PRINSIP PENGADILAN YANG ADIL BERDASARKAN YURISPRUDENSI ISLAM DAN HUKUM INTERNASIONAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-69
Author(s):  
Wakid Evendi
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Fair Trial ◽  
International Justice ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Human Thought ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence

A fair trial with respect for human dignity is the most important feature of the measure of Islamic justice and is a guarantee for individuals to enjoy the basic principles of human rights such as freedom and equality. The administration of justice is not only possible because of the existence of substantive laws, but also the executive and formal methods have a prominent and important role to be understood by the current international justice system. However, the weakness of human thought in formulating comprehensive and efficient laws hinders the realization of justice and the achievement of fair court practices. This study intends to identify the principles of fair trial administration from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence and international law. With a normative juridical approach, this study concludes that the Islamic judicial system includes principles that guarantee the rights of the accused to the highest level, namely the preservation of human dignity.

scholarly journals Principles Governing a Fair Trial under Islamic Jurisprudence and International Law

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 452
Author(s):  
Amin Karamzadeh ◽  
Zahra Feiz
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Fair Trial ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Human Thought ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Judicial Proceedings ◽  
System Today

A fair trial along with the preservation of human dignity is one of the most important features of Islamic judicial measurement and is a guarantee for individuals to enjoy the fundamental principles of human rights such as freedom and equality. The administration of judicial justice is not only possible due to the existence of substantive laws, but also its executive and formal methods have a prominent and important role in this field, which is also understood by the international judicial system today. However, the weakness of human thought in formulating comprehensive and efficient laws prevents the realization of justice and the achievement of a fair trial. The present article - with a descriptive-analytical method - deals with the formal and principled laws in a fair trial from the perspective of the Islamic judicial system and concludes that the Islamic judicial system includes principles that guarantee the rights of the accused to the highest degree and observe and include this Formal principles and rules in law are a step towards establishing justice in judicial proceedings; However, these laws have been approved and emphasized much earlier than other systems along with the preservation of human dignity in the Islamic judiciary.

scholarly journals Discreet Discretion and Moderate Moderation in Judicial Sentencing: A commentary on Kenya’s Sentencing Policy Guidelines, 2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-112
Author(s):  
Harrison O Mbori
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Sentencing Guidelines ◽  
Criminal Sentencing ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
Sentencing Policy

Criminal sentencing is an integral part in any judicial system for the fair administration of justice. The process of sentencing and the standards applied by judicial officers has, however, been a notoriously difficult component in many criminal law systems. In Kenya, sentencing has been blamed as one of the sources of ‘popular dissatisfaction with the administration of justice’ to borrow from Roscoe Pound. This was the impetus for the Kenyan Judiciary to introduce the Sentencing Policy Guidelines, 2016 (SPGs). This paper is a general commentary, critique, and analysis of the SPGs. The author argues that SPGs come at an instructive epoch in Kenya’s economic, socio-political, and cultural development. This contribution is not a polemic on the Kenyan SPGs. The commentary makes sideglances to various jurisdictions that have had a longer experience with sentencing guidelines. The article forecasts that Kenyan SPGs will, despite its few shortcomings, nevertheless, prove to be important for all judicial officers involved in Kenya’s criminal justice system.

Divide and Then Preside: the Dilemma of the First Asian President of the Permanent Court of International Justice in the Age of Empires: a Review Essay on Yanagihara Masaharu and Shinohara Hatsue Eds, Adachi Mineichirō (2017)

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-442
Author(s):  
Tomoko Akami
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Review Essay ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Review Article ◽  
International Justice ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
National History ◽  
International History ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of International Law

Abstract Adachi Mineichirō was the first non-European and the first Asian President of the Permanent Court of International Justice (1931–1934). This review article introduces the first substantial study of Adachi, focusing on his path of ‘becoming’ one of a few leading international jurists with non-Euro-American backgrounds in his period. This review essay demonstrates that by examining this Japanese diplomat and jurist, the book, written in Japanese, contributes to the debates on the history of international law in two significant ways. First, it reveals the fundamental issues in the development of the international judicial system, namely the nature of international jurists, empires and the principle of the equality of national sovereignty, and the significance of the roles of non-Euro-American actors in shaping the system. Secondly, it demonstrates the necessity of the inter-disciplinary collaboration between international law, international history and specific regional and national history, as well as methodological challenges in evaluating the historical development of the system.

