scholarly journals To the problem of social control over the activities of the courts (the modern realities and experience of organization of Russian medieval court)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-187
Author(s):  
A I Dyachkova
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Fair Trial ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Legal Tradition ◽  
The Public ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
Further Development

In this article we turn to the important problem of control over the activity of courts. Currently in the society remains dissatisfaction with the functioning of the Russian judicial system. The historical example of the author shows the importance of the participation of the representatives of the public (people) in the administration of justice. The further development of the legal tradition is an important guarantee of a fair trial.

scholarly journals Absence of Witness Protection is a Threat to Fair Trial as Envisaged Under the Constitution of Pakistan, 1973

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-78
Author(s):  
Atif Uddin ◽  
Liaquat Ali
Keyword(s):  
Due Process ◽  
Burden Of Proof ◽  
Fair Trial ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Public ◽  
Adversarial System ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
Criminal Charge ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time

  ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to analyze the causes of non-implementation of witness protection laws in Pakistan and their effects on the right of a fair trial. The key elements in a criminal trial are witnesses and their testimonies, which establish the guilt of the accused. Pakistan follows the adversarial system of trial, which is based on two basic principles; firstly that the burden of proof lies on the prosecution and secondly, that the accused is presumed to be innocent until proven guilty. Witness protection is essential for a fair trial. In terms of Article 10A of the Constitution, 1973, the right of a fair trial is a indisputable and  inalienable right of every inhabitant of Pakistan including the victims and witnesses. Protecting witnesses and victims is an obligation of the State. The process of investigation and prosecution of crimes, serious or not, be subject to mainly on the evidence and authentication of witnesses. Hence, witnesses are the chief ingredient  of the fruitful Administration of the criminal justice system (CJS) in Pakistan. General principles of evidence are contained in the Qanoon-e-Shahdat Order, 1984 (‘QSO-1984’) however, on the matter of witness protection in Pakistan, for the first time complete legislation was introduced at the federal and provincial levels (except Khyber Pakhtunkhwa). The  outcome of the reluctant approach of the public at large is that the suspect , every time able to free from a criminal charge  and the criminal administration of justice fails.  Hence, it is a denial of due process and violation of the essential entitlement to a fair trial of the victim. خلاصہ اس تحقیق کا مقصد پاکستان میں گواہوں کے تحفظ کے قوانین کے نفاذ کی وجوہات اور منصفانہ مقدمے کی سماعت کے حق پر ان کے اثرات کا تجزیہ کرنا ہے۔ مجرمانہ مقدمے کی سماعت کے اہم عنصر گواہ اور ان کی شہادتیں ہیں ، جو ملزم کا جرم ثابت کرتے ہیں۔ پاکستان آزمائشی نظام کی پیروی کرتا ہے ، جو دو بنیادی اصولوں پر مبنی ہے۔ پہلا یہ کہ ثبوت کا بوجھ استغاثہ پر پڑتا ہے اور دوسرا یہ کہ قصوروار ثابت ہونے تک ملزم کو بے قصور سمجھا جاتا ہے۔ منصفانہ آزمائش کے لئے گواہوں کا تحفظ ضروری ہے۔ آئین کے آرٹیکل 10 اے کے تحت 1973 میں ، منصفانہ آزمائش کا حق متاثرین اور گواہوں سمیت پاکستان کے ہر شہری کا ایک بنیادی ، ناگزیر حق ہے۔ گواہوں اور متاثرین کی حفاظت کرنا ریاست کی ذمہ داری ہے۔ سنگین ہے یا نہیں ، جرائم کی تحقیقات اور ان کے خلاف قانونی کارروائی کا عمل بنیادی طور پر گواہوں کے ثبوت اور توثیق پر منحصر ہے۔ لہذا ، گواہ پاکستان میں فوجداری نظام کے ثمر آور انتظامیہ کا سنگ بنیاد ہیں۔ ثبوت کے عمومی اصول قونونِ شہادت آرڈر ، 1984 میں موجود ہیں ، تاہم ، پاکستان میں گواہوں کے تحفظ کے معاملے پر ، پہلی بار وفاقی اور صوبائی سطح پر (خیبر پختونخوا کے علاوہ) مکمل قانون سازی کی گئی۔ بڑے پیمانے پر عوام سے ہچکچاتے ہوئے اندازہ لگانے کا نتیجہ یہ ہے کہ ہر بار مجرم ، مجرمانہ الزامات سے آزاد ہونے اور انصاف کی مجرمانہ انتظامیہ ناکام ہوجاتا ہے۔ لہذا ، یہ انصاف کی تردید اور مقتول کے منصفانہ مقدمے کے لازمی حق کی خلاف ورزی ہے۔ کلیدی الفاظ منصفانہ ٹرائل ، گواہوں سے تحفظ ، گواہوں کے تحفظ کا قانون ، فوجداری انصاف کا نظام ، گواہ گمنامی کا حکم ، آئین۔  

PRINSIP PENGADILAN YANG ADIL BERDASARKAN YURISPRUDENSI ISLAM DAN HUKUM INTERNASIONAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-69
Author(s):  
Wakid Evendi
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Fair Trial ◽  
International Justice ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Human Thought ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence

A fair trial with respect for human dignity is the most important feature of the measure of Islamic justice and is a guarantee for individuals to enjoy the basic principles of human rights such as freedom and equality. The administration of justice is not only possible because of the existence of substantive laws, but also the executive and formal methods have a prominent and important role to be understood by the current international justice system. However, the weakness of human thought in formulating comprehensive and efficient laws hinders the realization of justice and the achievement of fair court practices. This study intends to identify the principles of fair trial administration from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence and international law. With a normative juridical approach, this study concludes that the Islamic judicial system includes principles that guarantee the rights of the accused to the highest level, namely the preservation of human dignity.

