scholarly journals CRITICAL CARE & THE EARLY WEB: ETHICAL DIGITAL METHODS FOR ARCHIVED YOUTH DATA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Mackinnon
Keyword(s):  
Online Community ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Feminist Ethics ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Internet Archive ◽  
Digital Methods ◽  
The Right ◽  
Simultaneous Discovery

This paper demonstrates an ethico-methodological approach to researching archived web pages created by young people throughout 1994-2005 that was collected and stored by the Internet Archive. Rather than deploying a range of computational tools available for collecting web data in the Internet Archive, my approach to this material has been to start with the person: I recruited participants through social media who remembered creating websites or participating in web communities when they were younger and were interested in attempting to relocate their digital traces. In a series of qualitative, online semi-structured interviews, I guided participants through the Wayback Machine’s interface and directed them towards where their materials might be stored. I adapted this approach from the walkthrough method, where I position the participant as co-investigator and analyst of web archival material, enabling simultaneous discovery, memory, interpretation and investigation. Together, we walk through the abandoned sites and ruins of a once-vibrant online community as they reflect and remember the early web. This approach responds to significant ethical gaps in web archival research and engages with feminist ethics of care (Luka & Millette, 2018) inspired by conceptual framing of data materials in research on the "right to be forgotten” (Crossen-White, 2015; GDPR, 2018; Tsesis, 2014), digital afterlives (Sutherland, 2020), indigenous data sovereignty and governance (Wemigwans, 2018), and the Feminist Data Manifest-No (Cifor et al, 2019). This method re-centers the human and moves towards a digital justice approach (Gieseking, 2020; Cowan & Rault, 2020) for engaging with historical youth data.

Playing “Nice”

2014 ◽  
pp. 963-975
Author(s):  
Melinda Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Online Community ◽  
Role Playing ◽  
Online Games ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Cultural Attitudes ◽  
Role Playing Games ◽  
Attitudes And Perceptions ◽  
Online Spaces ◽  
The Right ◽  
Multicultural Communities

Within the Internet, a range of international and multicultural communities abound, especially within the context of interactive online games known as Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games (MMORPGs). The clashing of cultures in one particular MMORPG, Omerta, has caused many problems within the related online community. These conflicts have led to online instances of culturalism – discrimination based upon cultural-mindset – within this international online community (Jacobs, 2009). This chapter examines the following questions: Do players in international online gaming environments have the right to discriminate based on cultural attitudes and perceptions, or should a player’s right to not be discriminated against dominate in such international contexts? And how can multiculturalism be successfully managed in international online spaces?

scholarly journals Information Management in Healthcare and Environment: Towards an Automatic System for Fake News Detection

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Lara-Navarra ◽  
Hervé Falciani ◽  
Enrique A. Sánchez-Pérez ◽  
Antonia Ferrer-Sapena
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Open Data ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Social Media Networks ◽  
Analytical Scheme ◽  
False News ◽  
The Right ◽  
Methodological Guidelines

Comments and information appearing on the internet and on different social media sway opinion concerning potential remedies for diagnosing and curing diseases. In many cases, this has an impact on citizens’ health and affects medical professionals, who find themselves having to defend their diagnoses as well as the treatments they propose against ill-informed patients. The propagation of these opinions follows the same pattern as the dissemination of fake news about other important topics, such as the environment, via social media networks, which we use as a testing ground for checking our procedure. In this article, we present an algorithm to analyse the behaviour of users of Twitter, the most important social network with respect to this issue, as well as a dynamic knowledge graph construction method based on information gathered from Twitter and other open data sources such as web pages. To show our methodology, we present a concrete example of how the associated graph structure of the tweets related to World Environment Day 2019 is used to develop a heuristic analysis of the validity of the information. The proposed analytical scheme is based on the interaction between the computer tool—a database implemented with Neo4j—and the analyst, who must ask the right questions to the tool, allowing to follow the line of any doubtful data. We also show how this method can be used. We also present some methodological guidelines on how our system could allow, in the future, an automation of the procedures for the construction of an autonomous algorithm for the detection of false news on the internet related to health.

