scholarly journals On the Contrastive Analysis of a Television Text Type

enadakultura ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramaz Svanidze
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Visual Effects ◽  
Text Type ◽  
Modal Particles ◽  
Tv Program ◽  
Demonstrative Pronouns ◽  
Simple Sentences

Analysis of media-linguistic aspects by linguists is of great importance because the latest linguistic trends can be understood on the basis of this material. Based on the contrastive studies of the text type weather report on German and Georgian television, the following similarities and differences were highlighted: many media-linguistic aspects (sentence types, common verbs, mood, technical and local expressions, visual effects, etc.) look similar. With regard to the types of sentences, the following tendency has emerged: parataxes are the most common occurrence in TV weather reports. In second place are hypotaxes, followed by simple sentences and ellipses. German moderators tend mainly to use the oral style. This is shown by reductions, colloquial and regional expressions, breaking a sentence frame, demonstrative pronouns and modal particles. In addition, that could also indicate that they are less focused on the teleprompter. The weather report of the Georgian morning TV program "Guten Morgen, Georgia" (Rustavi 2) is broadcast live at various locations. Before the current temperature of the day is presented, the weather moderator chats casually with the studio moderators and their guests. The weather report is contextualized in this way. The weather report is almost always done with an introductory sentence. The weather data is read out by the moderator or by the respective guests. German moderators present both current temperatures and the weather forecast for the next few days. Regarding speaking speed, it can be emphasized that German moderators speak almost twice as fast as Georgian moderators. Both German and Georgian moderators are always in a good mood. The dress style of the morning presenters, in contrast to evening presenters, is mostly unofficial in both the German and Georgian weather reports. It must also be mentioned here that it is very important to deal with various types of text in both school and university foreign language lessons. Since listening to a weather report is a realistic everyday act, this type of text must find a worthy entry into foreign language lessons. It is advantageous to combine visual and linguistic aspects, because in this way both visual and hearing comprehension are trained.

Brazilian aviation nowcasting system: current stage and some results

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinícius Almeida ◽  
Gutemberg França ◽  
Francisco Albuquerque Neto ◽  
Haroldo Campos Velho ◽  
Manoel Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Vertical Acceleration ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Convective Weather

<p>Emphasizes some aspects of the aviation forecasting system under construction for use by the integrated meteorological center (CIMAER) in Brazil. It consists of a set of hybrid models based on determinism and machine learning that use remote sensing data (such as lighting sensor, SODAR, satellite and soon RADAR), in situ data (from the surface weather station and radiosonde) and aircraft data (such as retransmission of aircraft weather data and vertical acceleration). The idea is to gradually operationalize the system to assist CIMAER´s meteorologists in generating their nowcasting, for example, of visibility, ceiling, turbulence, convective weather, ice, etc. with objectivity and precision. Some test results of the developed nowcasting models are highlighted as examples of nowcasting namely: a) visibility and ceiling up to 1h for Santos Dumont airport; b) 6-8h convective weather forecast for the Rio de Janeiro area and the São Paulo-Rio de Janeiro route. Finally, the steps in development and the futures are superficially covered.</p>

scholarly journals Review of Weather Forecast Services for Ship Routing Purposes

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 80-89
Author(s):  
Marcin Życzkowski ◽  
Joanna Szłapczyńska ◽  
Rafał Szłapczyński
Keyword(s):  
Collision Avoidance ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Ocean Engineering ◽  
Ship Routing ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
Analysis Of Stability

