scholarly journals Large Scale Mobile Medical Service Programme: Data Insights for strengthening local surveillance

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishal Dogra ◽  
Shailendra Hegde ◽  
Nitin Rathnam ◽  
Sridhar Emmadi ◽  
Vishal Phanse
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Medical Service ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Health Events ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The Village

ObjectiveWe report the findings of Andhra Pradesh state’s mobile medical service programme and how It is currently used to strengthen the disease surveillance mechanisms at the village level.IntroductionIndia has an Integrated Disease Surveillance project that reports key communicable and infectious diseases at the district and sub-district level. However, recent reviews suggest structural and functional deficiencies resulting in poor data quality (1). Hence evidence-based actions are often delayed. Piramal Swasthya in collaboration with Government of Andhra Pradesh launched a mobile medical unit (MMU) programme in 2016. This Mobile medical service delivers primary care services to rural population besides reporting and alerting unusual health events to district and state health authorities for timely and appropriate action.The MMU service in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh is one of the oldest and largest public-private initiatives in India. Two hundred and ninety-two MMUs provide fixed-day services to nearly 20,000 patients a day across 14,000 villages in rural Andhra Pradesh. Every day an MMU equipped with medical ( a doctor) and non-medical (1 nurse, 1 registration officer, 1 driver, 1 pharmacist, 1 lab technician, 1 driver) staff visit 2 service points (villages) as per prefixed route map. Each MMU also has its own mobile tablet operated by registration officer for capturing patient details. The core services delivered through MMUs are the diagnosis, treatment, counseling, and free drug distribution to the beneficiaries suffering from common ailments ranging from seasonal diseases to acute communicable and common chronic non-communicable diseases. The routinely collected patient data is daily synchronized on a centrally managed data servers.MethodsFor this analysis, we used aggregated and pooled data that were routinely collected from August 2016-March 2018. Patient details such as socio-demographic variables (age, sex etc.) medical history and key vitals (random blood sugar, blood pressure, pulse rate etc.) and disease diagnosis variables were analyzed. Besides, communication and action taken reports shared with Government of Andhra Pradesh were also analyzed. We report the findings of the programme with reference to strengthing the village level communicable disease surveillance. Unusual health events were defined as more than 3 patients reporting the epidemiologically linked and similar conditions clustered in the same village.ResultsWe observed 4,352,859 unique beneficiaries registrations and 9,122,349 patient visits. Of all unique beneficiaries, 79.3% had complete diagnosis details (53% non-communicable disease, 39% communicable and 8% others conditions). A total of 7 unusual health events related to specific and suspected conditions (3 vector-borne diseases related, 4 diarrhea-related) were reported to district health authorities, of which 3 were confirmed outbreaks (1 dengue, 1 malaria, and 1 typhoid) as investigated by local health authorities.ConclusionsMobile medical services are useful to detect unusual health events in areas with limited resources. It increases accountability and response from the Government authorities if the timely information is shared with competent health authorities. Careful evaluation of the mobile health interventions is needed before scaling-up such services in other remote rural areas.References1. Kumar A, Goel MK, Jain RB, Khanna P. Tracking the Implementation to identify gaps in Integrated Disease Surveillance Program in a Block of District Jhajjar (Haryana). Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 2014;3(3):213-215.2. Raut D, Bhola A. Integrated disease surveillance in India: Way forward. Global Journal of Medicine and Public Health.2014;3(4):1-10

scholarly journals Endemic Melioidosis in Southern China: Past and Present

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Zheng ◽  
Qianfeng Xia ◽  
Lianxu Xia ◽  
Wei Li
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Social Burden ◽  
Disease Surveillance System ◽  
Health Authorities

Melioidosis is a severe tropical infectious disease caused by the soil-dwelling bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, predominantly endemic to Southeast Asia and northern Australia. Between the 1970s and the 1990s, the presence of B. pseudomallei causing melioidosis in humans and other animals was demonstrated in four coastal provinces in southern China: Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Fujian, although indigenous cases were rare and the disease failed to raise concern amongst local and national health authorities. In recent years, there has been a rise in the number of melioidosis cases witnessed in the region, particularly in Hainan. Meanwhile, although China has established and maintained an effective communicable disease surveillance system, it has not yet been utilized for melioidosis. Thus, the overall incidence, social burden and epidemiological features of the disease in China remain unclear. In this context, we present a comprehensive overview of both historical and current information on melioidosis in Southern China, highlighting the re-emergence of the disease in Hainan. Surveillance and management strategies for melioidosis should be promoted in mainland China, and more research should be conducted to provide further insights into the present situation.

scholarly journals Characteristics of child daycare centres associated with clustering of major enteropathogens

