scholarly journals THE ALLOCATION OF PARTICLES IN TRANSLATION DICTIONARIES AND WAYS TO EXPRESS THEM IN TRANSLATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-95
Author(s):  
Gulrukh Kakhkhorova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Stylistic Analysis ◽  
Objective Reality ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Linguistic Description ◽  
The World ◽  
The Comparative Study

Introduction. In the languages of the peoples of the world, particles with their own logical-grammatical, semantic-stylistic features and functions, historical development and pragmatic features have an independent place as one of the auxiliary words. Although they do not have a separate lexical meaning, they are among the categories that provide a linguistic and speech relationship in terms of their ability to connect equally to each other by adding different meanings to words and sentences at the syntactic levels. The comparative study of particles within different systematic languages plays an important role in understanding and expressing objective reality through language tools. Research methods. Methods of linguistic description, classification, contextual, comparative and stylistic analysis can be used as research methods. Results and discussions.

Preferential Marriage: Correlation of the Various Modes among the Bantu Tribes of the Union of South Africa

Africa ◽  
1928 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Eiselen
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cousin Marriage ◽  
Independent Origin ◽  
The World ◽  
The Comparative Study

The several forms of preferential mating, such as cross-cousin marriage, sororate and levirate, are well known and have been reported from all the ethnographic provinces of the world. Lately Lowie and Rivers have devoted special chapters in their books on social organization to the comparative study of these important institutions. Lowie has pointed out that there is strong evidence for the correlation of sororate and levirate. The later publication of Rivers hardly serves to make these matters any clearer than Lowie's work. Although the latter scholar, with Tylor and others, recognized the close connexion existing between sororate and levirate, the evidence at his disposal did not allow him to arrive at a similar conclusion with regard to the other forms of preferential marriage. Accordingly he had to treat them, for the time being, as institutions of independent origin.

Performing International Systems: Two East-Asian Alternatives to the Westphalian Order

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Ringmar
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
East Asian ◽  
First Century ◽  
Opinion Formation ◽  
Interstate Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
International Systems ◽  
Historical Periods

AbstractThis article provides a framework for the comparative study of international systems. By analyzing how international systems are framed, scripted, and performed, it is possible to understand how interstate relations are interpreted in different historical periods and parts of the world. But such an investigation also has general implications—inter alia for a study of the nature of power, the role of emotions in foreign policymaking, and public opinion formation. Case studies are provided by the Sino-centric, the Tokugawa, and the Westphalian systems. As this study shows, the two East Asian systems were in several respects better adapted than the Westphalian to the realities of international politics in the twenty-first century.

scholarly journals Similarities and Differences between the Yakut Olonkho and the Buryat Uliger: Plot Composition and Motives

2021 ◽  
pp. 135-151
Author(s):  
A. F. Koryakina
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
South Siberia ◽  
The World ◽  
Genetic Origins ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Stated Problem

The article is devoted to the identification of typological similarities and differences in epic plots and motives in the texts of the Yakut olonkho and the Buryat uliger. The relevance of the stated problem is due to the purpose of obtaining additional materials to confirm the results of earlier studies on establishing the genetic origins and typological connections of the epic creativity of the Yakut and Buryat peoples. A brief review of the study of the problem in the works of domestic folklorists, who developed the theory of the comparative study of the peoples of the world epics; Yakut epic scholars, who considered in their works the historical and typological connections of the Yakut olonkho with the epics of the Sayan-Altai, Mongol-Buryat peoples; Buryat scientists who turn in their research to the processes of historical and cultural mutual influences of the epic heritage of the Yakuts and Mongol-Buryats. Scientific methods of typological, structural-comparative and textological analysis are used. The similarity of the plots and plot motives of the olonkho “Nyurgun Bootur the Swift” by K. Orosin and the uliger “Abai Geser Mighty” by M. Imegenov, which is due to the principles of typological repetition in folklore and cultural and historical contacts of the Yakut and Buryat peoples at different stages of development of the Proto-Turkic peoples inhabiting the territory of Central Asia and South Siberia.

scholarly journals “DESCENT INTO HELL” VS “THE LEGEND OF THE GREAT GUEST”: CHRISTIAN DOGMA IN THE ETHNO-RELIGIOUS SYSTEM OF THE OSSETIANS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
С.Г. КЦОЕВА
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
New Testament ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Religious System ◽  
The World ◽  
Religious Cult ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Canonical Texts ◽  
The Comparative Study