Abstract Weather data is nowadays used in a variety of navigational and ocean engineering research problems: from the obvious ones like voyage planning and routing of sea-going vessels, through the analysis of stability-related phenomena, to detailed modelling of ships’ manoeuvrability for collision avoidance purposes. Apart from that, weather forecasts are essential for passenger cruises and fishing vessels that want to avoid the risk associated with severe hydro-meteorological conditions. Currently, there is a wide array of services that offer weather predictions. These services include the original sources – services that make use of their own infrastructure and research models – as well as those that further postprocess the data obtained from the original sources. The existing services also differ in their update frequency, area coverage, geographical resolution, natural phenomena taken into account and finally – output file formats. In the course of the ROUTING project, primarily addressing ship weather routing accounting for changeable weather conditions, the necessity arose to prepare a report on the state-of-the-art in numerical weather prediction (NWP) modelling. Based on the report, this paper offers a thorough review of the existing weather services and detailed information on how to access the data offered by these services. While this review has been done with transoceanic ship routing in mind, hopefully it will also be useful for a number of other applications, including the already mentioned collision avoidance solutions.

scholarly journals Similaritäts- und Kontrastrelationen in einem Lernerwörterbuch. Lemmatisierungsschwierigkeiten

2018 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 229-243
Author(s):  
Hanna Kaczmarek
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
Contrastive Analysis

Der vorliegende Beitrag setzt sich zum Ziel, aufgrund der kontrastierenden Analyse der gewählten Wörterbuchartikel aufzuzeigen, welche Lexeme in den gängigen deutschen Lernerwörterbüchern als Synonyme bzw. Antonyme fungieren und wie diese lemmatisiert werden. Anschließend wird der Frage nachgegangen, inwieweit die bei den paradigmatischen Austauschklassen stehenden In­formationen dem potentiellen fremdsprachigen Wörterbuchbenutzer bei möglichen Fragestellungen weiterhelfen können.Similarity and Contrast in Learner’s DictionariesThe author carries out a contrastive analysis of some entries selected from monolingual learner’s dictionaries. The analysis shows which linguistic items function as synonyms and antonyms in com­monly used dictionaries and how they are lemmatized. Moreover, the corpus analysis indicates the extent to which the definitions of paradigmatically related entries may help foreign language learn­ers to correctly choose and use appropriate lexemes.

Development of a Probabilistic Convective Weather Forecast Threshold Parameter for Flight-Routing Decisions

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 1175-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kapil Sheth ◽  
Thomas Amis ◽  
Sebastian Gutierrez-Nolasco ◽  
Banavar Sridhar ◽  
Daniel Mulfinger
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Traffic Data ◽  
Threshold Parameter ◽  
Probability Threshold ◽  
Convective Cells ◽  
Convective Weather

Abstract This paper presents a method for determining a threshold value of probabilistic convective weather forecast data. By synchronizing air traffic data and an experimental probabilistic convective weather forecast product, it was observed that aircraft avoid areas of specific forecasted probability. Both intensity and echo top of the forecasted weather were synchronized with air traffic data to derive the probability threshold parameter. This value can be used by dispatchers for flight planning and by air traffic managers to reroute streams of aircraft around convective cells. The main contribution of this paper is to provide a method to compute the probability threshold parameters using a specific experimental probabilistic convective forecast product providing hourly guidance up to 6 h. Air traffic and weather data for a 4-month period during the summer of 2007 were used to compute the parameters for the continental United States. The results are shown for different altitudes, times of day, aircraft types, and airspace users. Threshold values for each of the 20 Air Route Traffic Control Centers were also computed. Additional details are presented for seven high-altitude sectors in the Fort Worth, Texas, center. For the analysis reported here, flight intent was not considered and no assessment of flight deviation was conducted since only aircraft tracks were used.

Weather Maps, Forecasts, and Data

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. David Whiteman
Keyword(s):  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Synoptic Scale ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
Surface Weather ◽  
Comprehensive Picture

