Fashion informatics and the network of fashion knockoffs

First Monday ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Copeland ◽  
Giovanni Luca Ciampaglia ◽  
Li Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Discovery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Multimedia Data ◽  
Fashion Industry ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Computer Scientists ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fashion Apparel ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

Knowledge discovery techniques have a long history of application to fields of practice such as marketing and business intelligence. Fashion and other manufacturing compartments have comparably enjoyed little attention from computer scientists. With the increasing availability of multimedia data from the Web and social media, our understanding of the fashion apparel industry could be significantly enhanced through the use of knowledge discovery methods and of large scale datasets obtained from places such as Twitter and Instagram. Here, we are interested in one of the issues at the center of the contemporary structure and dynamics of the fashion industry: the practice of knockoffs. We combine Web scraping and network science techniques to give a preliminary characterization of how brands knock designs off each other. Such a study could be one of the first examples of an emergent field, which we refer to and define as “fashion informatics.”

scholarly journals Shedding new light on opsin evolution

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1726) ◽  
pp. 3-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan L. Porter ◽  
Joseph R. Blasic ◽  
Michael J. Bok ◽  
Evan G. Cameron ◽  
Thomas Pringle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
History Of ◽  
Functional Features

Opsin proteins are essential molecules in mediating the ability of animals to detect and use light for diverse biological functions. Therefore, understanding the evolutionary history of opsins is key to understanding the evolution of light detection and photoreception in animals. As genomic data have appeared and rapidly expanded in quantity, it has become possible to analyse opsins that functionally and histologically are less well characterized, and thus to examine opsin evolution strictly from a genetic perspective. We have incorporated these new data into a large-scale, genome-based analysis of opsin evolution. We use an extensive phylogeny of currently known opsin sequence diversity as a foundation for examining the evolutionary distributions of key functional features within the opsin clade. This new analysis illustrates the lability of opsin protein-expression patterns, site-specific functionality (i.e. counterion position) and G-protein binding interactions. Further, it demonstrates the limitations of current model organisms, and highlights the need for further characterization of many of the opsin sequence groups with unknown function.

scholarly journals Virulence Characterization of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici Using a New Set of Yr Single-Gene Line Differentials in the United States in 2010

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 1534-1542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anmin Wan ◽  
Xianming Chen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici causes stripe rust (yellow rust) of wheat and is highly variable in virulence toward wheat with race-specific resistance. During 2010, wheat stripe rust was the most widespread in the recorded history of the United States, resulting in large-scale application of fungicides and substantial yield loss. A new differential set with 18 yellow rust (Yr) single-gene lines was established and used to differentiate races of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici, which were named as race PSTv in distinction from the PST races identified in the past. An octal system was used to describe the virulence and avirulence patterns of the PSTv races. From 348 viable P. striiformis f. sp. tritici isolates recovered from a total of 381 wheat and grass stripe rust samples collected in 24 states, 41 races, named PSTv-1 to PSTv-41, were identified using the new set of 18 Yr single-gene differentials, and their equivalent PST race names were determined on the previous set of 20 wheat cultivar differentials. The frequencies and distributions of the races and their virulences were determined. The five most predominant races were PSTv-37 (34.5%), PSTv-11 (17.5%), PSTv-14 (7.2%), PSTv-36 (5.2%), and PSTv-34 (4.9%). PSTv-37 was distributed throughout the country while PSTv-11 and PSTv-14 were almost restricted to states west of the Rocky Mountains. The races had virulence to 0 to 13 of the 18 Yr genes. Frequencies of virulences toward resistance genes Yr6, Yr7, Yr8, Yr9, Yr17, Yr27, Yr43, Yr44, YrTr1, and YrExp2 were high (67.0 to 93.7%); those to Yr1 (32.8%) and YrTye (31.3%) were moderate; and those to Yr10, Yr24, Yr32, and YrSP were low (3.4 to 5.7%). All of the isolates were avirulent to Yr5 and Yr15.

