THE HEGEMONY OF KEYBOARD DEFAULTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Alice Zaugg ◽  
Jonathan Reeve
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Language Diversity ◽  
Unique Form ◽  
The West ◽  
Colonial Legacy ◽  
Text Input ◽  
Stress Injuries ◽  
Computer Keyboard ◽  
Repetitive Stress ◽  
Selection Of

No single tool is more fundamental to writing—and more unexamined—than the computer keyboard. Most of us in the West never consider that the standard QWERTY key layout, i.e. the staggered key design and the selection of keys available, is anything but the received, traditional means of text input. And as such, keyboard/device manufacturers wield a unique form of power: they dictate the kind of words we can create. They further decide, however unconsciously, the motions our fingers take when we write; the staggered layout was necessary for the proper functioning of mechanical typewriters, but has no necessity for computers (let alone mobile devices), yet continues to be replicated, despite the fact that it is responsible for repetitive stress injuries that could be eliminated or reduced with an improved ergonomic design. QWERTY may even shape the meaning of words that we type. Furthermore, considering the global reach of QWERTY against the backdrop of language diversity, and particularly the approximately 300 non-Latin scripts in existence, the hegemony of default QWERTY keyboards hints at the ongoing impacts of the colonial legacy within digital technologies. Thus, to make computing, and the Internet, more equitable and humane, we must reimagine our keyboard layouts, the characters they include, and our modes of human-computer interaction. Our paper presents this case, employing data analyses of hardware and software keyboard usage statistics.

Teaching the West and the World from the Massachusetts Framework

1998 ◽  
Vol 180 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
Paul Gagnon
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Science Curriculum ◽  
World History ◽  
Student Assessment ◽  
The West ◽  
The Social ◽  
Curriculum Framework ◽  
Massachusetts History ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Selection Of

This article summarizes how teachers may implement the Massachusetts History and Social Science Curriculum Framework as they design and teach courses in Western civilization and world history. It discusses the integration of history, geography, and the social sciences, together with suggested approaches to common problems such as the balance between Western and world studies, selection of main topics and questions, professional development, student assessment, and challenges teachers may confront.

scholarly journals Implementing Multi-Criteria Analysis in the Selection of AUCHS for the Integration of Digital Technologies into the Tourism Offering: The Case of MeDryDive

Heritage ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 4460-4472
Author(s):  
Angelos Manglis ◽  
Paschalina Giatsiatsou ◽  
Dimitra Papadopoulou ◽  
Vasiliki Drouga ◽  
Anastasia Fourkiotou
Keyword(s):  
Site Selection ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Underwater Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Industry ◽  
Appropriateness Criteria ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tourism Product ◽  
Tourism Destinations ◽  
Selection Of

Focusing on both physical and virtual accessibility, this paper presents the methodology developed by MeDryDive for the selection of AUCHS (Accessible Underwater Cultural Heritage Sites) in Greece, Italy, Croatia, and Montenegro. MeDryDive is a project that aims at the promotion of AUCHS in the Mediterranean as distinctive tourism destinations through personalized dry dive experiences. The candidate sites are assessed in order to be included in the transnational thematic tourism product “Dive in the Past” and promoted through Creative and Cultural Industry (CCI) applications, including a Serious Game, Augmented and Virtual Reality applications, and promotional videos, all developed in the context of the project. The main goal of the methodology is to meet the requirements for both the sustainability of the thematic tourism product and the digital applications’ development. The assessment of AUCHS is based on specific criteria that result from setting weighing factors and classifying indicators as either critical or non-critical. The criteria are categorized into core (feasibility) criteria and complementary (appropriateness) criteria for determining the total level of readiness. This set of criteria enables site selection through an elimination method, identifying the suitable pilot and follow-on sites for the integration of digital technologies into the tourism offering.

scholarly journals Transnationalist Spirituality of Rabindranath Tagore

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ashim Dutta
Keyword(s):  
The West ◽  
Spiritual Orientation ◽  
Rabindranath Tagore ◽  
Secular Humanism ◽  
Western Modernity ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
Alternative Vision ◽  
The Social ◽  
Eastern Cultures ◽  
Selection Of

