scholarly journals Comparison and diagnosis of Entamoeba in stool sample from rural community of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Stool Sample ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Intestinal Parasitosis ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Pcr Targeting

ObjectiveTo find out the prevalence of Entamoeba species in rural community of Nepal.The purpose of the study is to evaluate Nested PCR, microscopic examination and Elisa assay for detection and differentiation of Entamoeba species.IntroductionNepal being a developing country has many health problems, which escalate in intensity at different times of the year or in epidemic form.Amebiasis is one of the infectious diseases that is highly seen in rural area of Nepal caused by Entamoeba species ((1, 2). Recent reports show that open defecation, drinking untreated water, unsanitary habits and lack of basic health knowledge cause higher mortality and morbidity in our country.E. histolytica is an anaerobic pathogenic parasitic. However, E. dispar and E.moshkovskii exits as non-pathogenic. Likewise, E. histolytica, E. dispar and E. moshkovskii are morphologically identical but genetically distinct species (3).MethodsA total of 270 faecal sample were collected from south eastern terai region of Nepal after the informed consent form. The samples were processed by direct wet smear and formalin ethyl acetate concentration technique (4). Eventually, microscopic examination were performed for the detection of Entamoeba species along with other intestinal parasites. Furthermore, enzyme immunoassay were executed to detect antigens of E. histolytica through ELISA. Additionally, microscopically positive samples for Entamoeba species cysts were further characterized using a Nested- PCR targeting 16S-like ribosomal RNA gene (5). The PCR generate amplicons which was subjected to 2% agarose gels electrophoresis and visualized under UV transilluminator.Results8.52% of the total collected samples were microscopically positive for Entamoeba cysts either singly or in combination with other intestinal parasites. Likewise, among 270 stool sample, viral diarrheal was most significant form of diarrhoea found in 76.67% of patients. Among different organisms, As. Lumbricoids and E. histolytica, G. lambia and H. nana were identified in most of the patients accounting for 11.11%, 8.52%, 2.59% and 1.11% respectively. However, Lumbricoids, G. lambia, Tenia solium and E. histolytica were present in an individual patient while two patient was found with both As. Lumbricoids and G. lambia. Among several symptoms, diarrhoea seems to be the common symptoms infecting all of the patients which is followed by fever and vomiting which accounts for 55.1 % and 46.2% correspondingly. Whereas, nausea appears to be the least common symptoms infecting only 14.4% of patients.Subsequently, 56 cases were PCR positive, 51 cases were ELISA positive whereas 47 were found to be positive by microscopy.ConclusionsMolecular techniques are indeed promising tools for epidemiological studies, particularly in discriminating the pathogenic from the non-pathogenic species of the Entamoeba species. This study reports a new nested multiplex PCR strategy for detection and differentiation of E. histolytica, E. dispar and E. moshkovskii which is highly rapid, specific and sensitive which is useful for proper diagnosis, immunological assay and drug testing.References1. Chaudhary M, Maharjan M. ( 2014). Association of Anaemia with Parasitic Infection in Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic at Koshi Zonal Hospital. Neplalese Journal of Zoology, 2(1):1-7.2. Tandukar S, Ansari S, Adhikari N, Shrestha A, Gautam J, Sharma B, et al (2013). Intestinal parasitosis in school children of Lalitpur district of Nepal. BMC research notes, 6(1):449.3. Clark C, Espinosa Cantellano M, Bhattacharya A. Entamoeba histolytica: an overview of the biology of the organism (2013). Amebiasis: World Scientific, 1-45.4. Dhanabal J, Selvadoss PP, Muthuswamy K(2014). Comparative study of the prevalence of intestinal parasites in low socioeconomic areas from South Chennai, India. Journal of parasitology research.5. Van den Bossche, D., Cnops, L., Verschueren, J., & Van Esbroeck, M. (2015). Comparison of four rapid diagnostic tests, ELISA, microscopy and PCR for the detection of Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium spp. and Entamoeba histolytica in feces. Journal of microbiological methods, 110, 78-84.

scholarly journals Assessment of Microscopic detection of Malaria with Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction in War-torn Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Faisal Nadeem ◽  
Aamer Ali Khattak ◽  
Adnan Yaqoob ◽  
Usman Ayub Awan ◽  
Nadia Zeeshan
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Microscopic Detection ◽  
Tribal Areas ◽  
Pcr Targeting