Playing “Nice”

2012 ◽  
pp. 32-44
Author(s):  
Melinda Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Online Community ◽  
Role Playing ◽  
Online Games ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Cultural Attitudes ◽  
Role Playing Games ◽  
Attitudes And Perceptions ◽  
Online Spaces ◽  
The Right ◽  
Multicultural Communities

Within the Internet, a range of international and multicultural communities abound, especially within the context of interactive online games known as Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games (MMORPGs). The clashing of cultures in one particular MMORPG, Omerta, has caused many problems within the related online community. These conflicts have led to online instances of culturalism – discrimination based upon cultural-mindset – within this international online community (Jacobs, 2009). This chapter examines the following questions: Do players in international online gaming environments have the right to discriminate based on cultural attitudes and perceptions, or should a player’s right to not be discriminated against dominate in such international contexts? And how can multiculturalism be successfully managed in international online spaces?

Portal Design as an Outcome of the Research

2021 ◽  
pp. 120-151
Keyword(s):  
The Internet ◽  
Active Listening ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Reading Problems ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Open Environment ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
The Web

This chapter introduces the process of the creation of the literacy portal. The crucial interest of the team from the start was to create a user-friendly open environment for adults with dyslexia and/or reading problems. The readers go with the authors through the gradual development: interviews, grounded in the principle of active listening, and partially structured interviews. This, at the end, was followed by surveys focused on problems with reading and the internet. The authors show what the card sorting method is, how it went, what its goal was, and how it influenced the final portal. The orientation in the web pages is an important part of the portal. The authors, therefore, describe the process of menu and icon selection along with monitoring online movement by people with dyslexia while also using the button and vertical menu. The results and findings were reflected in the requirements of the administrative environment adapted to the individuals with dyslexia, and the reaction CMS system was developed based on them.

scholarly journals Lost in the Infinite Archive: The Promise and Pitfalls of Web Archives

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Milligan
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Internet Archive ◽  
Web Archives ◽  
Old Bailey ◽  
Metadata Analysis ◽  
Web Access ◽  
The Web

Contemporary and future historians need to grapple with and confront the challenges posed by web archives. These large collections of material, accessed either through the Internet Archive's Wayback Machine or through other computational methods, represent both a challenge and an opportunity to historians. Through these collections, we have the potential to access the voices of millions of non-elite individuals (recognizing of course the cleavages in both Web access as well as method of access). To put this in perspective, the Old Bailey Online currently describes its monumental holdings of 197,745 trials between 1674 and 1913 as the “largest body of texts detailing the lives of non-elite people ever published.” GeoCities.com, a platform for everyday web publishing in the mid-to-late 1990s and early 2000s, amounted to over thirty-eight million individual webpages. Historians will have access, in some form, to millions of pages: written by everyday people of various classes, genders, ethnicities, and ages. While the Web was not a perfect democracy by any means – it was and is unevenly accessed across each of those categories – this still represents a massive collection of non-elite speech. Yet a figure like thirty-eight million webpages is both a blessing and a curse. We cannot read every website, and must instead rely upon discovery tools to find the information that we need. Yet these tools largely do not exist for web archives, or are in a very early state of development: what will they look like? What information do historians want to access? We cannot simply map over web tools optimized for discovering current information through online searches or metadata analysis. We need to find information that mattered at the time, to diverse and very large communities. Furthermore, web pages cannot be viewed in isolation, outside of the networks that they inhabited. In theory, amongst corpuses of millions of pages, researchers can find whatever they want to confirm. The trick is situating it into a larger social and cultural context: is it representative? Unique? In this paper, “Lost in the Infinite Archive,” I explore what the future of digital methods for historians will be when they need to explore web archives. Historical research of periods beginning in the mid-1990s will need to use web archives, and right now we are not ready. This article draws on first-hand research with the Internet Archive and Archive-It web archiving teams. It draws upon three exhaustive datasets: the large Web ARChive (WARC) files that make up Wide Web Scrapes of the Web; the metadata-intensive WAT files that provide networked contextual information; and the lifted-straight-from-the-web guerilla archives generated by groups like Archive Team. Through these case studies, we can see – hands-on – what richness and potentials lie in these new cultural records, and what approaches we may need to adopt. It helps underscore the need to have humanists involved at this early, crucial stage.

scholarly journals An Empirical Study of Web Page Structural Properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Chamberland-Thibeault ◽  
Sylvain Hallé
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Maximum Degree ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Web Page ◽  
Internet Archive ◽  
Large Scale Survey

The paper reports results on an empirical study of the structural properties of HTML markup in websites. A first large-scale survey is made on 708 contemporary (2019–2020) websites, in order to measure various features related to their size and structure: DOM tree size, maximum degree, depth, diversity of element types and CSS classes, among others. The second part of the study leverages archived pages from the Internet Archive, in order to retrace the evolution of these features over a span of 25 years. The goal of this research is to serve as a reference point for studies that include an empirical evaluation on samples of web pages.

