scholarly journals Effect of Glycyrrhizic Acid on Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. S48-55
Author(s):  
Ju Yeon Ban ◽  
Hyun Kyung Park ◽  
Su Kang Kim
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Glycyrrhizic Acid ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Uralensis ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Y Maze

Purpose: Cognitive impairment is one of the main symptoms of Alzheimer disease and other dementias. Glycyrrhiza uralensis is a natural product that has a protective effect against cognitive impairment. In this study, we investigated whether glycyrrhizic acid, among the main bioactive components of <i>Glycyrrhiza uralensis</i>, has a neuroprotective effect on scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment.Methods: Twenty-week-old male Institute of Cancer Research mice were used in this study. The scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment mice model was used. Glycyrrhizic acid was orally administered to mice once daily for 21 days, while scopolamine (1 mg/kg) treatment was delivered 30 minutes before behavioral tests. Donepezil (2 mg/kg) was used as a positive drug control. To evaluate the effect of glycyrrhizic acid, the following assessments were performed on hippocampal tissue: Y-maze test, acetylcholinesterase activity, antioxidant enzymes’ activity (superoxide dismutase, catalase). Western blotting for phosphor-extracellular signal-regulated kinase, P38, and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase was conducted.Results: We found that glycyrrhizic acid administration significantly improved scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in the Y-maze test. The acetylcholinesterase activity, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity in the glycyrrhizic acid-treated group showed a significant reversal of cognitive impairment compared with the scopolamine-treated group.Conclusions: Our results suggest that glycyrrhizic acid has a neuroprotective effect on cognitive function in scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment.

Yam (Dioscorea pseudojaponica Yamamoto) Ameliorates Cognition Deficit and Attenuates Oxidative Damage in Senescent Mice Induced by D-Galactose

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (05) ◽  
pp. 889-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan-Sung Chiu ◽  
Jeng-Shyan Deng ◽  
Ming-Tsuen Hsieh ◽  
Ming-Jen Fan ◽  
Min-Min Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Mice Brain ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

This study attempted to access the neuroprotective effect of yam (Dioscorea pseudojaponica Yamamoto) on the senescent mice induced by D-gal. The mice in the experiments were administered orally with yam (20, 100 or 500 mg/kg for 4 weeks, from the sixth week). The learning and memory abilities of the mice in Morris water maze test and the mechanisms involved in the neuroprotective effect of yam on the mice brain tissue were investigated. The content of diosgenin in the yam was also detected by using HPLC. Mice treated with yam were found to significantly improve their learning and memory abilities in Morris water maze test compared to those treated with D-gal (200 mg/kg for 10 weeks). In addition, yam was also found to increase the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and decrease the malondialdehyde (MDA) level on the brains of D-gal treated mice. Finally, the amount of diosgenin in the yam was 5.49 mg/g extract. To sum up, these results indicate that yam had the potential to be a useful treatment for cognitive impairment in TCM. Its beneficial effect may be partly mediated via enhancing endogenous antioxidant enzymatic activities.

scholarly journals Effects of Pueraria candollei var mirifica (Airy Shaw and Suvat.) Niyomdham on Ovariectomy-Induced Cognitive Impairment and Oxidative Stress in the Mouse Brain

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3442
Author(s):  
Yaowared Chulikhit ◽  
Wichitsak Sukhano ◽  
Supawadee Daodee ◽  
Waraporn Putalun ◽  
Rakvajee Wongpradit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Object Recognition Test ◽  
Pueraria Mirifica ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
17Β Estradiol

The effects of the phytoestrogen-enriched plant Pueraria mirifica (PM) extract on ovari-ectomy (OVX)-induced cognitive impairment and hippocampal oxidative stress in mice were investigated. Daily treatment with PM and 17β-estradiol (E2) significantly elevated cognitive behavior as evaluated by using the Y maze test, the novel object recognition test (NORT), and the Morris water maze test (MWM), attenuated atrophic changes in the uterus and decreased serum 17β-estradiol levels. The treatments significantly ameliorated ovariectomy-induced oxidative stress in the hippocampus and serum by a decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA), an enhancement of superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity, including significantly down-regulated expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α proinflammatory cytokines, while up-regulating expression of PI3K. The present results suggest that PM extract suppresses oxidative brain damage and dysfunctions in the hippocampal antioxidant system, including the neuroinflammatory system in OVX animals, thereby preventing OVX-induced cognitive impairment. The present results indicate that PM exerts beneficial effects on cognitive deficits for which menopause/ovariectomy have been implicated as risk factors.