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (12) ◽  
pp. 2527-2539 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. PIJNACKER ◽  
L. MUGHINI-GRAS ◽  
H. VENNEMA ◽  
R. ENSERINK ◽  
C. C. VAN DEN WIJNGAARD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Scan Statistics ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Daycare Centre ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Characteristic Space ◽  
Local Health Authorities ◽  
Suspected Outbreak

SUMMARYInsights into transmission dynamics of enteropathogens in children attending daycare are limited. Here we aimed at identifying daycare centre (DCC) characteristics associated with time-clustered occurrence of enteropathogens in DCC-attending children. For this purpose, we used the KIzSS network, which comprises 43 DCCs that participated in infectious disease surveillance in The Netherlands during February 2010–February 2013. Space–time scan statistics were used to identify clusters of rotavirus, norovirus, astrovirus,Giardia lambliaandCryptosporidiumspp. in a two-dimensional DCC characteristic space constructed using canonical correlation analysis. Logistic regression models were then used to further identify DCC characteristics associated with increased or decreased odds for clustering of enteropathogens. Factors associated with increased odds for enteropathogen clustering in DCCs were having indoor/outdoor paddling pools or sandpits, owning animals, high numbers of attending children, and reporting outbreaks to local health authorities. Factors associated with decreased odds for enteropathogen clustering in DCCs were cleaning child potties in designated waste disposal stations, cleaning vomit with chlorine-based products, daily cleaning of toys, extra cleaning of toys during a suspected outbreak, and excluding children with gastroenteritis. These factors provide targets for reducing the burden of gastrointestinal morbidity associated with time-clustered occurrence of major enteropathogens in DCC attendees.

Performance Assessment of a Communicable Disease Surveillance System in Response to the Twin Earthquakes of East Azerbaijan

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javad Babaie ◽  
Ali Ardalan ◽  
Hasan Vatandoost ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Goya ◽  
Ali Akbari Sari
Keyword(s):  
Data Quality ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Disease Surveillance System ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Set Up ◽  
East Azerbaijan

AbstractObjectiveFollowing the twin earthquakes on August 11, 2012, in the East Azerbaijan province of Iran, the provincial health center set up a surveillance system to monitor communicable diseases. This study aimed to assess the performance of this surveillance system.MethodsIn this quantitative-qualitative study, performance of the communicable diseases surveillance system was assessed by using the updated guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Qualitative data were collected through interviews with the surveillance system participants, and quantitative data were obtained from the surveillance system.ResultsThe surveillance system was useful, simple, representative, timely, and flexible. The data quality, acceptability, and stability of the surveillance system were 65.6%, 10.63%, and 100%, respectively. The sensitivity and positive predictive value were not calculated owing to the absence of a gold standard.ConclusionsThe surveillance system satisfactorily met the goals expected for its setup. The data obtained led to the control of communicable diseases in the affected areas. Required interventions based on the incidence of communicable disease were designed and implemented. The results also reassured health authorities and the public. However, data quality and acceptability should be taken into consideration and reviewed for implementation in future disasters. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:367–373)

scholarly journals Biomolecules and Electrochemical Tools in Chronic Non-Communicable Disease Surveillance: A Systematic Review

Biosensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Ana Lúcia Morais ◽  
Patrícia Rijo ◽  
María Belén Batanero Hernán ◽  
Marisa Nicolai
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Electrochemical Analysis ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Biological Identification ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

Over recent three decades, the electrochemical techniques have become widely used in biological identification and detection, because it presents optimum features for efficient and sensitive molecular detection of organic compounds, being able to trace quantities with a minimum of reagents and sample manipulation. Given these special features, electrochemical techniques are regularly exploited in disease diagnosis and monitoring. Specifically, amperometric electrochemical analysis has proven to be quite suitable for the detection of physiological biomarkers in monitoring health conditions, as well as toward the control of reactive oxygen species released in the course of oxidative burst during inflammatory events. Besides, electrochemical detection techniques involve a simple and swift assessment that provides a low detection-limit for most of the molecules enclosed biological fluids and related to non-transmittable morbidities.

scholarly journals The lessons of COVID-19 pandemic for communicable diseases surveillance system: A qualitative study in the Kurdistan region-Iraq

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soran Amin Hamalaw ◽  
Ali Hattem Bayati ◽  
Muhammed Babakir-Mina ◽  
Amirhossein Takian
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
System A ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Training And Supervision

