scholarly journals Epidemiology and predictors of occurrence of SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI infection in a low-endemicity area in northeast Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Silva Sousa ◽  
Marta Cristhiany Cunha Pinheiro ◽  
Alberto Novaes Ramos Júnior ◽  
Jose Damiao da Silva Filho ◽  
Fernando Schemelzer Moraes Bezerra
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Municipal Refuse ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

In Latin America 96% of the cases of schistosomiasis occur in Brazil in low-socioeconomic status populations. The epidemiological characteristics and occurrence predictors of Schistosoma mansoni infection were determined in the Bananeiras community, located in Capistrano, a town in Ceará state, Brazil. Sanitary, environmental, socioeconomic, and behavioral data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. An investigation to assess S. mansoni infection was conducted using the Kato-Katz and Point-of-Care Circulating Cathodic Antigen (POC-CCA) methods. From the 258 subjects were analyzed, 54.3% (n=140) were women, median age 30 years. Thirty-three (12.8%) individuals were positive by either egg- and/or CCA-positivity. The highest positivity rate was found in the 30-39 year old group. There was no piped water supply, sewage network or municipal refuse collection service. Most individuals were illiterate or had not finished elementary school (66.3%). About 29.1% of the families had a monthly income below one Brazilian minimum wage and 91.1% reported contact with natural water sources. We found an association between infection and age group of 20-40 years, illiteracy, household with 7 inhabitants or more, household with up to 3 rooms and an outhouse. Contrarily, being 40 years old or older and household with up to 6 inhabitants were not risk factors. Schistosomiasis remains a public health problem in this municipality, evidencing a strong association with low socioeconomic conditions and high vulnerability. These findings reinforce the importance of identifying the factors associated with the infection for more effective guidance in actions in control programs targeting schistosomiasis prevention and control.  KEY WORDS: Schistosomiasis; Schistosoma mansoni; epidemiology; predictors; low endemicity;urim antigen.

scholarly journals Relation of Sociodemographics and Personal Hygiene on Different Childhood Dermatoses

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
E Gauchan ◽  
A Kumar ◽  
G BK ◽  
P Thapa ◽  
J Pun
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dermatology Department ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Increased Risk

Background Skin diseases in children contribute to significant morbidity and psychological distress. Infective dermatoses are one of the major dermatoses in children. Low socioeconomic status, overcrowding and poor personal hygiene has been linked to skin diseases.Objective To find out the prevalence of infectious skin disease in children, rate of transmissible skin disease and association of sociodemographic factors and personal hygiene on infective childhood dermatoses.Method This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Pediatric and Dermatology Department, Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal. A total of 226 patients were examined over a period of one year. Relation of sociodemographics, crowding and personal hygiene on skin disease were assessed.Result The most common category was Infections and Infestations (51.3%) followed by Dermatitis (27.9%) . Transmissible skin disease was seen in 49.6%. Low socioeconomic status and overcrowding were associated with increased risk for infective dermatoses.Conclusion Skin disease in children constitutes a public health problem. Improving the socioeconomic status and personal hygiene can help to reduce the incidence of skin disease in children.Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.13(1) 2015; 29-33

scholarly journals Trachoma in Sudan: Case series from Two Eye Care Hospitals and a Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rawan Sharaf Eldein Elamein Hassan ◽  
Mohamed Abdulmonem Salih Aabdeen ◽  
Razan Sharaf Eldein Elamein Hassan ◽  
Sagad Omer Obeid Mohamed ◽  
Fadwa Mohammed Saad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Eye Care ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Household Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Hygiene

Abstract Background Trachoma is a common infectious cause of blindness worldwide. Although it has largely now disappeared from developed countries, it is still endemic in many developing countries. We aimed to highlight clinical stages and common related socio-demographic and household characteristics among patients with trachoma in Sudan. Methods A hospital-based case series descriptive study was conducted at Makah Eye Complex and Abdalfadeel-Almaz hospital in Khartoum, Sudan. We included all Trachoma patients from all age groups attending the two eye care hospitals in the period from 1st to 31st March 2015. Data was collected through clinical examination, hospital records, and face to face interview using a structured questionnaire, Also, we conducted a review of the literature to highlights the epidemiological aspect of trachoma in Sudan, using the databases of MEDLINE (PubMed) and Google Scholar. Results In this case series, we identified 125 patients with trachoma in the study period. Most of them were aged more than 50 years old (78.4%). Half of the participants (56%) were positive for active trachoma, 40.8% of them were having Trachomatous Trichiasis (TT), and 56% of them have Trachoma Follicles (TF). Majority of the patients have low socioeconomic status and poor personal and environmental hygiene (88%), (44%) and (74.4%), respectively. Conclusion Low socioeconomic status and poor personal and environmental hygiene are common socio-demographic and household characteristics among patients with trachoma. Despite the progress that has been made towards disease elimination, trachoma is still a public health problem in Sudan. Our review highlights the magnitude of trachoma and the progress towards its elimination in Sudan.

