scholarly journals Community Participation: How the population contributes to urban planning and cities’ development in Brazil and Portugal

Terr Plural ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-409
Author(s):  
Ana Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Participatory Budgeting ◽  
Popular Participation ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Main Instrument

The urban environment, understood as the environment changed by man, is represented by the city as a space for the coexistence of individuals, endowed with an entire infrastructure composed of public goods and services, which aim at the well-being of its inhabitants. When people effectively participate in decision-making interest in cities, they feel more responsible for the outcome of their decisions, providing a political maturity of the population. In both Brazil and Portugal, the Master Plan is the main instrument for planning and regulating cities and the urban environment. The difference between them may lie in the fact that Brazil is one step ahead with popular participation in urban planning and participatory budgeting, probably due to the political and socio-economic characteristics of the country, and the needs that this condition imposes on its inhabitants. Regardless of both Brazil and Portugal already make great efforts in this direction, and the question of community involvement in the decision-making process, urban planning, and participatory budgeting is already addressed and considered (although at different levels, stages, and legal formalization), there is still much to be done in this direction to ensure the effective participation of the population in the construction and evolution of cities.

scholarly journals Engaging the Senses: The Potential of Emotional Data for Participation in Urban Planning

Urban Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afif Fathullah ◽  
Katharine Willis
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
Information Layer ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Planning Decision

This paper presents an exploratory study on the potential for sharing urban data; one where citizens create their own data and use it to understand and influence urban planning decisions. The aim of the study is to explore new models of participation through the sharing of emotional data and focuses on the relationship between the physical space and emotions through identifying the links between stress levels and specific features of the urban environment. It addresses the problem in urban planning that, while people’s emotional connection with the physical urban setting is often valued, it is rarely recognised or used as a source of data to understand future decision making. The method involved participants using a (GSR) device linked to location data to measure participant’s emotional responses along a walking route in a city centre environment. Results show correlations between characteristics of the urban environment and stress levels, as well as how specific features of the city spaces create stress ‘peaks’. In the discussion we review how the data obtained could contribute to citizens creating their own information layer—an emotional layer—that could inform a shared approach to participation in urban planning decision-making. The future implications of the application of this method as an approach to public participation in urban planning are also considered.

scholarly journals Community Participation in Decision Making Processes in Urban Planning: The Case of Kaunas

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-208
Author(s):  
Laura Jankauskaite-Jureviciene ◽  
◽  
Aušra Mlinkauskienė ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
City Planning ◽  
City Community ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Legal Obligations ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Participation In Decision Making

Participation in decision-making processes forshadows enabling citizens, communities, non-governmental organizations and other interested parties to influence the formulation of policies and laws affecting them. The purpose of this study is not only to review Lithuanian legal documents, but also to analyse recent processes in Kaunas city planning. Kaunas city is undergoing various urban processes, which do not always meet the needs of the community. This study presents an analysis of the forms of community involvement in the urban planning processes and survey data on the effectiveness of community involvement. The methodology requires using a sociological survey with representatives of the city community and a comparative analysis between legal obligations and actual urbanization process.

Planning Online

2010 ◽  
pp. 15-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tan Yigitcanlar
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Decision Mechanisms

The first use of computing technologies and the development of land use models in order to support decision-making processes in urban planning date back to as early as mid 20th century. The main thrust of computing applications in urban planning is their contribution to sound decision-making and planning practices. During the last couple of decades many new computing tools and technologies, including geospatial technologies, are designed to enhance planners’ capability in dealing with complex urban environments and planning for prosperous and healthy communities. This chapter, therefore, examines the role of information technologies, particularly internet-based geographic information systems, as decision support systems to aid public participatory planning. The chapter discusses challenges and opportunities for the use of internet-based mapping application and tools in collaborative decision-making, and introduces a prototype internet-based geographic information system that is developed to integrate public-oriented interactive decision mechanisms into urban planning practice. This system, referred as the ‘Community-based Internet GIS’ model, incorporates advanced information technologies, distance learning, sustainable urban development principles and community involvement techniques in decision-making processes, and piloted in Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan.