scholarly journals Absence of Witness Protection is a Threat to Fair Trial as Envisaged Under the Constitution of Pakistan, 1973

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-78
Author(s):  
Atif Uddin ◽  
Liaquat Ali
Keyword(s):  
Due Process ◽  
Burden Of Proof ◽  
Fair Trial ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Public ◽  
Adversarial System ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
Criminal Charge ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time

  ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to analyze the causes of non-implementation of witness protection laws in Pakistan and their effects on the right of a fair trial. The key elements in a criminal trial are witnesses and their testimonies, which establish the guilt of the accused. Pakistan follows the adversarial system of trial, which is based on two basic principles; firstly that the burden of proof lies on the prosecution and secondly, that the accused is presumed to be innocent until proven guilty. Witness protection is essential for a fair trial. In terms of Article 10A of the Constitution, 1973, the right of a fair trial is a indisputable and  inalienable right of every inhabitant of Pakistan including the victims and witnesses. Protecting witnesses and victims is an obligation of the State. The process of investigation and prosecution of crimes, serious or not, be subject to mainly on the evidence and authentication of witnesses. Hence, witnesses are the chief ingredient  of the fruitful Administration of the criminal justice system (CJS) in Pakistan. General principles of evidence are contained in the Qanoon-e-Shahdat Order, 1984 (‘QSO-1984’) however, on the matter of witness protection in Pakistan, for the first time complete legislation was introduced at the federal and provincial levels (except Khyber Pakhtunkhwa). The  outcome of the reluctant approach of the public at large is that the suspect , every time able to free from a criminal charge  and the criminal administration of justice fails.  Hence, it is a denial of due process and violation of the essential entitlement to a fair trial of the victim. خلاصہ اس تحقیق کا مقصد پاکستان میں گواہوں کے تحفظ کے قوانین کے نفاذ کی وجوہات اور منصفانہ مقدمے کی سماعت کے حق پر ان کے اثرات کا تجزیہ کرنا ہے۔ مجرمانہ مقدمے کی سماعت کے اہم عنصر گواہ اور ان کی شہادتیں ہیں ، جو ملزم کا جرم ثابت کرتے ہیں۔ پاکستان آزمائشی نظام کی پیروی کرتا ہے ، جو دو بنیادی اصولوں پر مبنی ہے۔ پہلا یہ کہ ثبوت کا بوجھ استغاثہ پر پڑتا ہے اور دوسرا یہ کہ قصوروار ثابت ہونے تک ملزم کو بے قصور سمجھا جاتا ہے۔ منصفانہ آزمائش کے لئے گواہوں کا تحفظ ضروری ہے۔ آئین کے آرٹیکل 10 اے کے تحت 1973 میں ، منصفانہ آزمائش کا حق متاثرین اور گواہوں سمیت پاکستان کے ہر شہری کا ایک بنیادی ، ناگزیر حق ہے۔ گواہوں اور متاثرین کی حفاظت کرنا ریاست کی ذمہ داری ہے۔ سنگین ہے یا نہیں ، جرائم کی تحقیقات اور ان کے خلاف قانونی کارروائی کا عمل بنیادی طور پر گواہوں کے ثبوت اور توثیق پر منحصر ہے۔ لہذا ، گواہ پاکستان میں فوجداری نظام کے ثمر آور انتظامیہ کا سنگ بنیاد ہیں۔ ثبوت کے عمومی اصول قونونِ شہادت آرڈر ، 1984 میں موجود ہیں ، تاہم ، پاکستان میں گواہوں کے تحفظ کے معاملے پر ، پہلی بار وفاقی اور صوبائی سطح پر (خیبر پختونخوا کے علاوہ) مکمل قانون سازی کی گئی۔ بڑے پیمانے پر عوام سے ہچکچاتے ہوئے اندازہ لگانے کا نتیجہ یہ ہے کہ ہر بار مجرم ، مجرمانہ الزامات سے آزاد ہونے اور انصاف کی مجرمانہ انتظامیہ ناکام ہوجاتا ہے۔ لہذا ، یہ انصاف کی تردید اور مقتول کے منصفانہ مقدمے کے لازمی حق کی خلاف ورزی ہے۔ کلیدی الفاظ منصفانہ ٹرائل ، گواہوں سے تحفظ ، گواہوں کے تحفظ کا قانون ، فوجداری انصاف کا نظام ، گواہ گمنامی کا حکم ، آئین۔  

Part III The Right to Justice, A General Principles, Principle 19 Duties of States with Regard to the Administration of Justice

