Minerals in Foodstuffs : Aluminium in foodstuffs

The paper deals with questions of aluminium, which concentration can be significant in plants, although it is not an essential element. The concentration of aluminium of tea leaves is extremely high. The concentration of aluminium of plants strongly depends on the pH-value of the soil, if the level of acidity in the soil is high, the Al-content of the soil-solution is also high, causing P-deficiency for plants. The intake of aluminium of the humans is a function of the ratio of consumption of plant and animal origin foodstuffs. The aluminium content of animal origin foodstuffs – because of low level absorption rate of aluminium is rather low – so the concentration range of milk of aluminium is low. After the macroelements the aluminium is the metallic micro element which it’s daily intake generally the highest in the human diet, approximately between 30 and 50 mg. The too high aluminium uptake in the diet can produce various healthy disorders in the human body, and probably there is a connection between Al-intake and Alzheimer-disease and the old age dementia, as well (The association between aluminium uptake and Alzheimer’s disease is disputed by several sources in the literature; the Editor).

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MONITORING OF ACTUAL STATUS AND DEVELOPMENT OF ACTIVE ALUMINIUM IN SOILS IN SLOVAKIA

Agriculture (Pol nohospodárstvo) ◽

10.2478/agri-2013-0016 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 59 (4) ◽

pp. 178-184

Author(s):

Jarmila Makovníková ◽

Jozef Kobza

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Soils ◽

Ph Value ◽

Arable Land ◽

Soil Reaction ◽

Aluminium Content ◽

Exchangeable Cation ◽

Permanent Grassland ◽

Average Value ◽

Al Content ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Active aluminium contents in agricultural soils of Slovakia were evaluated in the frame of partial-monitoring system - soil. The soil samples were taken in 5 years regular intervals from depths of 0-0.10 and 0.35-0.45 m. In the dry homogenised samples, soil reaction (pH in CaCl2), exchangeable cation Ca2+ and active Al content by Sokolov (soil is extracted with 1 N KCl and Al is precipitated with NaF) in the samples with pH value lower than 6.0 were measured. Active Al content was in the range 0.10-684.0 mg/kg with the average value 59.28 mg/kg and median value 8.30 mg/kg in the depth 0-0.10 m. In the depth 0.35-0.45 m, the average value was 59.30 mg/kg and the median value was 9.00 mg/kg. Significant differences in average and median values between the arable land and permanent grassland are determined as a consequence of the relationship between soil quality and its use. The increase in the active aluminium content (between first and last monitoring cycles) was determined in the group Podzols, Lithic Leptosols used as the permanent grassland as well as in the group Cambisols on the crystalline rocks and in the group Fluvisols used as arable land.

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The significance of the aluminium content of a lizardite at the nanoscale: the role of clinochlore as an aluminium sink

Mineralogical Magazine ◽

10.1180/minmag.2008.072.3.817 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 72 (3) ◽

pp. 817-825 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

G. Cressey ◽

B. A. Cressey ◽

F. J. Wicks

Keyword(s):

Essential Element ◽

Nucleation And Growth ◽

Careful Examination ◽

Aluminium Content ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Al Content ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Coupled Substitution

AbstractLizardite-1T crystals from Gew-graze at the Lizard, Cornwall, of an apparent composition (Mg2.94Fe0.03Al0.03)(Si1.97Al0.03)05(OH)4, have been observed to contain 2–5% of thin interstratifications of clinochlore when investigated by analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The clinochlore is usually only a few unit layers thick but has an extensive lateral dimension parallel to the lizardite layers. Analytical TEM confirms the existence of very low-Al lizardite with a planar structure interstratified with occasional thin units of clinochlore containing substantial Al. Compositionally, such clinochlore (invisible by X-ray diffraction) interstratified throughout the lizardite crystals, could account for most of the Al present. We suggest that an occasional influx of Al causes the nucleation and growth of clinochlore at the expense of lizardite. The possibility of clinochlore contributing to the measured Al content in lizardite samples highlights the need for future investigations of Al-bearing serpentines to include careful examination and interpretation using imaging and analysis by TEM.It has crept into serpentine discussions that lizardite cannot form without the coupled substitution of Al to relieve the misfit between the sheets of octahedra and tetrahedra. The lizardite at Gew-graze is almost Al-free, forms well-crystallized planar crystals and demonstrates that Al is not an essential element for lizardite crystallization.