scholarly journals Evaluation De La Denutrition Chez Les Enfants Ages De 2 A 60 Mois Hospitalises Aux Services De Pediatrie Des Hopitaux De Ziguinchor (Senegal)

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 452
Author(s):  
Lamine Thiam ◽  
Babacar Niang ◽  
Francois Niokhor Diouf ◽  
Isabelle Jokébé Coly ◽  
Assane Dramé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
National Level ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Associated Conditions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children ◽  
A Prospective Study

Introduction: Malnutrition is a public health problem in developing countries. The prevalence of malnutrition at the national level hardly reflects the reality in hospitals. It is in this context that we assessed the nutritional status of children from 2 months to 5 years hospitalized in the pediatric ward of the regional hospital and the Ziguinchor Peace Hospital. Materials and methods: This was a prospective study from June 1 to October 30, 2016. Children aged 2 to 60 months, hospitalized in one of the two services, were included. Children with esdato-ascetic syndrome were not included. Epidemiological, anthropometric data, and associated diagnosis were studied. Results: We included 114 children (70 boys and 44 girls). The average age was 21.9 months [4-59]. Forty-two point one percent (42.1%) of infants <6 months were breastfed exclusively with breast milk. The weaning of children was done early in 55.3%. The mean age of mothers was 26.6 years [17-38]. The socioeconomic level was low in 62.3% of cases. The prevalence of malnutrition averaged 35.5% for underweight; 32.9% for wasting and 32.0% for stunting. Acute respiratory infections (ARI) and acute gastroenteritis were the most common associated conditions. Mean hospital stay was 8 days ± 009 [3-28]. About two thirds of the patients (n = 72) had a hospital stay of more than 7 days. Malnutrition was significantly associated with multiparity, low socioeconomic status, hospital stay of more than 7 days and infectious diseases. Conclusion: Infections and a hospital stay longer than a week are factors favoring malnutrition in children from 2 months to 5 years.

scholarly journals Monthly prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Gaitán-Rossi ◽  
Víctor Hugo Pérez Hernández ◽  
Mireya Vilar-Compte ◽  
Graciela Teruel Belismelis
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Women Unemployed

AbstractObjective: Estimate the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) from April to June 2020. Methods: Repeated cross-sections design based in the ENCOVID-19 – a series of monthly mobile surveys with representative samples of Mexico (N= 833- 1,674). The questionnaire includes the GAD-2 scale, and, in July, the GAD-7 scale was added; we examined its internal validity with confirmatory factor analysis and its concurrent validity with sociodemographic variables. Using GAD-7 as criterion, we analyzed the predictive validity of the GAD-2. We estimated the monthly prevalence with the GAD-2. Results: The GAD-7 and the GAD-2 are reliable and valid. The GAD-2 has a sensitivity of 0.87 and a specificity of 0.90. The monthly prevalence remains high and stable, between 30.7 and 32.6%. GAD concentrated in women, unemployed and persons with low socioeconomic status. Conclusions: GAD is a public health problem that worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. Resumen Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de ansiedad generalizada (GAD) entre abril y junio de 2020. Material y Métodos: Diseño transversal repetido basado en la ENCOVID-19 –serie de encuestas telefónicas mensuales con muestras representativas de México (N= 833- 1,674). El cuestionario incluye la escala GAD-2 y en julio se añadió la GAD-7; se examinó su validez interna con análisis factorial confirmatorio y su validez concurrente con variables sociodemográficas. Con la GAD-7 como criterio, se calculó la validez predictiva de la GAD-2. Se estimó la prevalencia mensual con la GAD-2. Resultados: La GAD-7 y la GAD-2 son confiables y válidas. La GAD-2 tiene una sensibilidad de 0.87 y una especificidad de 0.90. La prevalencia mensual se mantuvo alta y estable, entre 30.7 y 32.6%. El GAD se concentró en mujeres, personas desocupadas y de bajo nivel socioeconómico. Conclusiones: El GAD es un problema de salud pública que se agravó con la pandemia por COVID-19.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic status determines COVID-19 incidence and related mortality in Santiago, Chile

Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. eabg5298
Author(s):  
Gonzalo E. Mena ◽  
Pamela P. Martinez ◽  
Ayesha S. Mahmud ◽  
Pablo A. Marquet ◽  
Caroline O. Buckee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Socioeconomic Strata ◽  
Related Mortality