Статья посвящена анализу христианских интерференций в самобытной этноре- лигиозной системе осетин. В «Осетинских этюдах» Миллер со ссылкой на работу Б. Га- тиева привел легенду о Барастыре. Этот правитель загробного мира по ходатайству неизвестного, но «великого гостя» выпустил грешников из ада и ввел их в рай. Миллер, предположивший в данной легенде отражение христианского догматического предания о сошествии Иисуса Христа в ад, не стал доказывать свою гипотезу, и в некоторой сте- пени настоящее исследование является ее научной проверкой. Анализ сюжета позволяет с уверенностью констатировать его христианскую основу. Предпринятое сравнитель- ное изучение осетинской легенды и христианского догмата выявило как совпадения, так и несовпадения отдельных элементов легенды с каноническим преданием, что обусловило необходимость обращения к ветхо- и новозаветным апокрифам, касающимся данного со- бытия. Их разбор также не оставил сомнений в точности миллеровской догадки. Отсыл- ка к неканоническим текстам в ходе настоящего исследования была обусловлена также скудостью упоминаний о событии Сошествия в ад в библейском каноне. Обращение же к неканоническим евангелиям в ходе сравнительного анализа способствовало его существен- ной объективации, вследствие чего в статье особо подчеркивается проблема апокрифиче- ских заимствований, остающаяся, судя по небольшому количеству публикаций, одной из наименее изученных в осетиноведении. Кроме того, материалы сравнительного изучения способствовали выявлению третьего, неожиданного объекта анализа — иудейских элемен- тов в предпасхальной этнорелигиозной обрядности осетин («суфæхæрæн æхсæв»), что позволило вывести исследование за рамки собственно мировоззренческой сферы в другую область религиозной системы — этнорелигиозную культовую практику. The article is devoted to the analysis of the Christian interference into the original ethnoreligious system of the Ossetians. V. Miller in his «Ossetian etudes» referred to B. Gatiev’s work where the legend about Barastyr is narrated. This ruler of the world of the dead at the request of the «great guest» released sinners from the hell and welcomed them to the paradise. V. Miller suggested that this legend reflects the Christian dogmatic tradition of the Descent of Jesus Christ into hell. He, however, did not develop this hypothesis, and, to some extent, the present study is a scientific verification of this hypothesis. The analysis of the plot allows us to state with certainty its Christian basis. The undertaken comparative study of the Ossetian legend and Christian dogma revealed both coincidences and discrepancies between the separate elements of the legend with the canonical gospel. This necessitated addressing the Old and New Testament apocrypha, which relate this event. The present analysis leaves little doubt about the accuracy of Millerʼs guess. The reference to non-canonical texts in the course of this study is also due to the meagerness of references to the Descent into hell. The analysis of the non-canonical Gospels in the course of the comparative study contributed to its significant objectification, as a result of which the article highlights the problem of apocryphal borrowings. Judging by the small number of publications, this problem is one of the least investigated in the Ossetian studies. In addition, the materials of the comparative study helped to identify the third, unexpected object of analysis — the Jewish elements in the religious pre-Easter ritual («sufæhæræn æхsæv») among Ossetians. This made it possible to extend the research beyond the actual worldview scope to the other field of the religious system — ethno-religious cult practice.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of the development of historical stages of basketball in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
L. Balatska ◽  
V. Holovachuk
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Technical Maintenance ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Generalization Of Data

Goal of research: to analyze the stages of historical development of basketball from the period of the first mention on the territory of Ukraine until the present. To solve the tasks set in the work, the following research methods were used: theoretical analysis and generalization of data of scientific methodological literature; historical and logical methods. Research findings. Six historical stages are singled out. The first stage of basketball development in Ukraine (1891-1918) - the period of its origin, the first appearance of basketball within the country; The ІІ-nd stage of formation - 1918-1941 - the second wave of the introduction of basketball in Ukraine; the III-d Stage - the period of development and stability (1944-1960); The IV-th historical stage - the period of Olympic heights (1961-1975); the V-th period (1976-1990) - flourishing, recognition in the world, Ukrainians are represented in the national teams of the USSR. Men's teams are among the best at the USSR championships. VI-th historical stage (period of independence of Ukraine from 1991 to 2019) - the development of basketball during the independence of Ukraine, the organization of the first domestic championships, including professional. Conclusions. Over the years towards the development, basketball has experienced ups and downs, however now we are watching the Championships of Ukraine, which have grown not only quantitatively but also qualitatively. Technical maintenance of competitions is at a high enough level, however the problem of playgrounds, halls remains - it is an actual issue for FBU that gives the big expectation for prospects of development of basketball in our country.

scholarly journals How Kerala and Rajasthan Mitigated COVID-19: A Comparative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Yash Jain ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
High Rate ◽  
State Governments ◽  
First Case ◽  
The World ◽  
Rate Of Recovery ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Low Rate

All the countries of the world have been taking all the possible precautionary measures to combat COVID-19. In India, although there are many states which were affected by this flareup, the authors had taken only two states, i.e., Kerala and Rajasthan. Both the states did their best to combat this pandemic. Kerala was the first state to witness the first case in India on 30th January 2020 whereas in Rajasthan, the first case was tested on 2nd March 2020. After announcing this flareup as a pandemic by WHO, all the states did their best to break the chain of transmission, till date the recovery rate of India is 63.30%, Kerala is 47%, and Rajasthan is 73%. The high rate of recovery and low rate of case fatality show the benefits of early lockdown and the precautionary measures taken by Government of India and State governments (Kerala and Rajasthan). This paper implies the comparative study of all the precautionary measures and situation of COVID-19 in the two states.

The Effects of Government System Fractionalization on Satisfaction With Democracy

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 593-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Christmann ◽  
Mariano Torcal
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Satisfaction With Democracy ◽  
Institutional Determinants ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Comparative Study

Consensual-pluralistic institutional features of representative democracies have traditionally been associated with satisfaction with democracy (SWD). However, more recent studies report contradictory results on the effects of some of these institutional determinants on SWD. This article confirms these puzzling findings by showing that electoral proportionality increases SWD while other pluralistic factors such as government fractionalization produce the opposite effect. We illustrate this duality of counteracting effects by expanding the number of cases under study to different regions of the world in a comprehensive time-series cross-sectional sample of 58 democracies between 1990 and 2012. In the second part of the paper, we are able to reconfirm these findings at the individual level by employing survey data from the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems.

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