scholarly journals EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HEAD LICE IN CHILDREN ATTENDED TO AT A PUBLIC HOSPITAL IN UBERLÂNDIA, MINAS GERAIS STATE, BRAZIL

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Messias Marinho ◽  
Beatriz Araújo Milan ◽  
Raquel Borges-Moroni ◽  
Julio Mendes ◽  
Fábio Tonissi Moroni
Keyword(s):  
School Environment ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Head Lice ◽  
Pediculosis Capitis ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
And Control

Pediculosis capitis is a public health problem not only in Brazil, but also in many countries worldwide. Children are the most likely population group to be infested. The purpose of this study was to verify the prevalence of head lice in children seen at the public hospital in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais State, and factors associated with ectoparasitosis in this group. In addition, data about the transmission, prevention and control were obtained from the children’s parents or guardians. The scalp and hair of every child aged 2 to 12, attended to at the hospital pediatric outpatient clinic from 2015 to 2017, were examined. Questionnaires and characterization sheets were also used to obtain and record the information. The overall prevalence rate observed was 2.8%. The highest prevalence rates were observed in girls with medium length hair. Children presented a relatively low prevalence of head lice in the parasitological examinations. However, the answers to the questionnaires indicated that this ectoparasitosis is common in this population group. All the children examined were of school age, and their parents or guardians indicated the school environment as the main source of infestations. The responses to the questionnaires also highlighted evidence of negligence on the part of guardians of positive children regarding the occurrence of this ectoparasitosis. The information obtained indicates that authorities should design/improve their plans of action regarding guidelines for parents or guardians for adequate prevention and control of this ectoparasitosis.

scholarly journals Occurrence of head lice in children and adolescents seen at a hospital in Uberlândia, central Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-72
Author(s):  
Leticia Rubia Silva Cadima ◽  
Raquel Borges-Moroni ◽  
Julio Mendes ◽  
Fabio Tonissi Moroni
Keyword(s):  
Public Hospital ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Head Lice ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
State Education ◽  
Hair Type ◽  
Transmission Prevention ◽  
And Control

The purpose of this study was to verify the occurrence of head lice in children at a public hospital in Uberlândia, MG and factors associated with pediculosis such as sex, age, hair characteristics and socioeconomic conditions, as well as obtaining information from their parents/guardians regarding the epidemiology, its transmission, prevention and control. To obtain the data, direct hair inspection and a characterization sheet and questionnaire were utilized. An occurrence rate of 6.1 % was found in 230 children examined in a public hospital, 111 females and 119 males with the highest rates observed in female children aged 4-8 with medium to long hair. Income, level of education, hair washing, hair type, color and thickness did not seem to influence the distribution of pediculosis in the children seen in the hospital in Uberlândia. The questionnaire answered by parents/guardians indicated that the children had had at least one infestation in their lifetime. The use of fine comb and pesticides were the most usual control methods adopted. The most frequent symptom was severe itching on the scalp. Although the occurrence of head pediculosis is declining, it is still a prevalent public health problem in the child population of Uberlândia, MG. Pediculosis may be associated with sex, age and hair characteristics. Variations in the degree of these influencing factors depend on the profile of the population studied. Additional studies are required in population groups over time, particularly in those that are inadequately assisted or lack state education and health assistance.KEY WORDS: Pediculosis; ocurrence; Minas Gerais; Brazil.

scholarly journals A community-based randomized trial for the prevention and control of brucellosis among rural populations in Iran: application of the PRECEDE planning model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Jahangiry ◽  
Maryam Khazaee-Pool ◽  
Towhid Babazadeh ◽  
Parvin Sarbakhsh ◽  
Koen Ponnet
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Community Based ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Brucellosis is one of the most frequently occurring zoonotic diseases of veterinary and a public health problem in developing countries. It affects human and animal health and has measurable effects on the productive and reproductive performance of livestock. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to develop a community-based intervention program for brucellosis prevention and control. A two-arm parallel cluster randomized controlled trial investigated the effectiveness of the program over six months in a rural population in Ahar, East Azerbaijan, Iran. A total of 16 village health houses were randomly allocated to the intervention and the control groups (eight per arm), and 400 participants were recruited via household health records in the health houses. The PRECEDE model, which is an acronym for Predisposing, Reinforcing and Enabling Constructs in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation, was used to design, implement, and evaluate the brucellosis prevention and control program. Knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, social support, environmental enabling, and behavioral factors were measured at the baseline and the six-month follow-up. A generalized mixed effects model was used to analyze data. Results: The mean ages (SD) of the intervention and control group respondents were 35.9 (11.87) and 37.28 (11.04) years, respectively. After the six-month intervention, significant between-group differences were found on all PRECEDE variables, adjusted for education, history of brucellosis, and family history of brucellosis. Conclusion: There is a need to consolidate collaborative health and veterinary sector efforts, as well as increase regular vaccination practices and financial resources to support farmers willing to slaughter animals and/or offer slaughter facilities. The present study was able to demonstrate which educational and ecological factors influence behaviors and environments related to brucellosis and, as such, provide evidence of the effectiveness of interventions based on the PROCEDE model.