The current COVID-19 pandemic has impacted cities particularly hard. Here, we provide an in-depth characterization of disease incidence and mortality, and their dependence on demographic and socioeconomic strata in Santiago, a highly segregated city and the capital of Chile. Our analyses show a strong association between socioeconomic status and both COVID-19 outcomes and public health capacity. People living in municipalities with low socioeconomic status did not reduce their mobility during lockdowns as much as those in more affluent municipalities. Testing volumes may have been insufficient early in the pandemic in those places, and both test positivity rates and testing delays were much higher. We find a strong association between socioeconomic status and mortality, measured either by COVID-19 attributed deaths or excess deaths. Finally, we show that infection fatality rates in young people are higher in low-income municipalities. Together, these results highlight the critical consequences of socioeconomic inequalities on health outcomes.

scholarly journals Trachoma in Sudan: Case Series from Two Eye Care Hospitals and a Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rawan Sharaf Eldein Elamein Hassan ◽  
Mohamed Abdulmonem Salih Aabdeen ◽  
Razan Sharaf Eldein Elamein Hassan ◽  
Sagad Omer Obeid Mohamed ◽  
Fadwa Mohammed Saad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Eye Care ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Household Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Hygiene

Abstract Background Trachoma is a common infectious cause of blindness worldwide. Although it has largely now disappeared from developed countries, it is still endemic in many developing countries. We aimed to highlight clinical stages and common related socio-demographic and household characteristics among patients with trachoma in Sudan. Methods A hospital-based case series descriptive study was conducted at Makah Eye Complex and Abdalfadeel-Almaz hospital in Khartoum, Sudan. We included all Trachoma patients from all age groups attending the two eye care hospitals in the period from 1st to 31st March 2015. Data was collected through clinical examination, hospital records, and face to face interview using a structured questionnaire, Also, we conducted a review of the literature to highlights the epidemiological aspect of trachoma in Sudan, using the databases of MEDLINE (PubMed) and Google Scholar. Results In this case series, we identified 125 patients with trachoma in the study period. Most of them were aged more than 50 years old (78.4%). Half of the participants (56%) were positive for active trachoma, 40.8% of them were having Trachomatous Trichiasis (TT), and 56% of them have Trachoma Follicles (TF). Majority of the patients have low socioeconomic status and poor personal and environmental hygiene (88%), (44%) and (74.4%), respectively. Conclusion Low socioeconomic status and poor personal and environmental hygiene are common socio-demographic and household characteristics among patients with trachoma. Despite the progress that has been made towards disease elimination, trachoma is still a public health problem in Sudan. Our review highlights the magnitude of trachoma and the progress towards its elimination in Sudan.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Children with Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 428
Author(s):  
Aygun ◽  
Akcakaya ◽  
Cokugras ◽  
Camcıoglu
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Interferon Gamma Release Assay ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Low Socioeconomic

Background and objective: Tuberculosis (TB) is an important public health problem in both developing and developed countries. Childhood TB is also an important epidemiological indicator in terms of forming the future TB pool. The diagnosis of TB is difficult in children due to the lack of a standard clinical and radiological description. We aimed to evaluate and compare the clinical, laboratory, and radiologic findings of childhood pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB. Material and Methods: The medical records of patients hospitalized with the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) between December 2007 and December 2017 were evaluated retrospectively. Results: There were 163 patients diagnosed with TB with 94 females (57.7%) and 69 males (42.3%). Seventy-three patients (44.8%) had PTB, 71 (43.6%) patients had EPTB, and 19 patients (11.7%) had both PTB and EPTB, called as disseminated TB. Ninety-six (58.9%) patients had tuberculin skin test (TST) positivity and 64 patients (39.3%) had interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) positivity. Acid-resistant bacteria were observed in 34 (20.9%) body fluid samples and culture positivity was observed in 33 (20.2%) samples. Comparison of PTB, EPTB, and disseminated TB revealed that low socioeconomic status, TB contact, and low body weight were more common in disseminated TB, and TST positivity was more common in PTB. Conclusion: Malnutrition, low socioeconomic status, and TB contact were important diagnostic variables in our study and all three parameters were more common in disseminated TB. Tuberculosis should be considered in patients admitted with different complaints and signs in populations with high TB incidence and low socioeconomic status.

scholarly journals Mapping the Geographic Distribution of Tungiasis in Sub-Saharan Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Deka
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Environmental Suitability ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Pertinent Information ◽  
Sub Saharan

The geographic distribution of tungiasis is poorly understood, despite the frequent occurrence of the disease in marginalized populations of low socioeconomic status. To date, little work is available to define the geography of this neglected tropical disease (NTD). This exploratory study incorporated geostatistical modeling to map the suitability for tungiasis transmission in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In SSA, environmental suitability is predicted in 44 countries, including Angola, Nigeria, Ghana, Cameroon, Cote de Ivoire, Mali, Ethiopia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Gabon, Uganda, Rwanda, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Madagascar, and South Africa. In total, an estimated 668 million people live in suitable areas, 46% (304 million) of which reside in East Africa. These evidence-based maps provide vital evidence of the potential geographic extent in SSA. They will help to guide disease control programs, inform policymakers, and raise awareness at the global level. Likewise, these results will hopefully provide decisionmakers with the pertinent information necessary to lessen morbidity and mortality in communities located in environmentally suitable areas.

