A letter rogatory as one of the forms of obtaining information important in Choosing a criminally effective preventive measure

2021 ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
Vadim Ralifovich Akhmetgaleev
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Effective Preventive Measure

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Face Coverings in Mitigating the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3666
Author(s):  
Olukayode James Ayodeji ◽  
Seshadri Ramkumar
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
District Of Columbia ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Protective Measure ◽  
Sharp Change ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Challenges ◽  
Effective Preventive Measure

The COVID-19 pandemic has been one of the biggest public health challenges of the 21st century. Many prevalent measures have been taken to prevent its spread and protect the public. However, the use of face coverings as an effective preventive measure remains contentious. The goal of the current study is to evaluate the effectiveness of face coverings as a protective measure. We examined the effectiveness of face coverings between 1 April and 31 December 2020. This was accomplished by analyzing trends of daily new COVID-19 cases, cumulative confirmed cases, and cases per 100,000 people in different U.S. states, including the District of Columbia. The results indicated a sharp change in trends after face covering mandates. For the 32 states with face covering mandates, 63% and 66% exhibited a downward trend in confirmed cases within 21 and 28 days of implementation, respectively. We estimated that face covering mandates in the 32 states prevented approximately 78,571 and 109,703 cases within 21- and 28-day periods post face covering mandate, respectively. A statistically significant (p = 0.001) negative correlation (−0.54) was observed between the rate of cases and days since the adoption of a face covering mandate. We concluded that the use of face coverings can provide necessary protection if they are properly used.

scholarly journals MENCEGAH STUNTING DALAM UPAYA MENGOPTIMALKAN PENGASUHAN SERIBU HARI PERTAMA KEHIDUPAN (HPK) DI MASA COVID-19 DESA PONDOKNONGKO KECAMATAN KABAT KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-268
Author(s):  
Ansari ◽  
Ina Rotul Ummah ◽  
Tina Kustrianingsih ◽  
Rika Raudotul Jannah
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Effective Preventive Measure

Stunting is a problem that occurs in infants who are chronically malnourished and results in slow growth and development of babies, so it takes care by giving the first 1000 days of life to the baby. Methods of socialization and education of stunting prevention by optimizing the provision of nutrient intake to families or mothers who have babies by providing nutritional intervention specifically to infants who have been programmed to children aged 0-12 months, and children's mothers 13-24 months, because it is the most effective preventive measure on belita. In terms of stunting prevention, there has been a lot of innovation and progress from the central government, local governments, and all sectors of society.

Outbreaks of Group A Streptococcal Abscesses Following Diphtheria-Tetanus Toxoid-Pertussis Vaccination

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-303
Author(s):  
Harrison C. Stetler ◽  
Paul L. Garbe ◽  
Diane M. Dwyer ◽  
Richard R. Facklam ◽  
Walter A. Orenstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tetanus Toxoid ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Careful Attention ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sterile Technique ◽  
Group A ◽  
Dtp Vaccine ◽  
Effective Preventive Measure

Two outbreaks of group A streptococcal abscesses following receipt of diphtheria-tetanus toxoid-pertussis (DTP) vaccine from different manufacturers were reported to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in 1982. The clustering of the immunization times of cases, the isolation of the same serotype of Streptococcus from all cases in each outbreak, and the absence of reported abscesses associated with receipt of the same lots of vaccine in other regions of the country, suggest that each outbreak was probably caused by contamination of a single 15-dose vial of vaccine. The preservative thimerosal was present within acceptable limits in unopened vials from the same lot of DTP vaccine in each outbreak. Challenge studies indicate that a strain of Streptococcus from one of the patients can survive up to 15 days in DTP vaccine at 4°C. Contamination of vials during manufacturing would have required survival of streptococci for a minimum of 8 months. Preservatives in multidose vaccine vials do not prevent short-term bacterial contamination. Options to prevent further clusters of streptococcal abscesses are discussed. The only feasible and cost-effective preventive measure now available is careful attention to sterile technique when administering vaccine from multidose vials.

The Effects of Hurricane Mitch on a Community in Northern Honduras

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.K. Guill ◽  
W.X. Shandera
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Hurricane Mitch ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Reduced Frequency ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Access To Medical Care ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
Effective Preventive Measure

AbstractIntroduction:Hurricane Mitch was an event described as one of the most damaging recent natural disasters in our hemisphere. This study examined its effects on a community of 5,000 residents in northern Honduras.Methods:Survey responses of 110 attendants at an ambulatory clinic 4 months after the event were analyzed. Correlates were established between demographic and housing characteristics and morbidity and mortality.Results:The availability of food, water, and medical care decreased significantly immediately after the hurricane, but by four months afterward returned to baseline values. Residents reported emotional distress correlated with the loss of a house or intrafamilial illness or mortality. Diarrheal illnesses more commonly were found in households with poor, chronic access to medical care. The use of cement block housing correlated with availability of food or running water, with access to medical care and vaccinations, and with a reduced frequency of diarrhea or headaches in the immediate post-hurricane phase.Conclusions:Improvements in housing construction appear to be the most effective preventive measure for withstanding the effects of future hurricanes in tropical regions similar to northern Honduras.