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has revealed a series of unprecedented challenges to Communicable Disease Surveillance Systems (CDSS) globally. This study aimed to determine the opportunities of and barriers to CDSS during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the extent to which the disease integrated into the CDSS in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. Methods A descriptive qualitative approach was applied. We conducted 7 semi-structured interviews and one focus group discussions (FGD) with purposefully identified Key Informants (KI) from June to December 2020. All interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim. We adopted a mixed deductive-inductive approach for thematic analysis of data, facilitated by using MAXQDA20 software for data management. Results Although the CDSS was considered appropriate and flexible, the COVID-19 was interpreted not to be integrated into the system due to political concerns. The lack of epidemic preparedness, timeliness, and partial cessation of training and supervision during the pandemic were the main concerns regarding core and support activities. The existence of reasonable surveillance infrastructure, i.e. trained staff was identified as an opportunity for improvement. The main challenges include: staff deficiency, absence of motivation and financial support for present staff, scarce logistics, managerial and administrative issues, and lack of cooperation, particularly among stakeholders and surveillance staff. Conclusion Our findings revealed that due to political barriers, COVID-19 was not integrated into the CDSS. It also highlighted the main facilitators of and barriers to CDSS in the region. We advocate health authorities and policy-makers to prioritize the surveillance and effective management of communicable diseases.

scholarly journals Best Paper Selection

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (01) ◽  
pp. 282-282
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Community Perspectives ◽  
Risk Patients

Zheng L, Wang O, Hao S, Ye C, Liu M, Xia M, Sabo AL, Markovic L, Stearns F, Kanov L, Sylvester KL, Widen R, McElhinney DB, Zhang W, Liao J, Ling XB. Development of an early-warning system for high-risk patients for suicide attempt using deep learning and electronic health records. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7033212/ Roope LSJ, Tonkin-Crine S, Herd N, Michie S, Pouwels KB, Castro-Sanchez E, Sallis A, Hopkins S, Robotham JV, Crook DW, Peto T. Peters M, Butler CC, Walker AS, Wordsworth S. Reducing expectations for antibiotics in primary care: a randomised experiment to test the response to fear-based messages about antimicrobial resistance. https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-020-01553-6 Degeling C, Carter SM, van Oijen AM McAnulty J, Sintchenko V, Braunack-Mayer A, Yarwood T, Johnson J, Gilbert GL. Community perspectives on the benefits and risks of technologically enhanced communicable disease surveillance systems: a report on four community juries. https://bmcmedethics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12910-020-00474-6

scholarly journals Improving Local Non-Communicable Disease Surveillance within a Changing Data Environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Young ◽  
Mike D. Fliss ◽  
Amy Ising
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Local Health ◽  
The North ◽  
Trend Data

This project aims to fill a growing county-level health data gap, increase noncommunicable disease surveillance capacity within North Carolina local health departments (LHDs), and improve situational awareness through the development of a low-cost, Excel-based surveillance tool. This prototype utilizes emergency room data collected by the North Carolina Disease Event Tracking and Epidemiologic Collection Tool (NC DETECT), a state-wide surveillance system, in order to visualize, monitor, and compare local health indicators. An Excel template is in development that will allow (NC DETECT) 166 registered LHD users to select common health indicators, pull annual trend data, and visualize them through meaningful reports.

Context: commissioning in the English NHS

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-34
Author(s):  
Imelda McDermott ◽  
Pauline Allen ◽  
Valerie Moran ◽  
Anna Coleman ◽  
Kath Checkland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Short Summary ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Expected Benefits

Chapter 2 provides the context, setting out the organisation and governance of commissioning in the NHS. It includes a short summary of the architecture of commissioning pre-Health and Social Care Act (HSCA12), and highlights the important changes which were brought about by the Act, including the abolition of Primary Care Trusts and Strategic Health Authorities, the establishment of Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs), the creation of NHS England, transfer of commissioning responsibilities to different bodies (e.g. public health) and the setting up of local Health and Wellbeing Boards. The chapter also highlights the programme theories underlying the HSCA12, in particular the commitment to competition as a means of improving services and the expected benefits of greater clinical involvement in commissioning.

scholarly journals Recognition, Investigation, and Control of Communicable-Disease Outbreaks in Child Day-Care Settings

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 1004-1006
Author(s):  
Jeffrey P. Davis ◽  
William R. Mac Kenzie ◽  
David G. Addiss
Keyword(s):  
Day Care ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Health Events ◽  
Child Day Care ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Home Day Care ◽  
And Control ◽  
Adverse Health Events

The importance of disease surveillance and outbreak-control activities in child day-care settings has been detailed as part of the American Public Health Association/American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines for out-of-home day-care programs.14 Aggressive assessment of outbreaks will continue to provide critical information needed to prevent and control diseases and other adverse health events in day-care facilities.

HIV and other STIs in the United Kingdom: further increases

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (48) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Health Protection Agency ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Living With Hiv

The Health Protection Agency Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre for England and Wales and others have reported that the number of people living with HIV in the UK has increased

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