Weather maps prepared by the National Weather Service summarize and synthesize weather data to provide a comprehensive picture of weather conditions at a given time. They are the basis of weather maps used on television to show precipitation, high and low pressure centers, and fronts. Weather maps are produced using both surface data and data from specified pressure levels. Data are plotted and contoured by computer, and analysts use satellite photos, satellite video loops, weather forecast models, and extrapolations from previous frontal and pressure system analyses to locate fronts and pressure centers. An example of a surface weather chart is presented in figure 9.1. A 500-mb chart for the same date and time was presented in figure 5.1. Symbols are used on weather maps to indicate synoptic-scale features. High and low pressure weather systems (highs and lows) are indicated by the letters H and L, with isobars labeled in millibars. Lines indicating frontal positions (section 6.2) represent the position on the ground of boundaries between air masses. Additional meteorological variables, such as temperature, are often analyzed on the same map using dashed or colored lines. Pressure, temperature, and other data from the reporting stations are plotted in coded form at the station locations. A station model specifies the positions in which different types of data are plotted relative to the station location. Figure 9.1 used an abbreviated station model. A complete station model is shown in figure 9.2. Figures 9.3 — 9.7 show additional symbols used in station models to indicate total sky cover, winds, pressure tendency, cloud types, and present weather types, respectively. A surface weather chart, with the symbols indicating fronts and high and low pressure centers and the information included in the station model, provides a snapshot of synoptic-scale conditions at ground level. By overlaying charts for several pressure levels (section 5.1.3), changes with altitude can be identified and the three-dimensional structure of the atmosphere at a given point in time can be visualized. By comparing consecutive charts, the rate of movement of fronts and the rates of development of high and low pressure centers can be determined.

Rain on your radar : Engaging with weather data visualizations as part of everyday routines

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eef Masson ◽  
Karin van Es
Keyword(s):  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Demographic Profiles ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Data Visualizations

This chapter discusses visualizations of weather data, used to communicate short-term precipitation predictions to lay audiences. Focusing on the example of Buienradar, a popular Dutch weather forecast website and app, it investigates how people engage with such representations on a daily basis, how they interpret them, and how their readings of them affect their actions and decisions, shaping their day-to-day routines. The research is based on semi-structured interviews with users with different demographic profiles. Aside from establishing usage patterns or preferences and readerly strategies, the chapter also considers people’s own evaluations of their conduct in relation to the Buienradar service, and more broadly, their reflections on the significance of weather data visualizations to their lives.

Avoidance of Phrasal Verbs—A Case for Contrastive Analysis

1985 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menachem Dagut ◽  
Batia Laufer
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Error Analysis ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Negative Transfer ◽  
Teaching Experience ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
Learning Difficulty ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Phrasal Verbs ◽  
Group Structures

Schachter (1974) drew attention to the importance, in error analysis, of examining not only the L2 forms actually produced by the learners of a foreign language in their attempts to express themselves in L2, but also the L2 forms they seem consistently to avoid using. She also noted the close interrelation between such avoidance phenomena and the Contrastive Analysis approach to L2 teaching and learning: avoidance is the reverse side of negative transfer, since learners tend to avoid using in L2 those structures that have no parallel in their L1 and therefore provide them with no pattern for transfer. Of course, as Kleinmann (1977) has pointed out, “avoidance” implies that the structure in question is known to (i.e., can be passively recognized by) the learners, but not freely used by them; failure to use a structure or word that is unknown to the learners is an indication merely of ignorance, not of learning difficulty. Now a prime constructive purpose of error analysis is (or should be) to identify the sources of a learner's difficulties, as a necessary preliminary to helping him or her overcome them. Hence the importance of genuine avoidance phenomena that, when properly identified, can throw light on what would otherwise remain hidden recesses of uncertainty in the learner's mind. Levenston (1971) has convincingly argued, with numerous illustrations, that avoidance (“under-representation” in his terminology) of various English “clause (or group) structures” by Hebrew-speaking learners of English can be explained by the lack of Hebrew “translation-equivalents” for the English structures in question and the learners' consequent choice of less appropriate but more L1-equivalent structures. However, since Levenston was concerned not with avoidance phenomena as such, but rather with the evidence they provide of L1 interference with L2 learning and their stylistic effect on the learner's L2, he took the phenomena in question as established facts (on the basis, presumably, of his own teaching experience), without attempting to examine their frequency and extent.

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