Consultation with the Specialist

1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 423-423
Author(s):  
Ronald L. Poland
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
The World ◽  
Effective Preventive Measure

Routine eye prophylaxis for newborn infants against gonococcal ophthalmia is a standard procedure in perinatal centers around the world. Gonococcal ophthalmia is a purulent eye disease that has its usual onset between the second and fifth days of life. Prior to the introduction of routine eye prophylaxis, it was a common cause of blindness in infancy. The use of 1% silver nitrate drops as prophylaxis against gonococcal ophthalmia soon after birth has reduced its incidence in the United States to less than 0.03% of infants. The success of 1% silver nitrate prophylaxis depends somewhat on the use of proper technique. Each eyelid is wiped gently with sterile cotton prior to administration of the agent. Two drops of the solution are introduced into each conjunctival sac and not rinsed out; rinsing has been shown to reduce effectiveness. Because of the successful introduction of silver nitrate prophylaxis, Neisseria gonorrheae is no longer the most common infectious cause of conjunctivitis in newborn infants. Although silver nitrate prophylaxis is a highly effective preventive measure, it has its drawbacks—primarily in the form of chemical conjunctivitis. Chemical conjunctivitis is a nonpurulent inflammation of the eye, with 1) swelling and a watery discharge occurring within several hours of instilling 1% silver nitrate, 2) a maximum inflammatory response around 48 hours, and 3) clearing by the fourth day in the absence of secondary infection.

scholarly journals La pupilometría en el socorrismo acuático profesional: la vigilancia como factor determinante del ahogamiento (The use of pupillometry in aquatic lifesaving: vigilance as a key factor in drowning)

Retos ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 571-577
Author(s):  
Sergio López García ◽  
María Inmaculada Martín Villar ◽  
José Antonio Navia Manzano ◽  
José Enrique Moral García ◽  
Mario Amatria Jiménez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Effective Preventive Measure

Una de las causas de muerte significativa en el mundo actual es el ahogamiento por sumersión, la medida preventiva más eficaz es la figura del socorrista acuático, destacando tres funciones principales: prevención, vigilancia e intervención. Un aspecto importante de la vigilancia es el escaneo, siendo escasos los estudios científicos en el método de ejecutarlo. Centrándonos en la disposición psicológica de vigilar, abarca dos acciones entrelazadas: percibir y responder. La percepción es indispensable para la acción, entre ambas está la toma de decisión. Percibiendo, el ojo realiza movimientos oculares habiendo vinculación entre ellos y el proceso de toma de decisión pasando a ser objeto observable y medible con la pupilometría. De este modo, por medio de la pupilometría podrían descubrirse los aspectos que entraña la vigilancia con el objetivo de prevenir de forma más eficaz el ahogamiento. Por tanto, el objetivo del presente trabajo ha sido organizar y analizar la literatura científica en términos de vigilancia y percepción en socorrismo acuático.Abstract. One of the most important causes of death nowadays is drowning by submersion. Aquatic lifeguards are considered the most effective preventive measure. Lifeguards are entrusted with three main functions: prevention, surveillance, and intervention. One of the most important aspects of surveillance is scanning. However, there are few studies that focus on how to perform it. The psychological aptitude to watch involves two interlocked actions: perceiving and responding. Perception is essential for action, but between both is decision-making. In the action of perceiving, eyes perform eye movements which have a link to the cognitive process of decision making. Eye movements became observable and measurable with the birth of pupilometry. In this way, pupilomety might help to study the links involved in surveillance in order to prevent drowning more effectively. Thus, the aim of this study was to organize and analyze scientific literature in terms of surveillance and perception in lifesaving.

scholarly journals IMMUNOPROPHYLAXIS OFVIRAL HEPATITIS "B"IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4(73)) ◽  
pp. 17-19
Author(s):  
G. K. Kazbekova ◽  
D.S. Tupenova ◽  
B. S. Malgazhdarova
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Viral Hepatitis B ◽  
Preventive Vaccination ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Effective Preventive Measure

In article presented effectiveness of conducted vaccine prevention of viral hepatitis “B” in Republic of Kazakhstan, decreasing of level of morbidity by viral hepatitis, disability because of viral hepatitis against the background of vaccination. Vaccination against hepatitis “B” is known to be an effective preventive measure. According to the program of preventive vaccination in our republic the practical use of hepatitis “B” vaccine allowed us to achieve significant in the fight against this infection.Hepatitis “B” is a priority public health problem worldwide, which is associated with a highinfection of the population with the virus, leading to dire consequencesю.