scholarly journals Functional synapse types via characterization of short-term synaptic plasticity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Hoon Lee ◽  
Luke Campagnola ◽  
Stephanie C. Seeman ◽  
Tim Jarsky ◽  
Stefan Mihalas
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Brain Science ◽  
Short Term Plasticity ◽  
Synaptic Physiology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Experimental Protocols ◽  
Network Simulations ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

AbstractThe strengths of synaptic connections dynamically change depending on the history of synaptic events, which is referred to as short-term plasticity (STP). While STP’s underlying mechanisms are well researched, its exact functions remain poorly understood. This is in part due to the diverse patterns of STP experimentally reported. Recently, the Allen Institute for Brain Science has launched the synaptic physiology pipeline to characterize the diverse properties of synapses. Since this pipeline generates a large-scale survey of synapses in mouse primary visual cortex using highly standardized experimental protocols, it provides a unique opportunity to study diverse patterns of STP. Here, we develop an end-to-end workflow that can characterize STP from the Allen Institute for Brain Science pipeline data and conduct network simulations to infer STP’s functions. Employing this workflow, we find 1) that diverse patterns of STP exist even in the same synapse classes and 2) that postsynaptic neurons’ responses have distinct characteristics depending on STP.

scholarly journals The Work of Art in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: What Artists Can Teach Us About the Ethics of Data Practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 442-455
Author(s):  
Luke Stark ◽  
Kate Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Critical Distance ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Data Ethics ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Data Practices ◽  
Computer Scientists ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural Sector

Problematic use of data, patterns of bias emerging in AI systems, and the role of platforms like Facebook and Twitter during elections have thrown the issue of data ethics into sharp relief. Yet the focus of conversations about data ethics has centered on computer scientists, engineers, and designers, with far less attention paid to the digital practices of artists and others in the cultural sector. Artists have historically deployed new technologies in unexpected and often prescient ways, making them a community able to speak directly to the changing and nuanced ethical questions faced by those who use data and machine learning systems. We conducted interviews with thirty-three artists working with digital data, with a focus on how artists prefigure and commonly challenge data practices and ethical concerns of computer scientists, researchers, and the wider population. We found artists were frequently working to produce a sense of defamiliarization and critical distance from contemporary digital technologies in their audiences. The ethics of using large-scale data and AI systems for these artists were generally developed in ongoing conversations with other practitioners in their communities and in relation to a longer history of art practice.

Practices of cultural collectivity: Style activism, Miromoda and Māori fashion in Aotearoa New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriette Richards
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
World View ◽  
Fashion Industry ◽  
Fashion History ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fashion Apparel ◽  
Fashion Designers

Familiar narratives of fashion history in Aotearoa New Zealand recount the successes of Pākehā (New Zealand European) designers who have forged a distinctive fashion industry at the edge of the world. This narrative overlooks the history of Māori fashion cultures, including the role of ‘style activism’ enacted by political figures such as Whetu Tirikatene-Sullivan and collectives such as the Pacific Sisters who advanced the status of Māori and Pasifika design in the twentieth century. It also ignores the changing nature of the New Zealand fashion industry today. One of the most significant recent initiatives to alter perceptions of fashion in Aotearoa New Zealand has been Miromoda, the Indigenous Māori Fashion Apparel Board (IMFAB), established in 2008. By championing the work of Māori fashion designers and prioritizing the values of te ao Māori (the Māori world-view), Miromoda is successfully contributing to the ‘decolonization’ of the New Zealand fashion industry. This article foregrounds practices of cultural collectivity, including that of style activists such as Tirikatene-Sullivan and the Pacific Sisters, and Māori fashion designers such as Kiri Nathan, Tessa Lont (Lontessa) and Bobby Campbell Luke (Campbell Luke), to explore the expansion of a more affirmative fashion future in Aotearoa New Zealand.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Census and Complete Characterization of Nearby Debris Disk Stars