Decision-Making Competencies in Engineering and Medicine

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz-Josef Kahlen ◽  
George Swingler ◽  
Anabela C. Alves ◽  
Shannon Flumerfelt
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Engineering Education ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
Academic Education ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Difference

A number of studies conducted since the turn of the millennium have identified several deficits in engineering education; the most widely cited are deficits in critical analysis, systems thinking, and visualizing non-linear cause-effect chains. The field of engineering education has undergone a number of notable changes in response to such identified deficits but recent field studies such as Vision 2030 identified remaining shortfalls in engineering competencies as well as significant discrepancies in the perception of the severity of these deficits. While academic engineering programs feel that their programs adequately prepare engineering students for the practice of engineering, entry-level hiring managers disagree. In the practice of medicine, decision-making in practicing physicians is a critical competency which can make the difference between appropriate and incorrect diagnoses, and may affect the patient’s well-being or his life. Making a decision for an appropriate treatment plan in the face of insufficient or contradicting data points often times is compounded by the fact that time-scales can be significantly shorter than in the case of a machine design project. And while the majority of patients is discharged from hospital care in better health, medical professionals and educators are questioning their own approach to decision making in light of technological advances affecting their disciplines, and because of an improved understanding of the biochemistry and opportunities of genetic manipulations of the human body. Therefore, the field of medical decision making is also undergoing an overhaul in the education and training of medical students. This paper contrasts the current decision-making competencies that are imparted as part of the respective fields’ academic education, identifies the challenges in each discipline, and identifies opportunities for cross-pollination of better practices to develop decision-making competencies.

scholarly journals O rendilhado de poderes e tensões. As inter-relações de animadores e agentes de pastoral nas CEBs

2002 ◽  
Vol 62 (247) ◽  
pp. 576
Author(s):  
Jomar Ricardo da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Main Instrument ◽  
Essential Contribution ◽  
The Catholic Church

A Igreja Católica, através das Comunidades Eclesiais de Base, surgidas no Brasil na década de 60, tem no trabalho dos agentes de Pastoral o principal elemento de atuação, sendo eles os responsáveis pela formação, organização e coordenação dos citados grupos religiosos. No entanto, para atingir os objetivos especificados no projeto pastoral diocesano, eles necessitam da indispensável colaboração dos animadores. O que este estudo se propõe é analisar os fundamentos das diferenças de poder e carisma existentes na relação envolvendo os dois segmentos, a partir da perspectiva do animador, e como seu resultado, as “relações injustas”, repercute no processo de decisão das comunidades.Abstract: The Catholic Church, through the Basic Ecclesiastical Communities (Comunidades Eclesiais de Base), which arose in Brazil in the 1960s, has relied on the role of the pastoral agents, the main instrument of achievement to build, organize and coordinate the aforesaid religious groups. However, they, in turn, also need the essential contribution on the part of the animators to meet the objectives fixed by the pastoral project of the diocese. The purpose of this study is to analyse the reasons of the difference of power and charisma in the relation between the two segments from the point of view of the animator and to find how unfair relations reverberate in the process of decision-making in the communities.

Salutogenic Design: Hidden Opportunities for Health Improvement and Well-Being of the Population

2019 ◽  
pp. 10-17
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Preventive Strategies ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
The World

All over the world, more and more professionals are aware of the urgent need to invest in a healthy and ecological built environment. This landmark shift can occur through the introduction of the principles of salutogenic design, according to which the constructed buildings should be a place that contributes to the saving and improving health, a sense of well-being. The amazing results of the influence of the built environment on health are obtained, which brings the concept of salutogenic design to the fore of the global opportunities of urban planning in providing the health of the population. Salutogenic design and architecture can take its worthy place in the forefront of preventive strategies that have the potential to reduce (decrease) the burden of noncommunicable diseases and change our lives for the better. The review considers the principles and approaches to planning urbanized built environment of the future from the perspective of salutogenic design with one simple goal: to create a healthy society. The solution of this problem requires an interdisciplinary and interagency approach, joint efforts of a number of specialists: architects, medical experts, psychologists, sociologists, designers, engineers, planners. Only a comprehensive approach will make it possible to organize the urban environment in such a way that it allows to preserve health, ecology and would be beneficial from an economic point of view.

scholarly journals Distinguishing between household headship with and without power and its association with subjective well-being among older adults: an analytical cross-sectional study in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shobhit Srivastava ◽  
S. K. Singh ◽  
Manish Kumar ◽  
T. Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Household Headship ◽  
The Family