scholarly journals ESQUISTOSSOMOSE NA REGIÃO NORTE DO BRASIL

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Alberto Rodrigues Junior ◽  
Fellipe Camargo Ferreira Dias ◽  
Roniel Thalles Almeida da Silva Rosa ◽  
Cerize Rodrigues Lima Cardoso ◽  
Fernanda Paula Fernandes dos Santos Veloso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Health Information System ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

A esquistossomose, causada pelo helminto Schistosoma mansoni, é uma doença endêmica no Brasil, apresentando-se como sério problema de saúde pública. Entretanto, apesar da relevância da doença poucos são os estudos sobre a mesma na região Norte do Brasil. Assim, o presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar as características epidemiológicas da esquistossomose na região entre 2012 e 2015. Foi realizado um estudo transversal das informações coletados no banco de dados oficial do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), do Ministério da Saúde. Nesse período, foi observada uma tendência no crescimento de casos notificados na região, sendo que 65,09% foram observados em indivíduos do sexo masculino e 34,91% do sexo feminino, 71,60% de raça parda, 17,16% de raça branca, 71,01% foram moradores de zona urbana e 26,63% de zona rural. Além disso, mais da metade da população estudada tinha entre 20 e 59 anos. De acordo com estudos já publicados, há uma tendência de aumento na incidência de infecção humana pelo Schistossoma sp. Essa perspectiva de crescimento de casos notificados pode ser observada nos dados encontrados por este estudo, dados relevantes por fornecer informações para construção de políticas de controle e prevenção.    Palavras-chave: Doenças Negligenciadas; Esquistossomose mansônica; Região Norte do Brasil. ABSTRACT Schistosomiasis is an endemic disease in Brazil. It is caused by the worm Schistosoma mansoni, presenting itself as a serious public health problem. However, despite the relevance of the disease, there are few studies about the disease in the northern region of Brazil, so the present study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of schistosomiasis in the region between 2012 and 2015. A cross-sectional study of the information collected in the bank of the national health information system, of the Ministry of Health. During this period, there was a trend in the growth of reported cases in the region, with 65,09% observed in males and 34, 91% of the female sex, 71,60% of the brown race, 17,16% of the white race, 71,01% were urban dwellers and 26,63% were rural. In addition, the majority of the population studied was between 20 and 59 years old. According to previously published studies, there is a trend of increasing incidence of human infection by Schistosoma sp. This perspective of growth of reported cases can be observed in the data found by this study, relevant data for providing information for the construction of control and prevention policies.                                    Keywords: Neglected disease; Esquistossomose mansônica; Northern Brazil.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Point-of-Care Circulating Cathodic Antigen Assay for Monitoring Mass Drug Administration in a Schistosoma mansoni Control Program in Western Kenya

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Straily ◽  
Emmy A. Kavere ◽  
Dollycate Wanja ◽  
Ryan E. Wiegand ◽  
Susan P. Montgomery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Fecal Examination ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Antigen Assay ◽  
Low Prevalence

The WHO guidelines for monitoring and evaluating Schistosoma mansoni control programs are based on the Kato-Katz (KK) fecal examination method; however, there are limitations to its use, particularly in low prevalence areas. The point-of-care urine circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) assay has emerged as a useful tool for mapping schistosomiasis prevalence, but its use in monitoring and evaluating control programs has not been evaluated. Before POC-CCA can be used for these programs, it must be determined how previous guidance based on the KK method can be translated to the POC-CCA assay; furthermore, its performance in different endemicity settings must be evaluated. Urine and stool specimens were collected from students attending public primary schools in western Kenya before mass treatment with praziquantel at baseline (51 schools), year 1 (45 schools), year 2 (34 schools), and year 3 (20 schools). Prevalence and infection intensity were determined by the KK method and POC-CCA assay. Changes in prevalence and intensity were compared within the strata of schools grouped according to the baseline prevalence determined by the KK method (0–10%, > 10–20%, > 20%). The prevalence determined by the POC-CCA assay was higher than that determined by the KK method at all time points for all strata. The prevalence determined by the KK method decreased from baseline to 2 and 3 years, as did infection intensity (with one exception). A corresponding decrease was not always replicated by the POC-CCA assay results. The POC-CCA assay did not perform as expected, and the concordance of results of the two tests was poor. Furthermore, there are emerging concerns regarding the specificity of the POC-CCA assay. Therefore, it is impossible to translate historical data and programmatic guidelines based on the KK method results to the POC-CCA assay.

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