scholarly journals Neuroprotective Effect and Molecular Mechanism of [6]-Gingerol against Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia in C57BL/6 Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Yul Kim ◽  
Yongtaek Seo ◽  
Chan Lee ◽  
Gyu Hwan Park ◽  
Jung-Hee Jang
Keyword(s):  
Escape Latency ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Camp Response Element Binding ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Camp Response Element ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
Element Binding Protein ◽  
The Brain

We have investigated the neuroprotective and memory enhancing effect of [6]-gingerol (GIN), a pungent ingredient of ginger, using an animal model of amnesia. To determine the neuroprotective effect of GIN on cognitive dysfunction, scopolamine (SCO, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected into C57BL/6 mice, and a series of behavioral tests were conducted. SCO-induced behavior changes and memory impairments, such as decreased alteration (%) in Y-maze test, increased mean escape latency in water maze test, diminished step-through latency in passive avoidance test, and shortened freezing time in fear condition test, were significantly prevented and restored by the oral administration of GIN (10 or 25 mg/kg/day). To further verify the neuroprotective mechanism of GIN, we have focused on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The administration of GIN elevated the protein expression of BDNF, which was mediated via the activation of protein kinase B/Akt- and cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway. These results suggest that GIN may have preventive and/or therapeutic potentials in the management of memory deficit and cognitive impairment in mice with amnesia.

scholarly journals Neuroprotective effect of pterostilbene on ketamine induced schizophrenia in mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (03) ◽  
pp. 96-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasudha Bakshi ◽  
Devender Palsa ◽  
Nazia Begum ◽  
Jeevan Kommidi ◽  
Kapishwar Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Oxidant Stress ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Y Maze

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of pterostilbene on the behavior of mice and oxidative stress under the influence of Ketamine induced schizophrenia model. Methods: Schizophrenia was induced in mice by ketamine (50mg/kg/day, i.p, for 14 days). The treatment effect of pterostilbene (10 and 20 mg/kg/day, p.o, for 14 days) were verified on Actophotometer, Y-maze, Forced swim test (FST), open field apparatus, acetylcholinesterase activity and anti oxidant stress-related biomarker (Catalase, GSH, TBARS, SOD) levels in brain tissues. Results: Pterostilbene decreased TBARS, AChE and increased SOD, CAT, GSH levels in mice brain when compared with control group. It also improved spatial recognition memory, decreased mobility time, decreased exploratory behaviour and locomotor activity as evident by improved performance in Y-Maze task, Forced swim test, Open field test and Locomotor activity test. Conclusion: Pterostilbene has a neuroprotective role related atleast in part to an antioxidant mechanism and Anti AChE activity, which could be explored as more effective therapies of schizophrenia and other psychiatric diseases.

Abstract P116: Exercise Ameliorated Cognitive Impairment Through ER Stress Mitigation in Alcohol Treated Exercise Ameliorated Cognitive Impairment Through Er Stress Mitigation in Alcohol Treated C57bl/6 Male Mice

Hypertension ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akash George ◽  
Kennedy Richardson ◽  
Yuankun Zhai ◽  
Suresh C Tyagi ◽  
Neetu Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Potent Inducer ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
And Behavior