scholarly journals Physical disabilities resulting from hansen's disease in Vale do Jequitinhonha/State of Minas Gerais, Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 993-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Carlos Félix Lana ◽  
Evaldo Pinheiro Amaral ◽  
Fernanda Moura Lanza ◽  
Andrigo Neves e Silva Lopes de Saldanha
Keyword(s):  
Physical Disability ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Hansen's Disease ◽  
Hansen’S Disease ◽  
The People ◽  
And Control

Leprosy is potentially debilitating. The present study aims at describing and assessing the occurrence of physical disabilities in cases of leprosy in the population of the Vale do Jequitinhonha/MG, in the period 1998-2006. It is an epidemiological descriptive study and the data were collected from the Leprosy Notification Forms. This information was processed using EPI-INFO and analyzed, based on the indicators recommended by the Ministry of Health and the force of association between variables. Of the 1461 cases notified, 46.2% were diagnosed with some kind of physical disability (12.1% degree II). Of these, 59.1% were male; 96.9% of the people were over 15 years old, and 93.2% were multibacillary (p < 0.001). A hidden prevalence of 433 cases was estimated in the period 2002-2006. The results show that the diagnosis of Hansen's disease in the region is late, revealing the need to intensify prevention and control.

Taking action on prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases in Bhutan by strengthening gross national happiness

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Gyambo Sithey ◽  
Anne Marie Thow ◽  
Jayendra Sharma ◽  
Karma Lhazin ◽  
Mu Li
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Gross National Happiness ◽  
National Happiness ◽  
And Control

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are major public health problem in Bhutan, accounting for 68% of total deaths. The growing epidemic of NCDs threatens the achievement of Gross National Happiness (GNH). NCDs are the results of complex interaction of social and economic risk factors and change in diet and lifestyle. Effective action to prevent and control these diseases requires a whole-of-government approach.In this paper we review new evidence to support political priority for NCDs in Bhutan. One third of the Bhutanese are overweight (33%) and hypertensive (35.7), and 6.4% are diabetic. The prevalence of modifiable risk factors is also very high. We also present the analysis of strategic policy opportunities for health sector to integrate the ‘Multisectoral national action plan for the prevention and control of NCDs, 2015-2020’ into policies across all relevant sectors. Our analysis has identified three specific opportunities for the health sector to engage strategically to strengthen action on NCDs and GNH, concurrently: 1) raising priority actions on NCDs within the existing GNH multisectoral committee, to achieve both health and happiness objectives; 2) identifying shared agenda between NCDs and GNH to achieve both health and happiness objectives; and 3) identifying shared GNH determinants between NCDs and GNH to enhance action on NCDs. Addressing NCDs aligns with the optimization of Gross National Happiness. It is imperative that the Government of Bhutan recognize that action on NCDs is an integral element for achieving GNH.

scholarly journals Use of Indicator Kriging to Investigate Schistosomiasis in Minas Gerais State, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo J. P. S. Guimarães ◽  
Corina C. Freitas ◽  
Luciano V. Dutra ◽  
Carlos A. Felgueiras ◽  
Sandra C. Drummond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Indicator Kriging ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
And Control

Geographic Information Systems (GISs) are composed of useful tools to map and to model the spatial distribution of events that have geographic importance as schistosomiasis. This paper is a review of the use the indicator kriging, implemented on the Georeferenced Information Processing System (SPRING) to make inferences about the prevalence of schistosomiasis and the presence of the species ofBiomphalaria, intermediate hosts ofSchistosoma mansoni, in areas without this information, in the Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The results were two maps. The first one was a map ofBiomphalariaspecies, and the second was a new map of estimated prevalence of schistosomiasis. The obtained results showed that the indicator kriging can be used to better allocate resources for study and control of schistosomiasis in areas with transmission or the possibility of disease transmission.