scholarly journals Surveillance of paediatric exposures to liquid laundry detergent pods in Italy

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Settimi ◽  
Felice Giordano ◽  
Laura Lauria ◽  
Anna Celentano ◽  
Fabrizio Sesana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Laundry Detergent ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Poison Control ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Laundry Detergents ◽  
High Severity ◽  
Liquid Laundry Detergent ◽  
Effective Preventive Measure ◽  
Over Time

ObjectiveTo analyse paediatric exposures to pod and traditional laundry detergents in Italy and changes in exposure trends.MethodsAnalyses of a series of patients aged <5 years and exposed to laundry detergents between September 2010 and June 2015, identified by the National Poison Control in Milan.ResultsIn comparison with patients exposed to traditional laundry detergents (n=1150), a higher proportion of those exposed to pods (n=1649) were managed in hospital (68% vs 42%), had clinical effects (75% vs 22%) and moderate/high severity outcomes (13% vs <1%). Exposure rates were stable over time for traditional detergents (average 0.65 cases/day), but an abrupt decline in major company pods was seen in December 2012, 4 months after the introduction of opaque outer packaging (from 1.03 to 0.36 cases/day and from 1.88 to 0.86 cases/million units sold). The odds of clinical effects was higher for exposure to pods than for traditional detergents (OR=10.8; 95% CI 9.0 to 12.9). Among patients exposed to pods, the odds of moderate/high severity outcomes was four times higher for children aged <1 years than for the other age groups (OR=3.9; 95% CI 2.2 to 7.0). Ten children exposed to laundry detergent pods had high severity outcomes while no children exposed to traditional laundry detergents developed high severity effects.ConclusionsThe study confirms that exposure to laundry detergent pods is more dangerous than exposure to traditional detergents. In Italy, 4 months after the introduction of opaque outer packaging by a major company, product-specific exposure rates decreased sharply, suggesting that reducing visibility of laundry detergent pods may be an effective preventive measure. Further efforts are needed to improve safety.

scholarly journals Influenza vaccination dilemmas

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Zarema Obradovic ◽  
Amina Obradović ◽  
Arzija Pašalić
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Epidemic Disease ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The World ◽  
Sporadic Disease ◽  
Effective Preventive Measure

Influenza is one of the most common respiratory diseases in the world, annually causing over one million of deaths. It is triggered by one of the types of influenza viruses (A, B or C). Most usually, it assumes the form of epidemic disease, sometimes it is a pandemic, and is very rare as a sporadic disease. In temperate zones, the influenza occurs seasonally - during the cold months of a year. In tropics, however, it occurs throughout the year, though the highest number of patients is registered during the rainy seasons. Influenza is a mild disease for young and healthy persons; however, if affecting those with a weakened immune system, it can lead to complications and even to death. The only effective preventive measure is vaccination, which precludes the disease. So far, no consensus is reached on whether the vaccination should be compulsory or recommended and who should be vaccinated. In most European countries, vaccination is recommended for certain categories of the population, while the United States recommend it to the entire population above six months of age.

scholarly journals Perceptions towards COVID-19 Vaccines and Willingness to Vaccinate in Nepal

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1448
Author(s):  
Deepak Subedi ◽  
Saurav Pantha ◽  
Sanju Subedi ◽  
Anil Gautam ◽  
Asmita Gaire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
University Level ◽  
Effective Preventive Measure

Vaccination is the most effective preventive measure of COVID-19 available at present, but its success depends on the global accessibility of vaccines and the willingness of people to be vaccinated. As the vaccination rollouts are increasing worldwide, it is important to assess public perception and willingness towards vaccination, so that the aim of mass vaccination will be successful. This study aimed to understand public perception towards COVID-19 vaccines and their willingness to get vaccinated in Nepal. This cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 1196 residents of Nepal in August 2021; most of the participants of this online survey were young adults (18–47 years) with university-level education. A total of 64.5% (771/1196) of the participants perceived COVID-19 vaccines to be safe and risk-free, while 68.6% (820/1196) agreed that vaccination would be efficient in the fight against this pandemic. Most of the participants (841/1196, 70.3%) disagreed that people are getting COVID-19 vaccines easily in Nepal, while they agree with the prioritization of older adults and healthcare workers for vaccination. A total of 61.1% (731/1196) of the participants had received at least one dose of the vaccine. Among the unvaccinated, 93.3% (434/465) were willing to get vaccinated when their turn came. The higher confidence of younger adults in vaccines and the vaccination process is encouraging, as that can help educate others who are hesitant or are not positive towards the idea of receiving vaccines. Dissemination of correct and current information, acquisition of enough doses of vaccines, and equitable distribution of vaccines will be required to achieve successful completion of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign in Nepal.

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