Abstract Background: Diagnostic accuracy of malaria is critical for early treatment, control, and elimination of malaria, especially in war-affected malaria endemic areas. Microscopic detection of Plasmodium species has been the gold standard in remote malaria-endemic regions. However, the diagnostic accuracy is still questioned, especially in discriminating mixed and submicroscopic parasitic levels. This study was designed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of microscopic examination against nested PCR analysis in war-torn malaria-endemic Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) of Pakistan. Methods: Venous blood samples were collected from symptomatic patients for microscopic examination and nested PCR analysis from January 2016 - December 2016 from five Agencies (Bajaur, Mohmand, Khyber, Orakzai and Kurram Agency) and four Frontier Regions (Peshawar, Kohat, Bannu, and Dera Ismail Khan Frontier Region) of FATA. Malaria-positive isolates were confirmed by nested PCR (targeting Plasmodium small subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (ssrRNA) genes) for speciation. Results: Among enrolled participants, 762 were found positive for malaria parasite on microscopic examination of the blood film. P. vivax was found in 623, P. falciparum in 132 and 7 were diagnosed with mixed infection (P. vivax and P. falciparum coinfection). Nested PCR detected Plasmodium infection in 679 samples (523 P. vivax, 121 P. falciparum, and 35 mixed infections). Compared with microscopy, the sensitivity of nested PCR was 98.94%, and specificity was 98.27%, while the sensitivity and specificity of slide microscopy 89.34% and 87.99% respectively. Conclusion: The conventional microscopy method has low sensitivity to detect mixed infection as compared to nested PCR. High sensitivity and specificity observed in nested PCR makes this molecular tool a useful technique for monitoring, controlling, and eliminating malaria-endemic regions.

scholarly journals Intestinal Parasitosis

1970 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Bikash Shakya ◽  
D Bhargava ◽  
S. Shrestha ◽  
B. P. Rijal
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Intestinal Parasitosis

Introduction: Intestinal parasitosis is highly prevalent among general population and hospital patients in Nepal. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis among patients in a hospital of Nepal. Methods: A retrospective study was done by analyzing the findings of stool examined from April 2006 to March 2008 at Department of Microbiology of the hospital. χ2-test was used for analytical assessment. Results: Out of 2221 fecal samples, 20.7% were positive, the positivity being 23.9% and 15.8%, respectively in first and second year (P<0.05). Overall infection rate was nearly equal in male and female (20.2% vs. 21.2%). The infection rate was highest among patients of >60 years (25.3%) followed by those of <15 years (21.2%) and 15-59 years (20.1%) ( P>0.05). Ascaris lumbricoides (31.8%) and Entamoeba histolytica (38.0%) were the commonest helminth and protozoa, respectively. Other parasites were Hookworm (18.3%), Hymenolepis nana (2.6%), Taenia solium (2.6%), Strongyloides stercoralis (1.3%) and Giardia lamblia (5.5%). Conclusions: Though, the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis among hospital visiting patients is declining, high detection of A. lumbricoides and E. histolytica signifies the need of public awareness regarding latrine use, water source protection from fecal contamination, proper sanitation and hygienic behavior. Keywords: Ascaris lumbricoides, Entamoeba histolytica, intestinal parasites. DOI: 10.3126/joim.v31i3.2974 Journal of Institute of Medicine, December, 2009; 31(3) 13-16

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Giardia duodenalis in Children and Adults Sampled in Algeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Salem Belkessa ◽  
Daniel Thomas-Lopez ◽  
Karim Houali ◽  
Farida Ghalmi ◽  
Christen Rune Stensvold
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Pcr Targeting ◽  
Assemblage B

The molecular epidemiology of giardiasis in Africa remains unclear. A study was carried out across four hospitals in Algeria. A total of 119 fecal samples from 55 children, 37 adults, and 27 individuals of undetermined age, all scored positive for intestinal parasites by microscopy, and were screened by real-time PCR for Giardia. Molecular characterization of Giardia was performed by assemblage-specific PCR and PCR targeting the triose phosphate isomerase gene (tpi). Of the 119 samples, 80 (67%) were Giardia-positive by real-time PCR. For 48 moderately-highly real-time PCR-positive samples, tpi genotyping assigned 22 samples to Assemblage A and 26 to Assemblage B. Contrary to Assemblage A, Assemblage B exhibited substantial genetic diversity and allelic heterozygosity. Assemblage-specific PCR proved to be specific for discriminating Assemblage A or B but not as sensitive as tpi genotyping. We confirmed that real-time PCR is more sensitive than microscopy for detecting Giardia in stool samples and that robust amplification and sequencing of the tpi gene is feasible when moderate-to-strongly real-time PCR-positive samples are used. This study is one of the few performed in Africa providing genotyping data on Giardia infections in humans. Both assemblages A and B were commonly seen and not associated with specific sociodemographic data.