Alcohol consumption is a potent inducer of oxidative stress (OS). Oxidative stress cause disturbance of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis, that triggers ER stress (ERS), cause neuronal damage in the brain. Our Previous data indicate that Alcohol consumption induces mitochondrial dysfunction and free radical production in mouse cerebral cortex. Exercise has been recommended by clinicians as a secondary protective therapy; however, its effect on brain functions through ER stress has not been fully explored. Therefore, we hypothesized that exercise improves Alcohol-induced neurodegeneration and decline in cognitive function through ER stress mitigation. To test this hypothesis, we selected 10-12 weeks old male wild-type mice (C57BL/6, WT), grouped as follows: 1) WT, 2) WT+ Alcohol, 3) WT+ Exercise, 4) WT+ Alcohol + Exercise. Mice were given an intraperitoneal injection of Alcohol (1.5g/kg BW) or saline solution every day for 8 weeks. The mice were exercised for 8 weeks on a treadmill with a controlled speed of 7 meters/min for the first week, the speed of 10 meters/min for the second week and 11 meters/min in the following weeks and a total of 330 meters every day. After each 110 meters mice were given rest of 10 minutes. Cognitive and behavior alterations were assessed by novel object recognition, Passive avoidance, and Y-maze tests. Our result showed there is a significantly impaired cognitive and behavior functions (600.00 ± 0.00 vs 480 ± 20.00, P<0.05) in Alcohol-treated group compared to WT control mice. However exercised significantly improved (0.37 ± 0.05 vs 0.63 ± 0.04 P<0.01) these functions as compared to Alcohol-treated group. Also, we observed an elevated blood pressure in the Alcohol-treated group (123.50 ± 1.17) and exercise brought that to the normal level (108.98 ± 4.47, P<0.01). In addition, the effect of exercise on neuronal survival in the Alcohol-treated mouse brain was confirmed by a decrease in by fluoro-jade C reactivity. Taken together, our results indicate a myriad of beneficiary effects of exercise over ER mitigation in Alcohol-treated mice. Furthermore, our findings suggest exercise alleviates neurodegeneration and cognitive dysfunction and thereby improving total brain function. This work was supported by NIH grant HL107640-NT

scholarly journals Xanthoceraside Ameliorates Mitochondrial Dysfunction Contributing to the Improvement of Learning and Memory Impairment in Mice with Intracerebroventricular Injection of Aβ1-42

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Fei Ji ◽  
Tian-Yan Chi ◽  
Qian Xu ◽  
Xiao-Lu He ◽  
Xiao-Yu Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
Abnormal Increase ◽  
Improved Learning

The effects of xanthoceraside on learning and memory impairment were investigated and the possible mechanism associated with the protection of mitochondria was also preliminarily explored in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mice model induced by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of Aβ1-42. The results indicated that xanthoceraside (0.08–0.32 mg/kg) significantly improved learning and memory impairment in Morris water maze test and Y-maze test. Xanthoceraside significantly reversed the aberrant decrease of ATP levels and attenuated the abnormal increase of ROS levels both in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus in mice injected with Aβ1-42. Moreover, xanthoceraside dose dependently reversed the decrease of COX, PDHC, and KGDHC activity in isolated cerebral cortex mitochondria of the mice compared with Aβ1-42 injected model mice. In conclusion, xanthoceraside could improve learning and memory impairment, promote the function of mitochondria, decrease the production of ROS, and inhibit oxidative stress. The improvement effects on mitochondria may be through withstanding the damage of Aβto mitochondrial respiratory chain and the key enzymes in Kreb’s cycle. Therefore, the results from present study and previous study indicate that xanthoceraside could be a competitive candidate for the treatment of AD.

scholarly journals Ameliorative potential of curcumin on cigarette smoke extract induced cognitive impairment in zebrafish

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loganathan Thilagavathi ◽  
Sara Jabeen ◽  
Shreyas Belagod Ravishankar ◽  
Syed Shakeeb Ahmed ◽  
Thomas George ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Cigarette Smoke Extract ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

ABSTRACTCurcumin is a major phyto-constituent of Curcuma longa. It has been reported that it that it showed various pharmacological actions via anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory actions. The present study undergoes the therapeutic evaluation of curcumin in cigarette smoke extract (CSE) exposure induced cognitive impairment in zebrafish. Methods: The cognitive impairment was induced by exposure to 25 ml of 200 % CSE; 10 minutes/day, for 7 consecutive days. The pre-treatment of curcumin (10 and 20 mg/kg) and montelukast(20 mg/kg) were exposed in 25 ml drug solution (10 minutes/day for 10 consecutive days). The changes of CSE induced cognitive dysfunction were evaluated by using different test methods such as colour recognition test; partition preference test; horizontal compartment test; and T-Maze tests. Further, the CSE exposure induced changes of biochemical parameters i.e., acetylcholinesterase activity; lipid peroxidation; reduced glutathione; and total protein levels were estimated in the brain of zebrafish. The pre-exposure of curcumin shown to produce the ameliorative effect against CSE induced neurocognitive impairments along with alteration of biochemical changes. Theseresults were comparable to reference control i.e., montelukast pre-treated group. Therefore, the curcumin can be served as newer medicines for immunological reaction associated neurocognitive disorders like Alzheimer and multiple sclerosis due to its potential anti-oxidative; anti-inflammatory; immunomodulatory; and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory actions.SUMMARYLoss of memory is a major problem in old age population. Curcumin used to treats the various neurological disorders. Curcumin possess the ameliorative potential in toxin induced neurocognitive function.