<p>Focusing on a selection of Rabindranath Tagore’s essays, lectures, and a few of his creative works, this essay draws attention to the spiritual orientation of Tagore’s transnationalism. In his vast and multifaceted writings, Tagore offers an alternative vision of transnational union of humanity, different from and often resistant to nationalist distributions of human relationship. Through close readings of Tagore’s works, this essay complicates Orientalist notions of the East-West polarities. While strongly opposing Western imperialist ideology, Tagore was always frank about his trust in and indebtedness to the liberal humanist values of the West. On the other hand, despite upholding Indian or Eastern spirituality, he was critically aware of the social and political crises of the contemporary East. A large volume of his works betrays his scepticism about any political solution to national and international problems. What he promotes is a spiritual concord of the best in Western and Eastern cultures, connecting the liberal humanist conscience of the West with the harmonizing, all-inclusive spiritual wisdom of the East. Neither completely secular nor thoroughly religious in an institutional sense, the transnationalist spirituality of Tagore bridges the gap between the secular humanism of Western modernity and the mystic–religious spirituality of Eastern antiquity, offering nuanced perspectives on both. </p>

Reading Selected Sagas

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-147
Author(s):  
Carl Phelpstead
Keyword(s):  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
The West ◽  
Njals Saga ◽  
Selection Of

Chapter 4 examines a selection of the most admired and most widely studied sagas of Icelanders. It demonstrates how the source traditions discussed in chapter 2 and the thematic concerns examined in chapter 3 come together in narrative explorations of identity. Themes of gender and sexuality, family, human and non-human relations, friendship, and more are explored in brief yet thorough overviews of these Icelandic stories. The texts discussed in detail include: Auðunar þáttr vestfirzka (“The Tale of Audun from the West Fjords”), the poets’ sagas (skáldasögur), Egils saga Skallagrímssonar, the Vínland sagas, outlaw sagas (Gísla saga and Grettis saga), Laxdæla saga and Njáls saga.

Webb, Phyllis (1927– )

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Dalgleish
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Full Length ◽  
The West ◽  
University Of British Columbia ◽  
Mcgill University ◽  
Phyllis Webb ◽  
The University ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Selection Of

Phyllis Webb, OC is a Canadian poet, teacher, and broadcaster. She was born in Victoria, British Columbia and attended the University of British Columbia and McGill University. She is the author of numerous books of poetry, a selection of prose, and a collection of broadcast scripts, essays and reviews published as Talking (1982). Her first collection of poems was published alongside work by Eli Mandel and Gael Turnbull in Trio (1954). Webb’s first full-length collection, Even Your Right Eye (1956) was followed by The Sea is Also a Garden (1962). She began working at CBC Toronto in 1964 and acted as the producer of the ‘Ideas’ programme from 1967–1969. Her 1965 collection Naked Poems marked a point of departure with its compact forms and erotic evocation of lesbian desire. After returning to the West Coast, Webb did not publish another full-length collection until Wilson’s Bowl (1980). She won the Governor General’s Award for The Vision Tree (1982). Webb’s interest in the Persian ghazal form inspired Sunday Water: Thirteen Anti-Ghazals (1982) and Water and Light: Ghazals and Anti-Ghazals (1984). Her consistent concern with form manifests itself in her formal experimentation and her meticulous crafting of poems.