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (S314) ◽  
pp. 179-182
Author(s):  
Tara H. Cotten ◽  
Inseok Song
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
High Resolution Spectroscopy ◽  
Debris Disks ◽  
Infrared Excess ◽  
History Of ◽  
Debris Disk ◽  
Host Stars ◽  
Comprehensive Study

AbstractDebris disks are intimately linked to planetary system evolution since the rocky material surrounding the host stars is believed to be due to secondary generation from the collisions of planetesimals. With the conclusion and lack of future large scale infrared excess survey missions, it is time to summarize the history of using excess emission in the infrared as a tracer of debris and exploit all available data as well as provide a comprehensive study of the parameters of these important objects. We have compiled a catalog of infrared excess stars from peer-reviewed articles and performed an extensive search for new debris disks by cross-correlating the Tycho-2 and AllWISE catalogs. This study will conclude following the thorough examination of each debris disk star's parameters obtained through high-resolution spectroscopy at various facilities which is currently ongoing. We will maintain a webpage (www.debrisdisks.org) devoted to these infrared excess sources and provide various resources related to our catalog creation, SED fitting, and data reduction.

scholarly journals Reconstruction of ancient microbial genomes from the human gut

Nature ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marsha C. Wibowo ◽  
Zhen Yang ◽  
Maxime Borry ◽  
Alexander Hübner ◽  
Kun D. Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Microbial Genomes ◽  
Functional Profiling ◽  
History Of ◽  
Southwestern Usa ◽  
Gut Microorganisms

AbstractLoss of gut microbial diversity1–6 in industrial populations is associated with chronic diseases7, underscoring the importance of studying our ancestral gut microbiome. However, relatively little is known about the composition of pre-industrial gut microbiomes. Here we performed a large-scale de novo assembly of microbial genomes from palaeofaeces. From eight authenticated human palaeofaeces samples (1,000–2,000 years old) with well-preserved DNA from southwestern USA and Mexico, we reconstructed 498 medium- and high-quality microbial genomes. Among the 181 genomes with the strongest evidence of being ancient and of human gut origin, 39% represent previously undescribed species-level genome bins. Tip dating suggests an approximate diversification timeline for the key human symbiont Methanobrevibacter smithii. In comparison to 789 present-day human gut microbiome samples from eight countries, the palaeofaeces samples are more similar to non-industrialized than industrialized human gut microbiomes. Functional profiling of the palaeofaeces samples reveals a markedly lower abundance of antibiotic-resistance and mucin-degrading genes, as well as enrichment of mobile genetic elements relative to industrial gut microbiomes. This study facilitates the discovery and characterization of previously undescribed gut microorganisms from ancient microbiomes and the investigation of the evolutionary history of the human gut microbiota through genome reconstruction from palaeofaeces.

scholarly journals Progress in managing the transition from the RS92 to the Vaisala RS41 as the operational radiosonde within the GCOS Reference Upper-Air Network

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruud J. Dirksen ◽  
Greg E. Bodeker ◽  
Peter W. Thorne ◽  
Andrea Merlone ◽  
Tony Reale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Burden Sharing ◽  
Ancillary Data ◽  
Laboratory Characterization ◽  
History Of ◽  
Large Scale Change

Abstract. This paper describes the GRUAN-wide approach to manage the transition from the Vaisala RS92 to the Vaisala RS41 as the operational radiosonde. The goal of the GCOS Reference Upper-Air Network (GRUAN) is to provide long-term high-quality reference observations of upper air Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) such as temperature and water vapor. With GRUAN data being used for climate monitoring, it is vital that the change of measurement system does not introduce inhomogeneities in to the data record. The majority of the 27 GRUAN sites were launching the RS92 as their operational radiosonde, and following the end of production of the RS92 in the last quarter of 2017, most of these sites have now switched to the RS41. Such a large-scale change in instrumentation is unprecedented in the history of GRUAN and poses a challenge for the network. Several measurement programmes have been initiated to characterize differences in biases, uncertainties and noise between the two radiosonde types. These include laboratory characterization of measurement errors, extensive twin sounding studies with RS92 and RS41 on the same balloon, and comparison with ancillary data. This integrated approach is commensurate with the GRUAN principles of traceability and deliberate redundancy. A two-year period of regular twin soundings is recommended, and for sites that are not able to implement this burden sharing is employed, such that measurements at a certain site are considered representative of other sites with similar climatological characteristics. All data relevant to the RS92-RS41 transition are archived in a database that will be accessible to the scientific community for external scrutiny. Furthermore, the knowledge and experience gained about GRUAN's RS92-RS41 transition will be extensively documented to ensure traceability of the process. This documentation will benefit other networks in managing changes in their operational radiosonde systems. Preliminary analysis of the laboratory experiments indicates that the manufacturer's calibration of the RS41's temperature and humidity sensors is more accurate than for the RS92; with uncertainties of