scholarly journals Behavioral, Biochemical and Histopathological effects of Standardised Pomegranate extract with Vinpocetine, Propolis or Cocoa in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azza A. Ali ◽  
Mona M. Kamal ◽  
Mona G. Khalil ◽  
Shimaa A. Ali ◽  
Hemat A. Elariny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Locomotor Activities ◽  
Histopathological Effects

AbstractIntroductionParkinsonism is a neurodegenerative disorder. Pomegranate (POM) has been previously shown to have a dopaminergic neuroprotective effect against Parkinsonism.ObjectiveThe aim of the current study is to compare the efficacy of POM, vinpocetine, Propolis, Cocoa or L-dopa using RT-induced Parkinsonism rat model.MethodsRats were divided into seven groups; one normal and five RT model groups. One of the RT (2.5 mg/kg sc) groups served as non-treated parkinsonism model whereas the others were treated with either L-dopa (10 mg/kg PO) or with POM (150 mg/kg PO) together with each of the following; vinpocetine (VIN) (20 mg/kg PO), Propolis (300 mg/kg PO), Cocoa (24 mg/kg PO). Motor and cognitive performances were examined using three tests (catalepsy, open-field, Y-maze). Striatal dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, acetylcholinesterase, GABA, Glutamate, GSK 3B, BDNF levels were assessed as well as MDA, SOD, TAC, IL-1β, TNF-α, iNOs and caspase-3. Also, histopathological examinations of different brain regions were determined.ResultsTreatment with L-dopa alone or with all POM combination groups alleviated the deficits in locomotor activities, cognition, monoamine levels, acetylcholinesterase activity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers as well as caspase-3 expression induced by RT.ConclusionCombinations of POM with each of VIN, Propolis or Cocoa have a promising disease-modifying antiparkinsonian therapy even without being given as an adjuvant to L-dopa.

scholarly journals Paclitaxel Chemotherapy Induces Long-Term Memory Impairment and Neuroinflammation in a Mouse Model of Breast Cancer Survivorship

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni-Chun Chung ◽  
Aeson Chang ◽  
Ryan Gillis ◽  
Erica Sloan ◽  
Adam K Walker
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Cancer Surgery ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Cumulative Impact ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
The Brain

Abstract BackgroundCancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) has been reported in cancer survivors 20 years or more after cancer treatment, and has been associated with sustained increases in circulating inflammatory biomarkers. One of the major risk factors for CRCI is chemotherapy, and preclinical studies typically examine the impact of chemotherapy in cancer naïve mice to evaluate potential mechanisms However, clinical evaluation of the long-term effects of chemotherapy cannot avoid the potential cumulative impact of preceding factors on the brain including the cancer itself and cancer surgery. MethodsTo evaluate the cumulative impact of cancer-related factors on cognitive impairment and hippocampal cytokine expression, we evaluated the effect of paclitaxel chemotherapy vs. placebo on a background of 67NR mammary carcinoma and surgical resection of the primary tumour in mice. Memory was assessed using the Y maze test and novel object/novel place recognition test. Changes in hippocampal pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, microglia and neuron markers were assessed using qRT-PCR. Results Cancer and cancer surgery was sufficient to induce long-term memory impairment and sustained increases in hippocampal pro-inflammatory cytokines. Paclitaxel prolonged spatial memory impairment in the Y maze test and exacerbated hippocampal Il6 and Tnfa mRNA expression compared with placebo treatment. ConclusionsThese findings suggest that cancer and cancer surgery can sensitise the brain to an exaggerated neuroinflammatory response to chemotherapy, and may contribute to sustained chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment observed in cancer survivors.

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