Different Forms of Work Satisfaction

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Büssing ◽  
Thomas Bissels
Keyword(s):  
Work Satisfaction ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Work Situation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Global Satisfaction ◽  
Evaluative Processes ◽  
The Right ◽  
Level Of Aspiration

The extended model of different forms of work satisfaction ( Büssing, 1991 ), originally proposed by Bruggemann (1974) , is suggested as a distinctive qualitative approach to work satisfaction. Six forms of work satisfaction—progressive, stabilized, resigned satisfaction, constructive, fixated, resigned dissatisfaction—are derived from the constellation of four constituent variables: comparison of the actual work situation and personal aspirations, global satisfaction, changes in level of aspiration, controllability at work. Preliminary evidence from semi-structured interviews with 46 nurses shows that the dynamic model is headed in the right direction (qualitative differentiation of consistently high propertions of satisfied employees, uncovering processes of person-work situation interaction). Qualitative methods demonstrated their usefulness in accessing underlying cognitive and evaluative processes of the forms, which are often neglected by traditional attitude-based satisfaction research.

THE STATE OF OPEN ACCESS ADOPTION IN LEGAL SCHOLARLY COMMUNICATION: AN ANALYSIS OF SELECTED OPEN ACCESS RESOURCES

Mousaion ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-100
Author(s):  
Solomon Bopape
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Open Access Publishing ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Legal Information ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
Open Access Resources ◽  
The Right

The study of law focuses, among other aspects, on important issues relating to equality, fairness and justice in as far as free access to information and knowledgeis concerned. The launching of the Open Access to Law Movement in 1992, the promulgation of the Durham Statement on Open Access to Legal Scholarshipin 2009, and the formation of national and regional Legal Information Institutes (LIIs) should serve as an indication of how well the legal world is committed to freely publishing and distributing legal information and knowledge through the Internet to legal practitioners, legal scholars and the public at large aroundthe world. In order to establish the amount of legal scholarly content which is accessible through open access publishing innovations and initiatives, this studyanalysed the contents of websites for selected open access resources on the Internet internationally and in South Africa. The results of the study showed that there has been a steady developing trend towards the adoption of open access for legal scholarly literature internationally, while in South Africa legal scholarly literature is under the control of commercial publishers. This should be an issue for the legal scholarship which, among its focus, is to impart knowledge about the right of access to information and knowledge.

Governance Disclosure on the Internet by Leading Indian Public Sector Companies

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-187
Author(s):  
Harmandeep Singh ◽  
Arwinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Financial Information ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Index Approach ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Governance Disclosure ◽  
The Web

Nowadays, internet satisfying people with different services related to different fields. The profit, as well as non-profit organization, uses the internet for various business purposes. One of the major is communicated various financial as well as non-financial information on their respective websites. This study is conducted on the top 30 BSE listed public sector companies, to measure the extent of governance disclosure (non-financial information) on their web pages. The disclosure index approach to examine the extent of governance disclosure on the internet was used. The governance index was constructed and broadly categorized into three dimensions, i.e., organization and structure, strategy & Planning and accountability, compliance, philosophy & risk management. The empirical evidence of the study reveals that all the Indian public sector companies have a website, and on average, 67% of companies disclosed some kind of governance information directly on their websites. Further, we found extreme variations in the web disclosure between the three categories, i.e., The Maharatans, The Navratans, and Miniratans. However, the result of Kruskal-Wallis indicates that there is no such significant difference between the three categories. The study provides valuable insights into the Indian economy. It explored that Indian public sector companies use the internet for governance disclosure to some extent, but lacks symmetry in the disclosure. It is because there is no such regulation for web disclosure. Thus, the recommendation of the study highlighted that there must be such a regulated framework for the web disclosure so that stakeholders ensure the transparency and reliability of the information.

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