scholarly journals Prevalence and temporal trend (2005–2015) of anaemia among children in Northeast Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 868-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Coeli da Silva Vieira ◽  
Aline Roberta Silva do Livramento ◽  
Monique Suiane Cavalcante Calheiros ◽  
Carla Mariana Xavier Ferreira ◽  
Tamara Rodrigues dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Temporal Trend ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
And Control ◽  
Moderate Magnitude

AbstractObjectiveAnaemia is the main nutritional deficiency in Brazil, and a prevention and control programme (National Program for Iron Supplementation) has been developed since 2005. Studies on the temporal evolution of anaemia prevalence contribute to assessment of the effectiveness of the actions undertaken. The present study aimed to identify the prevalence and temporal trend of anaemia in children.DesignStudy based on two cross-sectional household surveys carried out in 2005 and 2015. Anaemia was defined as Hb<11 g/dl (HemoCue®). Trend analysis was performed using the prevalence ratio (PR), calculated by Poisson regression with a robust adjustment of the variance. Differences were significant when P<0·05 in both crude analyses and those adjusted for possible confounding factors (e.g. socio-economic, demographic and health variables).SettingAlagoas, Brazil.SubjectsIn total, 666 and 782 children in the first and second Alagoas State Health and Nutrition Survey, respectively (probabilistic samples).ResultsIn 2005 and 2015, anaemia prevalence was 45·1 and 27·4 %, respectively (−39·1 %; PR=0·61; 95 % CI 0·52, 0·70). In both surveys, children aged ≤24 months were more affected (P<0·01) than those aged >24 months (67·2 v. 40·7 %; 27·0 v. 19·3 %, respectively).ConclusionsThe prevalence of anaemia reduced significantly in the evaluated period. Thus, it may no longer be a severe public health problem but can instead be considered a problem of moderate magnitude. It remains, however, above the level considered acceptable according to WHO criteria. These results justify the implementation of prevention and control actions.

scholarly journals Hybrid methodology for tuberculosis incidence time-series forecasting based on ARIMA and a NAR neural network

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (6) ◽  
pp. 1118-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. WANG ◽  
C. DENG ◽  
J. P. LI ◽  
Y. Y. ZHANG ◽  
X. Y. LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Hybrid Model ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Arima Model ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
And Control

SUMMARYTuberculosis (TB) affects people globally and is being reconsidered as a serious public health problem in China. Reliable forecasting is useful for the prevention and control of TB. This study proposes a hybrid model combining autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) with a nonlinear autoregressive (NAR) neural network for forecasting the incidence of TB from January 2007 to March 2016. Prediction performance was compared between the hybrid model and the ARIMA model. The best-fit hybrid model was combined with an ARIMA (3,1,0) × (0,1,1)12 and NAR neural network with four delays and 12 neurons in the hidden layer. The ARIMA-NAR hybrid model, which exhibited lower mean square error, mean absolute error, and mean absolute percentage error of 0·2209, 0·1373, and 0·0406, respectively, in the modelling performance, could produce more accurate forecasting of TB incidence compared to the ARIMA model. This study shows that developing and applying the ARIMA-NAR hybrid model is an effective method to fit the linear and nonlinear patterns of time-series data, and this model could be helpful in the prevention and control of TB.

scholarly journals HEAD LICE IN SCHOOL CHILDREN IN UBERLANDIA, MINAS GERAIS STATE, BRAZIL

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela G. Mendes ◽  
Raquel Borges-Moroni ◽  
Fábio T. Moroni ◽  
Júlio Mendes
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Head Lice ◽  
Minas Gerais State

scholarly journals In vitro identification and control of Pestalotiopsis longisetula fungus, pathogens strawberry crop

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoel Araujo Teixeira ◽  
Rúbia Marcia Siqueira Martins ◽  
Rosana Faria Vieira ◽  
Carlos Ivan Aguilar Vildoso ◽  
Angélica Aparecida Vieira Adami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Present Experiment ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Pathogen Identification ◽  
The South ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
The Past ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Pathogen Control ◽  
And Control

Over the past seven years, pestalotiopsis has been the main strawberry disease found all over the crops located in the south of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The leaves of the plants were severely attacked by an uncommon fungus in the regional crops, mainly in 2005 and 2006. The non-immediate identification of the microorganism resulted in catastrophic pathogen control processes performed by farmers who, eagerly trying to save their crops ended up using a series of toxic agrochemicals that had been previously purchased for the control of other types of diseases. Due to these events, the present paper aims at identifying the pathogen and put chemical as well as biological products into test that might help control the disease. Results showed that no fungicide under test in the present experiment was able to inhibit the isolate at a 100% rate, even under in vitro conditions. Pathogen identification revealed a fungi known as Pestalotiopsis longisetula.

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