

scholarly journals EVOLUCIJA POJMA STRATEGIJE IN NJEGOVO POVEZOVANJE S POLITIKO

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-28
Author(s):  
PAVEL VUK
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
The Political ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
Political Behaviour ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Human Need ◽  
Critical Approaches ◽  
Strategic Thought

V prispevku na podlagi zgodovinskega in kritičnega pristopa različnih pomembnejših teoretikov k razvoju strategije pojasnjujemo evolucijo pojma strategije, zlasti pa, zakaj in kako je njegov pomen povezan s človekovo naravo in tudi političnim vedenjem. Spoznanja raziskave kažejo dvoje, in sicer, da se je v zgodnjem zgodovinskem obdobju strategija snovala predvsem zaradi človekovih potreb po varnosti, v sodobni strateški misli, ko je ta potreba prerasla v širše politično vprašanje družbe, pa se je razumevanje strategije vse bolj povezovalo s politiko in njenim vplivom na proces oblikovanja in uresničevanja strategije. Ključne besede strategija, taktika, politika. Abstract Based on the historical and critical approaches of various important theorists to the development of strategy, this paper aims to explain the evolution of the concept of strategy, especially why and how its meaning is related to the human nature and the political behaviour. The research has shown two things. Firstly, that in the early historical period the strategy was designed mainly due to the human need for security, and, secondly, that in the modern strategic thought when these needs grew into a broader political issue of the society, the understanding of strategy was increasingly being related to the politics and its impact on the design and implementation of strategy. Key words strategy, tactics, politics.

The Spiritual Dimension of the Breakdown

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-49
Author(s):  
Bruce Ledewitz
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Public Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Death Of God ◽  
Spiritual Dimension ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Secular Society ◽  
Historical Cycles

The usual explanations of the breakdown in American public life fail to account for our current condition. They do, however, point to an underlying national spiritual crisis. The economy has not actually performed that badly. Big money is not that influential. The pathologies of social media are symptoms of our problems, not sources. Even racism is only a part of our national distress. Both sides claim the unreasonableness of the other side is the problem. These opponents have weakened the institutions of government. Some observers have given up trying to explain our condition, pointing to human nature, when human nature should be constant, or to historical cycles that simply occur. Our crisis is part of the failure of the Enlightenment and capitalism to sustain meaningful human life in secular society. The problem is the Death of God.

Reinhold Niebuhr: The law of love and the omnipresence of power

2021 ◽  
pp. 175508822098588
Author(s):  
David Clinton
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Human Heart ◽  
Public Intellectual ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Human History ◽  
Reinhold Niebuhr ◽  
Human Need ◽  
The Law ◽  
Realist View

The twentieth-century theologian and public intellectual Reinhold Niebuhr frequently employed a formulation confounding to his readers, simultaneously appealing to the loftiest altruism as summed up in his identification of the “law of love” and compelling attention to the grittiest realism as encapsulated in his recognition of a universal struggle for power. This sharp contrast was no careless error on Niebuhr’s part, but rather an insistence on describing in the most sharply contrasting tones the paradoxical character of human nature. In his Christian Realist view fear and a consequent desire for power over others to protect oneself are inescapable components of human existence within history. The human need for community and refusal to be satisfied with anything less than devotion to the wellbeing of others unsullied by self-love are nevertheless also implanted in the human heart, which recognizes that reality extends beyond human history. Niebuhr demanded attention to both.

Equality and Human Need

1977 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 983-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin Zetterbaum
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Political Obligation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Human Need ◽  
In Virtue Of

This paper has the twofold purpose of exploring how and whether it may be said that value arises from human need and, in particular, how the value of equality may arise from an alleged human need for recognition. It traces two opposite dispositions toward recognition, one seeing it as destructive of the minimum conditions for political life, the other viewing it as the principal agency through which men achieve their humanity. The concept of a basic human need is then exposed to the criticism of “social apperception,” which apparently renders meaningless the concept altogether. Nevertheless, two “faces” of recognition are explored – one affirming that common human nature in virtue of which all men are said to be equal, and the other, affirming the concrete specificity of each individual. The paper concludes by arguing that this second aspect of the drive for recognition, which is viewed by some as the primary political obligation, is actually not a legitimate aspiration of political life.

scholarly journals Trinitarian Anthropology

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-249
Author(s):  
J Theron
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Christian Anthropology ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Trinity ◽  
Constitutive Element

This article looks at the problem of the so-called “point of contact” between God and mankind, or more particularly, the relation between trinity and anthropology. Does Christian anthropology develop from the doctrine on creation, the human nature of Christ or the work of the Holy Spirit? In opposition to the current trinitarian perspectives on humanity, which mainly focus on relational similitude, the theology of the Dutch theologian, Oepke Noordmans critically resists any attempt at finding analogies between the trinity and humanity. According to him, creation is judgment of God, which has critical implications for any independent anthropology: There is no perpetuation of the incarnation in our humanity, church or liturgy after the resurrection, and the re-creative work of the Spirit does not have a point of contact with any constitutive element in our humanity. The judgment of the cross reaches from creation across history to recreation.

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