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambos Kai
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
Justice System ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
International Crimes ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
The Right

Principle 19 outlines the duties of States with regard to the administration of justice for victims of serious human rights violations and other international crimes. Under this Principle, States must ensure that those responsible for serious crimes under international law are prosecuted, tried and adequately punished. A state’s (criminal) justice obligations have long been recognized by regional human rights courts and international human rights bodies. While the fight against impunity is the explicit aim of the International Criminal Court (ICC) and a major goal of the United Nations, the duty to prosecute lies primarily with the domestic justice system with regional or international mechanisms being subsidiary or complementary. This chapter first provides a contextual and historical background on Principle 19 before discussing its theoretical framework and how human rights courts and treaty bodies have interpreted the duty of States to investigate and prosecute serious human rights violations.

scholarly journals To the problem of social control over the activities of the courts (the modern realities and experience of organization of Russian medieval court)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-187
Author(s):  
A I Dyachkova
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Fair Trial ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Legal Tradition ◽  
The Public ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
Further Development

In this article we turn to the important problem of control over the activity of courts. Currently in the society remains dissatisfaction with the functioning of the Russian judicial system. The historical example of the author shows the importance of the participation of the representatives of the public (people) in the administration of justice. The further development of the legal tradition is an important guarantee of a fair trial.

scholarly journals Justice in the Covid-19 era Through the Prism of Judicial Power

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-72
Author(s):  
Victor Gorodovenko ◽  
Oleksandr Bondar ◽  
Larysa Udovyka
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Advisory Council ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
The Third ◽  
Modeling Methodology ◽  
Administration Of Justice

The work is devoted to identifying the main problems in the field of the principle of legal proceedings in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. The research applies the formal-legal, historical and legal, comparative and modeling methodology. The order and issues to be considered are as follows: in the first section, we will consider the challenges and threats to justice that emerged during the Covid-19 pandemic. In the second section, we will see the judicial experience during the pandemic in the context of the basic principles of the judiciary. In the third section, we examine the application of organizational and procedural principles of the judiciary during the pandemic crisis. In the final fourth section, we will assess the role of international judicial institutions and government bodies in optimizing the administration of justice in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. As a result of the work, emphasizing the vulnerability of the judicial system and justice standards, the authors support the expansion of exchange of experience and cooperation not only at the state level but also at the level of professional communities of judges, in particular with the members and judges of the European Commission for the Effectiveness of Justice, the Advisory Council of European Judges, and the European human rights courts.

Intentions and their Effects on the Legality of Dispositions and Contracts

2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-141
Author(s):  
Abdullah Muhammad al-Shami
Keyword(s):  
Basic Principle ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Human Actions ◽  
Special Place ◽  
Legal Contract ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Legal Opinions ◽  
The Right

In Islamic law judgements on any human action are usually evaluated in terms of the intention involved. Accordingly, the rules of substantive issues have to be accommodated under the basic principles of Islamic jurisprudence. The understanding of these principles by the juristic scholar is highly rewarding because it will lead the muftī to the right path in deriving legal opinions from the original sources. The basic principle of Islamic jurisprudence, which stipulates that ‘all actions depend on intentions,’ has played an important role in the construction of Islamic jurisprudence. Moreover, this rule has a special place in the theory of Islamic legal contract. So what is the effect of intention in the validity of human actions and legal contracts? It is known that pure intention has significant effects on spiritual worship and legal contracts of transaction. It also gives guidance for earning rewards from Almighty Allah. This article concentrates on the effect of intention in perpetual worship, the concept of action and intention in Islamic legal works, the kind of contract with all its components, and the jurists' views on the effects of intention in human action and legal contract along with their discussion and counter-arguments.

Secondary-Cause Autonomy and Divine Motivation

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-92
Author(s):  
Christian Schröer
Keyword(s):  
Human Dignity ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
Moral Autonomy ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Religious Motivation ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Theoretical View ◽  
Human Autonomy ◽  
The Voice

An act-theoretical view on the profile of responsibility discourse shows in what sense not only all kinds of technical, pragmatic and moral reason, but also all kinds of religious motivation cannot justify a human action sufficiently without acknowledgment to three basic principles of human autonomy as supreme limiting conditions that are human dignity, sense, and justifiability. According to Thomas Aquinas human beings ultimately owe their moral autonomy to a divine creator. So this autonomy can be considered as an expression of secondary-cause autonomy and as the voice of God in the enlightened conscience.

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