Abstract Background The status of household headship accorded to the older members of the family is often symbolic and seldom vested with some control over resources. The increased dependency and diminished ability to contribute to household economy are major factors that lead to a decline in the respect accorded to older people and their status in the family. The present study aimed to understand the distinction between the functional and nominal household headship status of older adults based on their decision-making power and examine how it is associated with their subjective well-being. Method The present research used data from the 'Building a Knowledge Base on Population Aging in India' (BKPAI) which is nationally representative. The survey was conducted in 2011, across seven states of India. Descriptive statistics along with percentage distribution were calculated for subjective well-being over explanatory variables. For finding the association between subjective well-being over explanatory variables, binary logistic regression model was used. Results The mean age of the study population was 68 years [CI: 67.8–68.2]. About 5 % of older adults had nominal while 95% had functional headship status. The prevalence of low subjective well-being (LSWB) was significantly higher among older adults with nominal headship status (58%) than functional headship status (23%). After controlling for several other variables, older adults with nominal headship status were 59% significantly more likely to have low subjective well-being than individuals with functional headship status (OR = 1.59; 95% CI: 1.10, 2.31). Further, older adults with psychological distress, chronic morbidity, poor self-reported health, no community involvement and no one to trust on were at higher risk of LSWB than their counterparts. Conclusions Findings suggest that older adults who do not have a household headship with power with active participation in household decision-making as well as those who have no involvement in social activities or have poor health conditions need to be given more attention. Thus, to keep a large proportion of older population gainfully engaged, their care and support should be ensured via providing appropriate services that would enhance their roles and responsibilities and overall wellbeing.

scholarly journals Saint Petersburg Experience of Participatory Budgeting

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Natalia G. Lukyanova
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Participatory Design ◽  
Participatory Budgeting ◽  
School Students ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
New Type ◽  
Budget Decision

The article is devoted to summarizing the experience of implementing participatory budgeting practices in Saint Petersburg over a five-year period as well as the role and forms of citizen involvement in budget decision-making. An innovative form of public discussion, through the participation of citizens in the work of the budget commission, allowed one not only to attract a significant number of citizens to solve the problems of the metropolis, but also to increase the efficiency of budget fund spending. Special attention is paid to the testing of a new type of public participation in the development of the urban environment, namely participatory design, one of the effects of which is the possibility of attracting extra-budgetary sources of funding. The practice of participatory design is already in demand among potential investors and has shown good results in projects aimed at the development and improvement of newly built-up areas. School participatory budgeting practices were successful as well, in which high school students were asked to work out projects not only for the development of school infrastructure, but also that of the territory of Saint Petersburg’s districts. The experience gained allowed us to identify the main disadvantages and advantages of different practices, which will be taken into account when scaling them.

scholarly journals Adaptation techniques of an urban planning due to climate change

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 ◽  
pp. 05013
Author(s):  
Natalia Bakaeva ◽  
Maria Suvorova ◽  
Roman Sheps ◽  
Alexandra Kormina
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
New Challenges

In this paper there is reviewed a concept of adaptation of an urban planning to the changing climate conditions. The statements of the Framework Convention on Climate Change, UN FCCC, which are actively discussed these days in conditions of new challenges, determine a necessity of applying scientifically reasoned approaches to the landscape development and city transformation considering the climate change in the urban environment. There are discussed statements of climate change adapted concept of the urban planning and are reviewed examples of urban solutions corresponding to these statements. The authors are convinced that problem solving of the climate change adapted urban planning requires an interdisciplinary approach, embracing multiple scientific directions such as ecological, urban, social, technical and technological. In this aspect the concept of adaptation the urban planning to volatile climate conditions represent a long-term strategy of the urban development, which is, first of all, requires a preparation of a roadmap and then decision making, which would conduce to forming a fully comfortable and safe urban environment.

scholarly journals Participatory Budgeting in Urban Regeneration: Defining the Gap Between Formal and Informal Citizen Activism

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-137
Author(s):  
Alisa Koroļova ◽  
Sandra Treija
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Urban Regeneration ◽  
Urban Transformation ◽  
Participatory Budgeting ◽  
Citizen Activism ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Urban Activism ◽  
Formal Tool ◽  
Planning Processes

AbstractUrban regeneration has been an ongoing process in many cities for decades. It has experienced various changes in terms of the main driving force, with public engagement becoming more and more important. One of the ways for communities to get involved in urban transformation is through participation in urban planning. Local communities are considered as partners in urban design processes, and in many countries their role in planning and design is defined by industry regulations. Still, one question is important – is public participation a formal tool or does it have an influence on planning and how it impacts decision making. Along with community involvement in planning processes, participatory budgeting has been developed as a public participatory approach in recent years. This gives a chance for inhabitants to participate in the budgetary decision-making process. The aim of this study is to analyse whether participatory budgeting, which is mainly municipal-led urban activism, answers the real needs of inhabitants in terms of urban regeneration. The interests of formal urban activism are defined and compared to the interests of informal urban activism actions, correlation and gaps are defined.

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