El patriacado y la estructura social de la vida cotidiana

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Postigo Asenjo
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Civic Education ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
The Public ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Ways Of Life

RESUMENEl sistema patriarcal no afecta exclusivamente al poder político y judicial, sino que afecta a la estructura interna de la sociedad, la identidad y las formas de vida de los individuos que en ella viven. Para comprender mejor como condiciona el sistema patriarcal las formas de vida y la visión que tienen los individuos de la realidad social, hemos de analizar el modo en que se extiende al orden institucional y lo determina mediante "tipificaciones" de hechos y de personas y mediante roles concretos, esteoreotipaciones sexiuales que obstaculizan el acceso a la esfera pública de la mujer, así como su reinserción en el mercado laboral, en suma, todo aquello que afecta al conocimiento común que comparten los miembros de una comunidad. El cambio hacia una mayor igualdad y una real democracia paritaria y compartida no es posible sin una paulatina educación y concienciación de la sociedad en su conjunto.PALABRAS CLAVEPATRIARCADO-TIPIFICACIÓN SOCIAL-IGUALDAD DE GÉNEROABSTRACTPatriarchalism is not only present in politics and the judicial system. It also affects the internal structure of society, above all the life and identitý of individuals. To understand better how it conditions their ways of life and the vision the individuals have of social reality, we should study how patriarchalism r3eaches the system of institutions and how this becomes determined by "typifications" of facts and people, and by certain roles or sexual stereotypes that hinder the access of women both to the public sphere and to tha labor market. It sum, everything that concerns the common knowledge that the members of a community share. The move towards more equality and towards a more egalitarian democracy heavily depends on the spread of civic education to the entire society.KEYWORDSPATRIARCHALISM-SOCIAL TYPIFICATION-GENDER EQUALITY

Analisa Wacana Pemberitaan Kasus Korupsi E-KTP Pada Media Kompas.com Terhadap Pembentukan Opini Publik

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Neri Widya Ramailis ◽  
Dede Nopendri
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Social Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Function ◽  
General Knowledge ◽  
Visual Method ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Media ◽  
Private Entrepreneurs

Discourse is a series of sentences that relate and connect one proposition with the other propositions to from a unity. The main function of the news is not to warn, instruct, and make the public stunned, the main function of the news is to inform and then it is upto the public to utilize the news. There are two ways for the news to be useful to the public, the first to effort news as general knowledge and the second to effort the news a tool of social control. E-Ktp corruption cases are one of the biggest corruption cases that occurered in Indonesia. Therefore, many mass media reported heavilly on E-Ktp corruption cases, one of which was the kompas.com. furthermore, to find out how the writer gets the source the writer gets the source of data and information the writer uses the criminology visual method and then analyzes it using criminology newsmaking theory. However, the results of this study illustrate that the aspect highlighted are those of actors suspected of being involved in E-Ktp corruption cases. Where the media only emphasizes one institution, namely the people’s representative council, even though in this case the involved parties are not only the legislature but case the involved parties are not only the legislature but also from various institutions such as the interior ministry, state-owned enterprises, and private entrepreneurs. In the aspect of media projection Kompas.com make the bulk of the news about E- Ktp corruption cases as news headline and a tranding topic.

The Challenges in Dealing with Organized Crime and its Consequences in Modern Societies in Albania, Kosovo and Macedonia – the Balkan Peninsula

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Bashkim Selmani ◽  
Bekim Maksuti
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Public ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Organized Crime Groups ◽  
Further Development

The profound changes within the Albanian society, including Albania, Kosovo and Macedonia, before and after they proclaimed independence (in exception of Albania), with the establishment of the parliamentary system resulted in mass spread social negative consequences such as crime, drugs, prostitution, child beggars on the street etc. As a result of these occurred circumstances emerged a substantial need for changes within the legal system in order to meet and achieve the European standards or behaviors and the need for adoption of many laws imported from abroad, but without actually reading the factual situation of the psycho-economic position of the citizens and the consequences of the peoples’ occupations without proper compensation, as a remedy for the victims of war or peace in these countries. The sad truth is that the perpetrators not only weren’t sanctioned, but these regions remained an untouched haven for further development of criminal activities, be it from the public state officials through property privatization or in the private field. The organized crime groups, almost in all cases, are perceived by the human mind as “Mafia” and it is a fact that this cannot be denied easily. The widely spread term “Mafia” is mostly known around the world to define criminal organizations.The Balkan Peninsula is highly involved in these illegal groups of organized crime whose practice of criminal activities is largely extended through the Balkan countries such as Kosovo, Albania, Macedonia, Serbia, Bosnia, Croatia, Montenegro, etc. Many factors contributed to these strategic countries to be part of these types of activities. In general, some of the countries have been affected more specifically, but in all of the abovementioned countries organized crime has affected all areas of life, leaving a black mark in the history of these states.