scholarly journals 1953 Amnesty According to GULAG Statistics: Its Structure and Dynamics

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Evgenevna Vorobeva
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Scale Problem ◽  
Release Process ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Entire History ◽  
Camp System

The article studies the dynamics of 1953 amnesty and analyzes its structural characteristics. The 1953 amnesty was the largest in the entire history of the Soviet penitentiary system. Therefore, it is of particular interest to know the stages of the prisoners’ release process and the way such a large-scale problem could be solved. The author focuses on the structure of prisoners to be released as well as the structural changes of prisoners caused by the amnesty and their impact on the system as a whole. Despite a large number of domestic and foreign studies addressing the GULAG, the process of amnesty implementation has not been studied as it is yet. The author traces the implementation of the USSR Supreme Soviet Presidium Decree dated 03.27.1953 "On amnesty." The methodological basis for the study is statistical analysis of data on the implementation of the release plan. The result of the study is the conclusion that the 1953 amnesty was a turning point in the functioning of the USSR camp system. However, its process was uneven and accompanied by a number of difficulties caused by the need to carry out serious control and accounting work and involve additional sources to make decisions on the release of individual prisoners.

scholarly journals The European/International Fibromuscular Dysplasia Registry and Initiative (FEIRI)—clinical phenotypes and their predictors based on a cohort of 1000 patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Pappaccogli ◽  
Silvia Di Monaco ◽  
Ewa Warchoł-Celińska ◽  
Aurélien Lorthioir ◽  
Laurence Amar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fibromuscular Dysplasia ◽  
Disease Subtype ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Targeted Screening ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scale Characterization ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Focal Stenosis

Abstract Aims Since December 2015, the European/International Fibromuscular Dysplasia (FMD) Registry enrolled 1022 patients from 22 countries. We present their characteristics according to disease subtype, age and gender, as well as predictors of widespread disease, aneurysms and dissections. Methods and results All patients diagnosed with FMD (string-of-beads or focal stenosis in at least one vascular bed) based on computed tomography angiography, magnetic resonance angiography, and/or catheter-based angiography were eligible. Patients were predominantly women (82%) and Caucasians (88%). Age at diagnosis was 46 ± 16 years (12% ≥65 years old), 86% were hypertensive, 72% had multifocal, and 57% multivessel FMD. Compared to patients with multifocal FMD, patients with focal FMD were younger, more often men, had less often multivessel FMD but more revascularizations. Compared to women with FMD, men were younger, had more often focal FMD and arterial dissections. Compared to younger patients with FMD, patients ≥65 years old had more often multifocal FMD, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and more atherosclerotic lesions. Independent predictors of multivessel FMD were age at FMD diagnosis, stroke, multifocal subtype, presence of aneurysm or dissection, and family history of FMD. Predictors of aneurysms were multivessel and multifocal FMD. Predictors of dissections were age at FMD diagnosis, male gender, stroke, and multivessel FMD. Conclusions The European/International FMD Registry allowed large-scale characterization of distinct profiles of patients with FMD and, more importantly, identification of a unique set of independent predictors of widespread disease, aneurysms and dissections, paving the way for targeted screening, management, and follow-up of FMD.

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