scholarly journals Enteroparasitosis in patients attended by the health public service: epidemiology and spatial distribution

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 34764
Author(s):  
Andressa Barros Ibiapina ◽  
Janaína Soares Leal ◽  
Pedro Ricardo Alves de Santana ◽  
Marcelo Ribeiro Mesquita ◽  
Tito Lívio da Cunha Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intestinal Parasitosis ◽  
The City

AIMS: This research aims to determine the epidemiology and the spatial distribution of intestinal parasitosis in the city of Teresina.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out based on the data of parasitological fecal exams performed in the Laboratory Raul Bacelar between January, 2014 and July, 2017. In addition to the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis and polyparasitism, we verified the association of these diseases with gender, zone and period of the year by means of the chi-squared test, whereas the relation with age was analyzed by the Mann-Kendall tests and multiple comparisons of age classes. The spatial distribution was performed using the QGIS georeferencing software.RESULTS: The prevalence of enteroparasitosis in Teresina is 17,8% with Ascaris lumbricoides being the most common species, due to the precarious sanitary conditions of the city. The prevalence of individuals with polyparasitism is 3,13%, in which an association between the species Entamoeba coli and Entamoeba histolytica/dispar was found. There was no relation between intestinal parasitosis with gender, but we verified that individuals in rural areas are more susceptible to these diseases. The species Ascaris lumbricoides and Entamoeba histolytica/dispar occur more frequently in the first and second semester, respectively. We observed that there is an apparent tendency to increase cases of E. histolytica/dispar and reduction of cases of Giardia sp. according to aging. Mapping intestinal parasitosis showed us that there is a prevalence between one and 20% in most of Teresina's neighborhoods, and Ascariasis embodies at least 40% of cases of enteroparasitosis in these neighborhoods.CONCLUSIONS: Investments in basic sanitation and new epidemiological investigations must be carried out to control intestinal parasitosis in Teresina, emphasizing that children and the elderly should be considered priority groups in these programs.

scholarly journals Detection and partial genetic characterisation of novel avi- and siadenoviruses in racing and fancy pigeons (Columba livia domestica)

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 514-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónika Z. Ballmann ◽  
Balázs Harrach
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Dna Polymerase ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Hexon Gene ◽  
Polymerase Gene ◽  
Viral Dna ◽  
Phylogeny Analysis ◽  
Pcr Targeting

Up to now, only a single adenovirus (AdV) isolate seemingly specific for pigeons, hence named pigeon AdV-1 (PiAdV-1), has been characterised at DNA sequence level. In the present work, the prevalence and diversity of AdVs occurring in domestic pigeon were examined by a survey performed on randomly collected samples using a very efficient, consensus nested PCR targeting the viral DNA polymerase gene. The newly detected viruses were characterised by sequencing and phylogeny analysis. Amplification of additional genome fragments was attempted by the use of several other PCR methods aiming at the hexon gene. During a 4-year survey, samples from dead or live, healthy pigeons originating from 27 lofts were examined in Hungary. Almost 50% of the samples (48 out of 97) proved to be positive for AdV. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of four hitherto unknown pigeon AdV types. PiAdV-1 was also identified in one sample. Two novel viruses named PiAdV-2 and -3 were found to belong to the genus Aviadenovirus, and two other novel types (PiAdV-4 and -5) to the genus Siadenovirus. This is the first report on the occurrence of siadenoviruses in birds belonging to the order Columbiformes. Approximately two-thirds of the PiAdV-2 genome was sequenced and analysed.

Nested PCR targeting intergenic spacer (IGS) in genotyping of Giardia duodenalis isolated from symptomatic and asymptomatic infected Egyptian school children

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 763-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman M. Hussein ◽  
Ola A. Ismail ◽  
Amira B. Mokhtar ◽  
Samer E. Mohamed ◽  
Rania M. Saad
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Pcr Targeting

scholarly journals National State Survey to identify the presence of intestinal parasitic infections of mixed randomized patients as prevention who attended the IMSS laboratory

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Arcelia González-García ◽  
Claudia Hernández-Salas ◽  
Rosa Maria Martínez-Ortiz ◽  
Lilia González-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Intestinal Parasitosis