FISCAL EQUIVALENCE: PRINCIPLE AND PREDATION IN THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 244-265
Author(s):  
Emily C. Skarbek
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Equivalence Principle ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Public ◽  
Local Police ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
Internal Pressures ◽  
And Control

AbstractFiscal equivalence in the public administration of justice requires local police and courts to be financed exclusively by the populations that benefit from their services. Within a polycentric framework, broad based taxation to achieve fiscal equivalence is a desirable principle of public finance because it conceptually allows for the provision of justice to be determined by constituent’s preferences, and increases the political accountability of service providers to constituents. However, the overproduction of justice services can readily occur when the benefits of the justice system are not enjoyed equally. Paradoxically, the same properties that make fiscal equivalence desirable by imposing restraint and control between constituents and local government also create internal pressures for agents of the state to engage in predatory, revenue-generating behavior.

Prosecutorial Discretion and Judicial Review: An Analysis of Recent Canadian and South African Decisions

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuks Okpaluba
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Prosecutorial Discretion ◽  
Public Power ◽  
The Public ◽  
Canadian Experience ◽  
Political Interference ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Judicial Scrutiny ◽  
National Director

The question whether the functions performed by the prosecutor in the criminal justice system are subject to judicial scrutiny has been a matter for concern in common-law jurisdictions for quite some time. The courts in the Commonwealth generally agree that prosecutors must function independently; act fairly and responsibly in the interests of the public; and must be free from political interference. Their role in the administration of justice is to uphold the rule of law. Therefore, the exercise of prosecutorial discretion should ordinarily not be interfered with by the courts except in rare cases. However, the extent to which the courts, in respective Commonwealth jurisdictions, review prosecutorial discretions differs. A comparative study of the Canadian experience and the South African approach, where the judicial approaches to the review of prosecutorial discretion significantly differ, is a clear illustration. In Canada, the courts hardly interfere with, or review the manner in which the prosecutor performs his or her duties, except that prosecutorial discretion is not immune from all judicial oversight, since it is reviewable for abuse of process (see R v Anderson [2014] 2 SCR 167). In South Africa on the other hand, the exercise of the powers of the prosecutor and their ramifications are, like every exercise of public power, subject to the constitutional principles of legality and rationality. The recent judgments of the Full Bench of the Gauteng Division, Pretoria in Democratic Alliance v Acting National Director of Public Prosecutions 2016 (2) SACR 1 (GP) as affirmed by the Supreme Court of Appeal in Zuma v Democratic Alliance 2018 (1) SA 200 (SCA)—the so-called ‘spy-tape’ saga—are the latest illustrations of this approach.

ARBITRATION FLASH JUSTICE?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-77
Author(s):  
A.R. SULTANOV
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Court Decision ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Judicial Decision ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
External Conditions

In this article, the author attempts to comprehensively consider such a concept as “flash justice”. The study of this concept, new for Russian science, takes place through the prism of law enforcement practice and the use of many illustrative examples of judicial acts, interviews with representatives of the judicial system and other sources of information. The mentioned phenomenon is considered and evaluated from the point of view of not only civil and arbitration, but also criminal proceedings, where examples are more colorful and clear. The author also cites foreign, in particular English, legal experience as an example. Thus, it is noted that a draft judicial act can be prepared by both the court staff, and its individual provisions can be prepared by the parties. At the same time, the existing guarantees related to the prevention of misleading the judge, as the author notes, contribute to the formulation of the draft court decision, which reflects only the objective facts established by the court and meets the criteria of truth and legality. Also, the article indirectly touches on certain retrospective aspects related to the development of the institution of judicial decision, as well as its transformations in the light of the changing external conditions of the administration of justice.

Social Control of Intellect: Four Features of the Academic–Media Nexus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael McDevitt
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Strategic Management ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Academic Discourse ◽  
Ideal Type ◽  
Public Intellectual ◽  
The Public ◽  
Field Dynamic ◽  
The Mind

Abstract Intellect in social theory is often presented as an ideal type—the critical, iconoclastic side of the mind—but it must anticipate an audience in mediated contexts, unlike in the Kantian realm of transcendent reason. The terrain in which academia and media meet, consequently, is ripe for exploration into the fate of intellect when transgressive. This article explicates four features of the academic–media nexus that contribute to social control of intellect: instrumental rationalism of faculty, strategic management of university communication, journalistic appropriation of the “public intellectual” role, and surveillance of academic discourse. The article situates the features in a framework to recognize whether they originate primarily in academia or media, and whether the controlling process occurs through internalized norms or calculated practice. While social control is understood as recursive and reinforcing, reflexivity induced in an inter-field dynamic implies the possibility of reconciling intellect with news work.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document