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Hydrotalcite Formed by Alteration of R7T7 Nuclear Waste Glass and Basaltic Glass in Salt Brine at 190°C

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-333-513 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 333 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. Abdelouas ◽

J. L. Crovisier ◽

W. Lutze ◽

R. Müller ◽

W. Bernotat

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Waste ◽

Waste Glass ◽

Aluminium Content ◽

Basaltic Glass ◽

Alteration Product ◽

Nuclear Waste Glass ◽

Salt Brine ◽

High Aluminium ◽

Early Alteration

ABSTRACTThe R7T7 and synthetic basaltic glasses were submitted to corrosion in a saline MgCl2dominated solution at 190°C. For both glasses, the early alteration product is a hydrotalcite-like compound in which HPO42-, SO4-2and Cl-substitutes to CO32. The measured d003spacing is 7.68 Å for the hydrotalcite formed from R7T7 glass and 7.62 Å for the hydrotalcite formed from basaltic glass which reflect the high aluminium content. Chemical microanalyses show that the hydrotalcite is subsequently covered by a silica-rich gel which evolves into saponite after few months.

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Characteristics of Graphite Precipitates in Aluminium Cast Iron Treated with Cerium Mixture

Archives of Foundry Engineering ◽

10.1515/afe-2015-0017 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 93-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. S. Soiński ◽

A. Jakubus ◽

K. Skurka

Keyword(s):

Cast Iron ◽

Silicon Content ◽

Unit Area ◽

Manganese Content ◽

Aluminium Content ◽

Al Content ◽

Compact Graphite ◽

Image Analyser ◽

Average Size ◽

Area Percentage

Abstract The work determined the influence of aluminium in the amount from about 1% to about 7% on the graphite precipitates in cast iron with relatively high silicon content (3.4% to 3.90%) and low manganese content (about 0.1%). The cast iron was spheroidized with cerium mixture and graphitized with ferrosilicon. The performed treatment resulted in occurring of compact graphite precipitates, mainly nodular and vermicular, of various size. The following parameters were determined: the area percentage occupied by graphite, perimeters of graphite precipitates per unit area, and the number of graphite precipitates per unit area. The examinations were performed by means of computer image analyser, taking into account four classes of shape factor. It was found that as the aluminium content in cast iron increases from about 1.1% to about 3.4%, the number of graphite precipitates rises from about 700 to about 1000 per square mm. For higher Al content (4.2% to 6.8%) this number falls within the range of 1300 - 1500 precipitates/mm2. The degree of cast iron spheroidization increases with an increase in aluminium content within the examined range, though when Al content exceeds about 2.8%, the area occupied by graphite decreases. The average size of graphite precipitates is equal to 11-15 μm in cast iron containing aluminium in the quantity from about 1.1% to about 3.4%, and for higher Al content it decreases to about 6 μm.

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Contribution of Animal Origin Foods in the Human Diet

Animal Sourced Foods for Developing Economies ◽

10.1201/9780429398575-2 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 21-41

Author(s):

Amna Sahar ◽

Ubaid ur Rahman

Keyword(s):

Animal Origin ◽

Human Diet ◽

Animal Origin Foods

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Importance of knowledge on lipid composition of foods to support development towards consumption of higher levels of n-3 fatty acids via freshwater fish

Physiological Research ◽

10.33549/physiolres.931857 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. S39-S45

Author(s):

J Pickova

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Freshwater Fish ◽

Central Europe ◽

Lipid Composition ◽

Normal Development ◽

Fat Content ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Product Label ◽

Human Diet ◽

Lack Of Information

The need of better labelling of fats in processed animal origin products is urgent. The lack of information makes it possible to exclude n-3 fatty acids in preparations of foods. The higher fat content, the higher n-6/n-3 ratio seems to be a rule. It is desirable to broaden the labelling into which oils have been used when foods are processed. The dietary balance of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids is important for homeostasis and normal development in humans. The ratio between n-6/n-3 fatty acids suggested to be evolutionary developed is between 1 and 4. The main conclusion is that the fat sources used during processing and preparation of convenient foods have the largest impact on the food FA content and composition. A proposal is therefore that this should be declared on the product label especially the n-3 FA content. It is also of large importance to increase consumption of freshwater fish fed suitable feeds containing n-3 fatty acids in central Europe to enable a generally lower n-6/n-3 ratio in the human diet. Therefore optimizing feeds to freshwater fish in culture is urgent and important.