Introduction: Nowadays in our state, intestinal parasitic diseases are still endemic, with a greater frequency in rural and mountainous urban areas. After the years have elapsed since the last national survey, it was necessary to carry out a new survey to know the prevalence rates of intestinal parasitosis and to compare the results obtained between both studies. Such knowledge would be of great value in developing health strategies and designing intestinal parasitic infection control programs. Objective: to determine the current prevalence rates of intestinal parasites, to compare the results with those of the survey obtained. Methods: a random cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out during the months of December 2018 to March 2019 in a random sample of both sexes from the population of urban communities and the province of Zacatecas, Zac. Each one had a stool sample collected that was analyzed by the direct examination method, the Willis concentration technique, and the Kato-Katz examination; A questionnaire was also applied to them. Results: when comparing the results of the national and state surveys of intestinal parasitic infections carried out in 2009 and 2018, it was found that, in general, infections by parasites decreased, both helminths and pathogenic protozoa, although those infected with commensals increased their frequency in that of 2019. There was also a decrease in the frequency of infections by all species of soil-transmitted helminths, Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, ancylostomideos, and Strongyloides stercoralis, as well as by the pathogenic protozoa Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolitica. Conclusions: when comparing the results of national and state surveys of intestinal parasite infections carried out in 2018 and 2019, it was found that in general the frequencies of infections with intestinal parasites decreased. The finding in both studies of a higher frequency of infection with parasites or commensals in the group aged 5 to 14 years (school age), supports the recommendation to place emphasis on control programs for intestinal parasites in this age group.

scholarly journals Parasitosis intestinal y estado nutricional en niños de 1-3 años de un centro infantil del Cantón Milagro // Intestinal parasitosis and nutritional status in children from 1 - 3 years of a child center in the Milagro Canton

Ciencia Unemi ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (26) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Betty Judith Pazmiño-Gómez ◽  
Lizán Ayol-Pérez ◽  
Luis López-Orozco ◽  
William Vinueza- Freire ◽  
Juan Cadena-Alvarado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Buen Vivir ◽  
Intestinal Parasitosis ◽  
Basic Services ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children

La parasitosis intestinal es una infección que se puede presentar en cualquier ser humano, sin embargo, es evidente su prevalencia en la población infantil, situación que incide en su estado nutricional, los infantes infectados tienden a tener variantes en su comportamiento y nutrición, una situación que puede obstaculizar seriamente su desarrollo físico e intelectual. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue identificar la relación entre la parasitosis intestinal y estado de nutricional en los niños de 1 a 3 años del Centro Infantil del Buen Vivir María Paz de la Ciudadela Almeida en el cantón Milagro durante el periodo de noviembre 2016 a mayo 2017. La metodología responde a los paradigmas cuantitativos de carácter descriptivo, apoyadas por una investigación de campo que permitió la recolección de datos antropométricos y las muestras fecales para la realización de exámenes coprológicos: 23 de los niños y niñas presentaron parasitosis intestinal (60,5%), mientras que 15 niños dieron negativos (39,5%) de los que presentaron parasitosis; 14 infantes se vieron afectados con bajo peso, debido a la presencia de parásitos (37%), Además, en la encuesta a los padres de familia, más del 65% de los hogares no tienen una adecuada norma de cuidado para prevenir la infección por parásitos intestinales, y el consumo de agua sin hervir así como la ingesta de frutas y legumbres sin lavado previo. Se puede concluir que la carencia de servicios básicos, hábitos de higiene alimentaria y el desconocimiento de los riesgos es determinantes para la presencia de parásitos intestinales en los infantes y por ende afecta el estado nutricional. AbstractIntestinal parasitosis is an infection that can occur in any human being; however, its prevalence could affect mostly the nutritional status of children. Therefore, infected infants tend to have variations in their behavior and nutrition, a situation that can seriously impede their physical and intellectual development. The objective of the present work was to identify the relationship between intestinal parasitosis and nutritional status in children from 1 to 3 years old of Centro Infantil del Buen Vivir María Paz of Ciudadela Almeida in Milagro Canton during the period from November 2016 to May 2017. The methodology responds to quantitative paradigms of a descriptive nature, supported by a field investigation that allowed the collection of anthropometric data and fecal samples for the performance of coprological examinations. From those who presented parasitosis: 23 of the children showed parasitosis intestinal (60.5%) while 15 children were negative (39.5%); 14 are affected with low weight due to the presence of parasites (37%). Also, more than 65% of households do not have an adequate standard of care to prevent infection by intestinal parasites, and consumption of water without boiling as well as the intake of fruits and vegetables without previous washing was observed in the survey of parents. It can be conclude that the lack of basic services, habits of food hygiene, the ignorance of the risks are determinant for the presence of intestinal parasites in infants and therefore affects the nutritional status.

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