A Preliminary Report on the Small Finds from Excavations at Lepcis Magna 1994-95

1996 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally-Ann Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Soft Material ◽  
Short Report ◽  
Small Object ◽  
The West ◽  
Bow And Arrow ◽  
Female Figures ◽  
Small Finds ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThis is a short report on a selection of the small finds from the excavations of a Roman house which lies to the west of the theatre at Lepcis Magna. The pottery and coins from the current levels of excavation have been dated to the late 5th and early 6th centuries AD; however, many of the objects seem to be residual. One of the most interesting finds was a solid bronze ring, decorated with two female figures. The object seems to have been functional, with the ring and the bars on which the woman are seated being attached to a soft material such as leather. These characteristics, which can be found on parallel examples, along with other bronze artefacts from the site suggest that the former was part of the decoration of a horse drawn carriage. Several pieces of jewellery were found including two gemstones which were once part of a finger ring, dating from the 2nd century AD. The first is a garnet and shows the goddess Artemis/Diane in her role of huntress, holding a bow and arrow. The second, which is a cornelian, is decorated with a portrait of a youth and may well be a local copy of a type circulating at the time. Many pieces of locally crafted bone and ivory were also found, including a bone plaque with a floral decoration which was originally intended as a decorative inlay for a small object such as a box. A similar piece from Egypt has been dated to around the 3rd or 4th centuries AD.

Population and Habitat Selection of the Noisy Scrub-bird, Atrichornis clamosus, 1962-83

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
GT Smith
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Incomplete Data ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Population Index ◽  
South West ◽  
Number Of Males ◽  
Selection Of

The noisy scrub-bird Atrichornis clamosus at Two Peoples Bay was censused, the number of singing males being used as the population index. Incomplete data from 1962 to 1968 suggest that the number of males varied from 40 to 50 during this period. The first rigorous census found 45 males in 1970 and this number increased to 138 in 1983. The most likely reason for this increase is the absence of fire from the area since 1970. Since 1975 the population has expanded out of its headland stronghold to the south-west of Two Peoples Bay to form a subpopulation around Lake Gardner that is well separated from the headland population by roads, firebreaks and a strip of control burnt blocks. The growth of this subpopulation has added a further safeguard to the population. Observations on the vegetation formations (heath, thicket, low forest A and low forest B) used by male noisy scrub-birds on the headland indicate that most of the best habitat (low forest B) is occupied and that an increasing number of males are occupying suboptimal habitat (heath and thicket). There is sufficiently good habitat to the west of Lake Gardner to allow at least 30 additional males to live in the area.

Report on Excavations at the Toumba and Tables of Vardaróftsa, Macedonia, 1925, 1926.

1926 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 1-66
Author(s):  
W. A. Heurtley
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Strong Point ◽  
The Village ◽  
Selection Of

The Toumba and Tables of Vardaróftsa lie at the south end of a ridge that separates Lake Amátovo and the Vardár river (Fig. 1), some 35 kilometres N.W. of Salonika (Fig. 2). To south and east the ridge falls gently to the lower levels; more abruptly on the west to the river's edge. Northward, the ridge extends to where the Toumba of Várdino crowns its other extremity, looking down on the flats round Karasouli.Between the Toumba of Vardaróftsa and the river, where now stand the village church and a few houses, rises the fine spring which no doubt attracted the original settlers to the site and assured its continuous occupation. A further reason for the selection of the site was perhaps the fact that the river is easily fordable at this point, and travellers passing from the Struma valley into Western Macedonia would make the crossing here. In Homeric times, when the Vardár formed the frontier of Priam's kingdom, the place must have had strategic importance, and in later times, when the successive settlements had raised the artificial mass high above the surrounding level, it must have offered a valuable strong-point from which the whole country-side could be commanded.

Correcting Movement Imbalances with Yoga Therpay

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Marie Janisse
Keyword(s):  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Yoga Therapy ◽  
Postural Alignment ◽  
Quality Of Movement ◽  
Repetitive Stress ◽  
Selection Of

Yoga teachers and therapists recognize the need for correct postural alignment. The quality of movement is equally important. When a person moves incorrectly, joints deviate from their centers of rotation. Mechanical stress occurs with repeated incorrect movement and results in degeneration of the joint and eventual pain from repetitive stress. Yoga therapists and teachers influence the movement patterns of their students by their choice of âsanas. By identifying an incorrect pattern of movement,a Yoga therapist can be more specific in the selection of âsanas to alleviate pain and to help students avoid pain in the future. This article offers an introduction to the principles of movement balancing and a classification of movement patterns in the low back to demonstrate the practical application of movement balancing in Yoga therapy.

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