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Combining Selenium Biofortification with Vermicompost Growing Media in Lamb’s Lettuce (Valerianella locusta L. Laterr)

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11111072 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 1072

Author(s):

Lucija Galić ◽

Marija Špoljarević ◽

Alicja Auriga ◽

Boris Ravnjak ◽

Tomislav Vinković ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Waste ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Leafy Vegetables ◽

Sodium Selenate ◽

Human Populations ◽

Human Diet ◽

Growing Media ◽

Plant Foods ◽

Growing Medium

Leafy vegetables are a daily part of the human diet all over the world. At the same time, a worldwide problem of Se malnutrition is present in human populations, mostly due to low soil Se contents. As plants represent the main source of this element in the human diet, with Se being an essential trace element for humans and animals, plant foods containing Se can be used as an efficient means of increasing the Se in the human diet, as well as in animal feed (biofortification). At the same time, the production of growing media relies on limited peat reserves. The use of earthworms facilitates the production of composted organic masses mostly consisting of organic waste, called vermicompost. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of three different growing media (commercial peat media, vermicompost, and a 1:1 mixture) on Se biofortification’s efficacy and yield in lamb’s lettuce. The Se biofortification was performed with sodium selenate (Na2SeO4). It was shown that biofortification increased the Se contents such that a mass of only 48.9 g of fresh leaves contained enough Se for the recommended daily intake in human nutrition (55 µg Se/day), which represents a significant potential for solving Se malnutrition. Furthermore, the use of a 1:1 vermicompost–commercial substrate mixture showed a similar performance to the peat growing medium, contributing to the preservation of peat reserves.

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Heavy Metals Contamination in Shellfish: Benefit-Risk Evaluation in Central Italy

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9111720 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1720

Author(s):

Francesca Barchiesi ◽

Raffaella Branciari ◽

Mario Latini ◽

Rossana Roila ◽

Giuseppe Lediani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Evaluation ◽

Sea Urchins ◽

Central Italy ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Italian Population ◽

Bivalve Mollusks ◽

Human Diet ◽

Consumption Benefit ◽

Italian Coasts ◽

Cadmium Lead

Seafood is a source of nutrients in human diet but also of environmental contaminants and its consumption could pose a risk to consumers’ health. A survey regarding the exposure to cadmium, lead and mercury through the consumption of bivalve mollusks, gastropods and sea urchins collected on Italian coasts was carried out among central Italian population over a period of three years. A limited number of samples exceeds the threshold set by legislation (6 samples) and the average level of contamination was low in all the species considered. The contribution Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) was higher for cadmium (9.17%) than lead (1.44%) and mercury (0.20%). The benefit-risk evaluation suggests that the bivalve mollusks and sea urchins consumption (Benefit Risk Quotient < 1) could be increased without health detrimental effects.

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Grape Pomace: A Potential Ingredient for the Human Diet

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9121772 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1772

Author(s):

Paula Pereira ◽

Carla Palma ◽

Cíntia Ferreira-Pêgo ◽

Olga Amaral ◽

Anabela Amaral ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Industrial Production ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Essential Element ◽

Grape Pomace ◽

Human Nutrition ◽

Arsenic Content ◽

Nutrition And Health ◽

Human Diet ◽

Potential Use

The industrial production of wine generates annually tons of waste that can and must be properly reused to reduce its polluting load ad increase the availability of passive ingredients to be used in human nutrition. Grape pomace, a by-product of winemaking, beyond being of nutritional value is a bioactive source with high potential value and benefits for human health. Having as main goal the preliminary perception of the potential use of this by-product, the aim of this study was the characterization of eight different grape pomaces. In this sense, ash content, relative ash, moisture, pH, microorganisms, metals (Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn), and semi-metal (As) were reported. The parameter that limits the daily amount ingested of this product is its arsenic content, a non-essential element that belongs to the group of semi-metal. Considering the obtained results and in the light of the restrictions imposed through the legislation in regulations set by the European Commission, the inclusion of grape pomace in the industrial production of foodstuffs could be a step towards the future of human nutrition and health.

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